rvm的安装, 使用rvm, 安装ruby, 以及gem的使用

http://blog.163.com/digoal@126/blog/static/1638770402012425111617904/

rvm 全称Ruby Version Manager,  确实是一个非常好用的ruby版本管理以及安装工具.

下面介绍一下rvm的安装, 使用rvm, 安装ruby, 以及gem的使用.

一、安装rvm

官方网站上介绍得很简单, 但是使用官方网站安装会出现问题, SSL的问题. 所以我分两步进行, 第一步下载安装脚本. 第二步修改安装脚本. 第三步安装.

以下介绍的是使用root用户在CentOS中安装rvm的过程.

1. 下载脚本到ins文件中. 注意使用了curl的-k选项, 因为地址是https的. 不加-k会报异常.

[root@db-172-16-3-33 ~]# curl -k https://raw.github.com/wayneeseguin/rvm/master/binscripts/rvm-installer >./ins

2. 修改ins脚本中的curl都加上-k否则会无法使用.

   

    vi ins
   
   

    需要修改两处curl.
   
   

    curl -sk https://api.github.com/repos/wayneeseguin/rvm/tags
   
   

    if curl -kL ${_url} -o ${rvm_archives_path}/${_file}
   

3. 使用修改后的ins脚本安装rvm

   

    [root@db-172-16-3-33 ~]# cat ins|bash -s stable
   
   

    输出结果 : 
   
   

    Downloading RVM from wayneeseguin branch stable
   
   

      % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
   
   

                                     Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
   
   

    100 1023k  100 1023k    0     0   173k      0  0:00:05  0:00:05 --:--:--  383k
   
   

    

   
   

    Installing RVM to /usr/local/rvm/
   
   

        Creating RVM system user group 'rvm'
   
   

    

   
   

    # RVM:  Shell scripts enabling management of multiple ruby environments.
   
   

    # RTFM: https://rvm.io/
   
   

    # HELP: http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=rvm (#rvm on irc.freenode.net)
   
   

    # Cheatsheet: http://cheat.errtheblog.com/s/rvm/
   
   

    # Screencast: http://screencasts.org/episodes/how-to-use-rvm
   
   

    

   
   

    # In case of any issues read output of 'rvm requirements' and/or 'rvm notes'
   
   

    

   
   

    Installation of RVM in /usr/local/rvm/ is almost complete:
   
   

    

   
   

      * First you need to add all users that will be using rvm to 'rvm' group,
   
   

        and logout - login again, anyone using rvm will be operating with `umask g+w`.
   
   

    

   
   

      * To start using RVM you need to run `source /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh`
   
   

        in all your open shell windows, in rare cases you need to reopen all shell windows.
   
   

    

   
   

    # root,
   
   

    #
   
   

    #   Thank you for using RVM!
   
   

    #   I sincerely hope that RVM helps to make your life easier and more enjoyable!!!
   
   

    #
   
   

    # ~Wayne
   

4. 修改root 下的环境变量

   

    

     vi ~/.bash_profile
    
    

     export PATH=/usr/local/rvm/bin:/opt/git1.7.10.2/bin:$PATH
    
    

     更新环境变量.
    
    

     . ~/.bash_profile
    
   
   

    这里就安装完rvm了
   

二、rvm的使用, 简单的介绍一下

   

    [root@db5 ~]# rvm list help
   
   

    

   
   

      Usage:
   
   

    

   
   

        rvm list [action]
   
   

    

   
   

      Actions:
   
   

    

   
   

      {help,known,gemsets,default [string],rubies,strings,known_strings,ruby_svn_tags}
   

1. 列出rvm管理的软件及版本

    

     [root@db5 ~]# rvm list known
    
    

     # MRI Rubies
    
    

     [ruby-]1.8.6[-p420]
    
    

     [ruby-]1.8.7[-p358]
    
    

     [ruby-]1.8.7-head
    
    

     [ruby-]1.9.1[-p431]
    
    

     [ruby-]1.9.2-p180
    
    

     [ruby-]1.9.2-p290
    
    

     [ruby-]1.9.2-p318
    
    

     [ruby-]1.9.2[-p320]
    
    

     [ruby-]1.9.2-head
    
    

     [ruby-]1.9.3-preview1
    
    

     [ruby-]1.9.3-rc1
    
    

     [ruby-]1.9.3-p0
    
    

     [ruby-]1.9.3-p125
    
    

     [ruby-]1.9.3-[p194]
    
    

     [ruby-]1.9.3-head
    
    

     ruby-head
    
    

     

    
    

     # GoRuby
    
    

     goruby
    
    

     

    
    

     # TheCodeShop - MRI experimental patches
    
    

     tcs
    
    

     

    
    

     # JRuby
    
    

     jruby-1.2.0
    
    

     jruby-1.3.1
    
    

     jruby-1.4.0
    
    

     jruby-1.6.5
    
    

     jruby-1.6.5.1
    
    

     jruby-1.6.6
    
    

     jruby-1.6.7
    
    

     jruby[-1.6.7.2]
    
    

     jruby-head
    
    

     jruby-1.7.0.preview1
    
    

     

    
    

     # Rubinius
    
    

     rbx-1.0.1
    
    

     rbx-1.1.1
    
    

     rbx-1.2.3
    
    

     rbx-1.2.4
    
    

     rbx[-head]
    
    

     rbx-2.0.testing
    
    

     

    
    

     # Ruby Enterprise Edition
    
    

     ree-1.8.6
    
    

     ree[-1.8.7][-2012.02]
    
    

     

    
    

     # Kiji
    
    

     kiji
    
    

     

    
    

     # MagLev
    
    

     maglev[-head]
    
    

     maglev-1.0.0
    
    

     

    
    

     # Mac OS X Snow Leopard Or Newer
    
    

     macruby[-0.10]
    
    

     macruby-nightly
    
    

     macruby-head
    
    

     

    
    

     # IronRuby -- Not implemented yet.
    
    

     ironruby-0.9.3
    
    

     ironruby-1.0-rc2
    
    

     ironruby-head
    

三、使用RVM安装ruby

从上面的输出我们能看到rvm管理的ruby版本中包含了当前的稳定版1.9.3-p194, 接下来就安装这个版本.

但是注意, 使用rvm安装的话需要联网, 怎么办呢? 可以不联网吗? 可能不可以, 因为要获得依赖关系什么的, 但是可以提前下载好安装包房到archives目录下, 这样可以省去下载包的过程.

1. 联网安装

  

   [root@db5 ~]# rvm install ruby-1.9.3-p194
  
  

   输出
  
  

   

    Fetching yaml-0.1.4.tar.gz to /usr/local/rvm/archives
   
   

      % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
   
   

                                     Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
   
   

    100  460k  100  460k    0     0  91728      0  0:00:05  0:00:05 --:--:--  190k
   
   

    Extracting yaml-0.1.4.tar.gz to /usr/local/rvm/src
   
   

    Prepare yaml in /usr/local/rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4.
   
   

    Configuring yaml in /usr/local/rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4.
   
   

    Compiling yaml in /usr/local/rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4.
   
   

    Installing yaml to /usr/local/rvm/usr
   
   

    Installing Ruby from source to: /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194, this may take a while depending on your cpu(s)...
   
   

    

   
   

    ruby-1.9.3-p194 - #fetching 
   
   

    ruby-1.9.3-p194 - #downloading ruby-1.9.3-p194, this may take a while depending on your connection...
   
   

      % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
   
   

                                     Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
   
  
  

   .... 略
  
  

   到安装rubygems的时候会出错, 无法获取版本号. 所以需要手工安装rubygems.
  
  

   

    -- 下载rubygems错误,貌似版本信息没有获取到.
   
   

    Retrieving rubygems-
   
   

      % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
   
   

                                     Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
   
   

      0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0
   
   

    curl: (22) The requested URL returned error: 404
   
   

    The requested url does not exist: 'http://production.cf.rubygems.org/rubygems/rubygems-.tgz'
   
   

    Trying ftp:// URL instead.
   
  
  

   

    CTRL+C退出
   
   

    -- 手动安装rubygems, 见第3步
   
  

2. 下载好包后放到archives目录下再安装

如果下载太慢, 也可以先下载好yaml-0.1.4.tar.gz, ruby-1.9.3-p194.tar.bz2 放在/usr/local/rvm/archives下面

然后执行

rvm install ruby-1.9.3-p194

3. 安装rubygems

下载rubygems安装包.

wget http://production.cf.rubygems.org/rubygems/rubygems-1.8.24.tgz

解压

tar -zxvf rubygems-1.8.24.tgz

放到一个目录, （可选）

mv rubygems-1.8.24 /usr/local/rvm/src/

   

    cd /usr/local/rvm/src/rubygems-1.8.24
   
   

    -- 由于是rvm管理的ruby环境, 所以在安装rubygems前, 先转到对应的ruby 环境, --default表示设置为默认的ruby环境
   
   

    [root@db-172-16-3-33 rubygems-1.8.24]# rvm use ruby-1.9.3-p194 --default
   
   

    Using /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194
   
   

    干了什么呢? 弄了个软链接.
   
   

    [root@db5 rubies]# pwd
/usr/local/rvm/rubies
[root@db5 rubies]# ll
total 4.0K
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root rvm   37 May 25 10:47 default -> /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194
drwxr-xr-x 6 root rvm 4.0K May 25 11:34 ruby-1.9.3-p194
   
   

    -- 安装rubygems
   
   

    [root@db-172-16-3-33 rubygems-1.8.24]# ruby setup.rb 
   
   

    输出结果
   
   

    RubyGems 1.8.24 installed
   
   

    

   
   

    == 1.8.24 / 2012-04-27
   
   

    

   
   

    * 1 bug fix:
   
   

    

   
   

      * Install the .pem files properly. Fixes #320
   
   

      * Remove OpenSSL dependency from the http code path
   
   

    

   
   

    

   
   

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
   

    

   
   

    RubyGems installed the following executables:
   
   

            /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194/bin/gem
   

4. 列出当前rvm管理的软件

  

   [root@db5 ruby-1.9.3-p194]# rvm list
  
  

   

  
  

   rvm rubies
  
  

   

  
  

   =* /usr/local/rvm/scripts/list: line 294: /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194/config: No such file or directory
  
  

   ruby-1.9.3-p194 [  ]
  
  

   

  
  

   # => - current
  
  

   # =* - current && default
  
  

   #  * - default
  

5. 重新安装

rvm reinstall ruby-1.9.3-p194

6. 移除已安装的软件

rvm remove ruby-1.9.3-p194

四、gem的使用介绍

1.  源管理,添加淘宝源

   

    [root@db5 soft_bak]# gem source --add 'http://ruby.taobao.org/'
   
   

    http://ruby.taobao.org/ added to sources
   
   

    [root@db5 soft_bak]# gem source -l
   
   

    *** CURRENT SOURCES ***
   
   

    

   
   

    http://rubygems.org/
   
   

    http://ruby.taobao.org/
   

2. 更新源cache

   

    [root@db5 soft_bak]# gem source -u
   
   

    source cache successfully updated
   

3. 查看源里有哪些软件

   

    gem query -r -a
   
   

    -- 也可使用规则表达式
   
   

    [root@db5 soft_bak]# gem query -r -n 'redis'
   
   

    

   
   

    *** REMOTE GEMS ***
   
   

    

   
   

    active-redis (0.1.0 ruby)
   
   

    adapter-redis (0.5.1 ruby)
   
   

    bayes_on_redis (0.2.2 ruby)
   
   

    bayes_on_redis_internal (0.0.1 ruby)
   
   

    cache-machine-redis (0.0.1 ruby)
   
   

    cs-em-hiredis (0.1.2 ruby)
   
   

    datalogger-redis (0.0.2 ruby)
   
   

    datastore_redis (0.0.8 ruby)
   
   

    dm-redis-adapter (0.6.2 ruby)
   
   

    dsander-redis (1.0.6 ruby)
   
   

    dsander-redis-store (0.3.8 ruby)
   
   

    easyredis (0.0.6 ruby)
   
   

    em-hiredis (0.1.1 ruby)
   
   

    em-redis (0.3.0 ruby)
   
   

    em-redislite (0.2.2 ruby)
   
   

    eventmachine-redis (0.1.3 ruby)
   
   

    extraloop-redis-storage (0.0.12 ruby)
   
   

    eycloud-recipe-redis (0.2.0 ruby)
   
   

    fakeredis (0.3.1 ruby)
   
   

    faye-redis (0.1.0 ruby)
   
   

    feedzirra-redis (0.1.1 ruby)
   
   

    fluent-plugin-redis (0.2.0 ruby)
   
   

    goncalossilva_redis-session-store (0.1.8.1 ruby)
   
   

    guard-redis (0.1.0 ruby)
   
   

    hiera-redis (0.1.3 ruby)
   
   

    hiera-redis-backend (0.0.1 ruby)
   
   

    hiredis (0.4.5 ruby java java)
   
   

    honkster-redis-store (0.3.16 ruby)
   
   

    i18n_redis (0.0.2 ruby)
   
   

    integration_test_redis (0.0.2 ruby)
   
   

    jashmenn-redis-lock (0.1.1 ruby)
   
   

    joffice_redis (0.1.1 ruby)
   
   

    kali-redis (0.1.1 ruby)
   
   

    mlanett-redis-lock (0.1.1 ruby)
   
   

    mock_redis (0.4.1 ruby)
   
   

    namespaced_redis (1.0.2 ruby)
   
   

    newrelic-redis (1.3.2 ruby)
   
   

    nono-redis-store (1.0.0 ruby)
   
   

    opengotham_redis-namespace (0.4.4 ruby)
   
   

    openid-redis-store (0.0.2 ruby)
   
   

    orm-redis (0.0.0 ruby)
   
   

    qu-redis (0.1.4 ruby)
   
   

    rack-session-redis (0.0.3 ruby)
   
   

    rails3-redis-session-store (0.3.0 ruby)
   
   

    rails_redis_cache (0.2.0 ruby)
   
   

    redis (3.0.0 ruby)
   
   

    redis-actionpack (3.2.3 ruby)
   
   

    redis-activesupport (3.2.3 ruby)
   
   

    redis-aid (0.1.0 ruby)
   
   

    redis-cache (1.0.1 ruby)
   
   

    redis-classy (1.0.2 ruby)
   
   

    redis-column (0.0.3 ruby)
   
   

    redis-connection-ssl (0.0.1 ruby)
   
   

    redis-connection-universal (0.0.1 ruby)
   
   

    redis-diff_match_patch (1.1.1 ruby)
   
   

    redis-dump (0.3.2 ruby)
   
   

    redis-expiring-set (0.1.2 ruby)
   
   

    redis-expiring_counter (1.0.0.0 ruby)
   
   

    redis-friendships (0.2 ruby)
   
   

    redis-health (0.0.1 ruby)
   
   

    redis-i18n (0.6.0 ruby)
   
   

    redis-load (0.2 ruby)
   
   

    redis-lock (0.1.0 ruby)
   
   

    redis-messages (0.1 ruby)
   
   

    redis-mmm (0.1.1 ruby)
   
   

    redis-model (0.1.3 ruby)
   
   

    redis-model-extension (0.3.3 ruby)
   
   

    redis-mutex (1.2.3 ruby)
   
   

    redis-namespace (1.1.0 ruby)
   
   

    redis-native_hash (0.2.1 ruby)
   
   

    redis-objective (0.1.0 ruby)
   
   

    redis-objects (0.5.2 ruby)
   
   

    redis-orm (0.0.4 ruby)
   
   

    redis-persistence (0.0.7 ruby)
   
   

    redis-rack (1.4.1 ruby)
   
   

    redis-rack-cache (1.2 ruby)
   
   

    redis-rails (3.2.3 ruby)
   
   

    redis-repeater (0.2.6 ruby)
   
   

    redis-retry (0.1.0 ruby)
   
   

    redis-roc (0.5.3 ruby)
   
   

    redis-scheduler (0.4 ruby)
   
   

    redis-scripted (0.0.3 ruby)
   
   

    redis-search (0.8.0 ruby)
   
   

    redis-semaphore (0.1.1 ruby)
   
   

    redis-server (0.0.5 ruby)
   
   

    redis-session-store (0.1.9 ruby)
   
   

    redis-settings (0.2.1 ruby)
   
   

    redis-sinatra (1.3.2 ruby)
   
   

    redis-slave (0.0.3 ruby)
   
   

    redis-spawn (0.0.5 ruby)
   
   

    redis-store (1.1.0 ruby)
   
   

    redis-structured-multi (0.0.2 ruby)
   
   

    redis-textsearch (0.2.0 ruby)
   
   

    redis-timeline (0.1.6 ruby)
   
   

    redis-types (0.1.7 ruby)
   
   

    redis-ui (0.1.3 ruby)
   
   

    redis2-session-store (0.0.3 ruby)
   
   

    redis_autocomplete (0.1.4 ruby)
   
   

    redis_buddy (1.0.0 ruby)
   
   

    redis_cache (0.0.1 ruby)
   
   

    redis_cache_mailer_delivery (0.0.6 ruby)
   
   

    redis_directory (1.0.4 ruby)
   
   

    redis_failover (0.8.3 ruby)
   
   

    redis_feature_control (0.0.2 ruby)
   
   

    redis_feed (0.0.1 ruby)
   
   

    redis_geo (0.0.0 ruby)
   
   

    redis_knock (0.0.2 ruby)
   
   

    redis_logger (0.1.0 ruby)
   
   

    redis_master_slave (0.0.1 ruby)
   
   

    redis_on_heroku (0.0.1 ruby)
   
   

    redis_orm (0.6.2 ruby)
   
   

    redis_props (0.3 ruby)
   
   

    redis_record (0.0.1 ruby)
   
   

    redis_resque_initializer (0.0.1 ruby)
   
   

    redis_ring (0.1.3 ruby)
   
   

    redis_ring_client (0.1.2 ruby)
   
   

    redis_selector (0.1.0 ruby)
   
   

    redis_session_store (0.0.2 ruby)
   
   

    redis_snippets (0.0.5 ruby)
   
   

    redis_status (0.1.1 ruby)
   
   

    redis_storage (0.4.0 ruby)
   
   

    redis_store_jr (0.2.1 ruby)
   
   

    redis_support (0.0.18 ruby)
   
   

    redis_throttle (0.1.0 ruby)
   
   

    redis_voteable (0.1.2 ruby)
   
   

    redis_wrapper (0.2.0 ruby)
   
   

    redis_wrapper_rails (0.2.0 ruby)
   
   

    redisarray (0.0.1 ruby)
   
   

    rediscover (0.0.2 ruby)
   
   

    redisearch (0.1.0 ruby)
   
   

    redised (0.2.0 ruby)
   
   

    redish (0.0.1 ruby)
   
   

    redisk (0.2.2 ruby)
   
   

    redislog (1.0.0 ruby)
   
   

    redismapper (0.0.1 ruby)
   
   

    redismodel (0.1.8 ruby)
   
   

    redismq (0.0.6 ruby)
   
   

    redisque (1.0.1 ruby)
   
   

    redisrecord (0.1 ruby)
   
   

    redisrpc (0.3.5 ruby)
   
   

    redistat (0.5.0 ruby)
   
   

    redisted (0.0.2 ruby)
   
   

    redistry (0.1.3 ruby)
   
   

    rspec-redis_helper (0.1.2 ruby)
   
   

    ruby-redis (0.0.2 ruby)
   
   

    ruby-redis-portertech (0.0.3 ruby)
   
   

    ruby_redis_lock (0.1.0 ruby)
   
   

    ruote-redis (2.2.0 ruby)
   
   

    ryansch-mock_redis (0.3.0 ruby)
   
   

    simple-redis-server (0.0.1 ruby)
   
   

    simple_redis_cache (0.0.2 ruby)
   
   

    simredis (0.0.5 ruby)
   
   

    sinatra-redis (0.3.0 ruby)
   
   

    sinatra-redis-auth (0.1.1 ruby)
   
   

    sprockets-cache-redis (0.0.3 ruby)
   
   

    superfeedr-em-redis (0.3.7 ruby)
   
   

    synapse_redis_logger (0.1.0 ruby)
   
   

    tavern-redis (0.0.2 ruby)
   
   

    unified-redis (0.0.2 ruby)
   
   

    uri-redis (0.4.2 ruby)
   
   

    xlymian-redis-store (0.3.8 ruby)
   
   

    yam-redis-with-retries (2.2.2.1 ruby)
   

4. 其他gem命令

  

   [root@db5 ~]# gem help commands
  
  

   GEM commands are:
  
  

   

  
  

       build             Build a gem from a gemspec
  
  

       cert              Manage RubyGems certificates and signing settings
  
  

       check             Check installed gems
  
  

       cleanup           Clean up old versions of installed gems in the local
  
  

                         repository
  
  

       contents          Display the contents of the installed gems
  
  

       dependency        Show the dependencies of an installed gem
  
  

       environment       Display information about the RubyGems environment
  
  

       fetch             Download a gem and place it in the current directory
  
  

       generate_index    Generates the index files for a gem server directory
  
  

       help              Provide help on the 'gem' command
  
  

       install           Install a gem into the local repository
  
  

       list              Display gems whose name starts with STRING
  
  

       lock              Generate a lockdown list of gems
  
  

       outdated          Display all gems that need updates
  
  

       owner             Manage gem owners on RubyGems.org.
  
  

       pristine          Restores installed gems to pristine condition from files
  
  

                         located in the gem cache
  
  

       push              Push a gem up to RubyGems.org
  
  

       query             Query gem information in local or remote repositories
  
  

       rdoc              Generates RDoc for pre-installed gems
  
  

       search            Display all gems whose name contains STRING
  
  

       server            Documentation and gem repository HTTP server
  
  

       sources           Manage the sources and cache file RubyGems uses to search
  
  

                         for gems
  
  

       specification     Display gem specification (in yaml)
  
  

       stale             List gems along with access times
  
  

       uninstall         Uninstall gems from the local repository
  
  

       unpack            Unpack an installed gem to the current directory
  
  

       update            Update the named gems (or all installed gems) in the local
  
  

                         repository
  
  

       which             Find the location of a library file you can require
  
  

   

  
  

   For help on a particular command, use 'gem help COMMAND'.
  
  

   

  
  

   Commands may be abbreviated, so long as they are unambiguous.
  
  

   e.g. 'gem i rake' is short for 'gem install rake'.