Python---GUI

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-17 01:09:56 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2025-06-17 01:09:56 发布 · 831 阅读

2 ·

CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

文章标签：

#python #开发语言 #后端

作为一个Python初学者，我想通过写博客的方式来记录下来自己成长的过程，同时也分享一下自己学习到的知识。以下都是一个Python初学者对Python语言的一些浅见和个人理解。

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox

root = Tk()

‘’’
tkinter主窗口
主窗口位置和大小：通过geometry(‘wxh±x±y’)进行设置。w为宽度，h为高度、+x表示距离屏幕左边的距离；-x表示距离屏幕右边的距离；
+y表示距离屏幕上边的距离；-y表示距离屏幕下边的距离
‘’’

root.title("我的第一个GUI程序")
root.geometry("500x300+100+200")

btn01 = Button(root)
btn01['text'] = '点我就送花'


btn01.pack()

def songhua(e):               # e就是事件对象
    messagebox.showinfo("Message", "送你一朵花，亲亲我吧")
    print("送你99朵玫瑰花")

btn01.bind("<Button-1>", songhua)

root.mainloop()   # 调用组件的mainloop()方法，进入事件循环

“”“测试一个经典的GUI程序的写法，使用面向对象的方式”""

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox


class Application(Frame):
    """一个经典的GUI程序的类的写法"""

    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.pack()

        self.creatWidget()

    def creatWidget(self):
        """创建组件"""
        self.btn01 = Button(self)
        self.btn01["text"] = "点击送花"
        self.btn01.pack()
        self.btn01["command"] = self.songhua
        #创建一个退出按钮
        self.btnQuit = Button(self, text="退出", command=root.destroy)
        self.btnQuit.pack()

    def songhua(self):
        messagebox.showinfo("送花", "送你99朵玫瑰花")
if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
    root.geometry("400x100+200+300")
    root.title("一个经典的GUI程序类的测试")
    app = Application(master=root)

    root.mainloop()

“”“测试label，使用面向对象的方式”""

from tkinter import *


class Application(Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.pack()
        self.creatWidget()

    def creatWidget(self):
        """创建组件"""
        self.label01 = Label(self, text='中国加油', width=8, height=2, bg='black', fg='white')
        self.label01.pack()

        self.label02 = Label(self, text='中国最棒', width=9, height=2, bg='blue', fg='white', font=('黑体',30))
        self.label02.pack()
        #显示图像
#      global photo
#     photo = PhotoImage(file="Code07/GUI/imgs/yasuo.gif")
#     self.label03 = Label(self, image=photo)
#     self.label03.pack()
        #显示多行文本
        self.label04 = Label(self, text='中国\n中国加油\n中国无敌', borderwidth=5, relief='groove', justify='right')
        self.label04.pack()
if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
    root.geometry("400x300+200+300")
    root.title("label测试")
    app = Application(master=root)

    root.mainloop()

#Button
‘’’
Button(按钮)用来执行用户的单击操作。Button可以包含文本，也可以包含图像。按钮被单击后会自动调用对应事件绑定的方法
‘’’

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox

class Application(Frame):
    def __init__(self,master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.pack()
        self.createWidget()

    def createWidget(self):
        "创建组件"
        self.btn01 = Button(root, text='登录', command=self.login)
        self.btn01.pack()

#        global photo
#        photo = PhotoImage(file='imgs/yasuo.gif')
#        self.btn02 = Button(root, image=photo, command=self.login)
 #       self.btn02.pack()

    def login(self):
        messagebox.showinfo("学籍管理系统", "登录成功！欢迎开始学习！")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
    root.geometry("400x130+200+300")
    app = Application(master=root)
    root.mainloop()

#Entry单行文本框
‘’’
Entry用来接收一行字符串的控件。如果用户输入的文字长度长于Entry控件的宽度时，文字会自动向后滚动
‘’’

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox

class Application(Frame):

    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.pack()
        self.createWidget()

    def createWidget(self):
        '''创建登录界面的控件'''
        self.label01 = Label(self, text="用户名")
        self.label01.pack()
        # StringVar变量绑定到指定的组件
        # StringVar变量的值发生变化，组件内容也变化
        # 组件内容发生变化，StringVar变量的值也发生变化
        v1 = StringVar()
        self.entry01 = Entry(self, textvariable=v1)
        self.entry01.pack()
        v1.set("admin")
        print(v1.get())
        print(self.entry01.get())

        # 创建密码框
        self.label02 = Label(self, text="密码")
        self.label02.pack()

        v2 = StringVar()
        self.entry02 = Entry(self, textvariable=v2,show="*")
        self.entry02.pack()

        Button(self, text="登录",command=self.login).pack()


    def login(self):
        username = self.entry01.get()
        pwd = self.entry02.get()

        print("去数据库比对用户名和密码！")
        print("用户名："+username)
        print("密码"+pwd)

        if username=="haha" and pwd=="123456":
            messagebox.showinfo("学习系统", "登陆成功！欢迎开始学习！")
        else:
            messagebox.showinfo("学习系统", "登陆失败！用户名或密码错误！")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
    root.geometry("400x130+200+300")
    app = Application(master=root)
    root.mainloop()

from tkinter import *
import webbrowser


class Application(Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.pack()
        self.createWidget()

    def createWidget(self):
        self.w1 = Text(root, width=40, height=12, bg="gray")
        #宽度20个字母(10个汉字)，高度一个行高
        self.w1.pack()

        self.w1.insert(1.0, "123456789\nabcdefg")
        self.w1.insert(2.3, "锄禾日当午，汗滴禾下土。谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦\n")

        Button(self, text="重复插入文本", command=self.insertText).pack(side="left")
        Button(self, text="返回文本", command=self.returnText).pack(side="left")
        Button(self, text="添加图片", command=self.addImage).pack(side="left")
        Button(self, text="添加组件", command=self.addWidget).pack(side="left")
        Button(self, text="通过tag精确控制文本", command=self.testTag).pack(side="left")

    def insertText(self):
        #INSERT索引表示在光标处插入
        self.w1.insert(INSERT, 'haha')
        #END索引号表示在最后插入
        self.w1.insert(END, '[ayg]')

    def returnText(self):
        # Indexes(索引)是用来指向Text组件中文本的位置，Text的组件索引也是对应实际字符之间的位置
        # 核心：行号从1开始，列号从0开始
        print(self.w1.get(1.2, 1.6))
        print("所有文本内容：\n"+self.w1.get(1.0, END))

    def addImage(self):
        self.photo = PhotoImage(file="imgs/yasuo.gif")
        self.w1.image_create(END, image=self.photo)

    def addWidget(self):
        b1 = Button(self.w1, text="爱中国")
        # 在text创建组件的命令
        self.w1.window_create(INSERT, window=b1)

    def testTag(self):
        self.w1.delete(1.0, END)
        self.w1.insert(INSERT, "good good study,day day up\n")
        self.w1.tag_add("good", 1.0, 1.9)
        self.w1.tag_config("good", background="yellow", foreground="red")

        self.w1.tag_add("baidu", 4.0, 4.2)
        self.w1.tag_config("baidu", underline=True)
        self.w1.tag_bind("baidu", "<Button-1>", self.webshow)
    def webshow(self,event):
        webbrowser.open("http://www.baidu.com")
if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
    root.geometry("400x300+200+300")
    app = Application(master=root)
    root.mainloop()

“”“测试Radiobutton组件的基本用法，使用面向对象方式”""

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox

class Application(Frame):

    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.pack()
        self.createWidget()

    def createWidget(self):
        self.v = StringVar()
        self.v.set('F')

        self.r1 = Radiobutton(self, text='男性', value='M', variable=self.v)
        self.r2 = Radiobutton(self, text='女性', value='F', variable=self.v)

        self.r1.pack(side='left')
        self.r2.pack(side='left')

        self.b1 = Button(root, text='确定', command=self.confirm)
        self.b1.pack(side='left')

    def confirm(self):
        messagebox.showinfo('测试', '选择的性别：'+self.v.get())


if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
    root.title('性别选择器')
    root.geometry("400x50+200+300")
    app = Application(master=root)
    root.mainloop()

“”“测试Checkbutton组件基本用法，使用面向对象的方式”""

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox

class Application(Frame):

    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.pack()
        self.createWidget()

    def createWidget(self):
        self.codeHobby = IntVar()
        self.videoHobby = IntVar()

        print(self.codeHobby.get())
        self.c1 = Checkbutton(self, text='敲代码',
                              variable=self.codeHobby, onvalue=1, offvalue=0)
        self.c2 = Checkbutton(self, text='看视频',
                              variable=self.videoHobby, onvalue=1, offvalue=0)
        self.c1.pack(side='left')
        self.c2.pack(side='left')

        Button(self, text='确定',command=self.confirm).pack(side='left')

    def confirm(self):
        if self.videoHobby.get() == 1:
            messagebox.showinfo("测试", "看视频")
        if self.codeHobby.get() == 1:
            messagebox.showinfo("测试", "写代码")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
    root.geometry('400x100+200+300')
    app = Application(master=root)
    root.mainloop()

canvas画布

“”"
canvas画布是一个矩形区域，可以放置图形、图像、组件等
“”"

import random
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox


class Application(Frame):

    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.pack()
        self.createWidget()

    def createWidget(self):
        self.canvas = Canvas(self, width=300,height=200, bg="green")
        self.canvas.pack()
        #画一条直线
        line = self.canvas.create_line(10, 10, 30, 20, 40, 50)
        #画一个矩形
        rect = self.canvas.create_rectangle(50, 50, 100, 100)
        #画一个椭圆，坐标两双。为椭圆的边界矩形左上角和底部右下角
        oval = self.canvas.create_oval(50, 50, 100, 100)

        global photo
        photo = PhotoImage(file="F:\Python\Code07\imgs/yasuo.gif")
        self.canvas.create_image(150, 170, image=photo)

        Button(self, text="画10个矩形", command=self.draw50Recg).pack(side="left")


    def draw50Recg(self):
        for i in range(0, 10):
            x1 = random.randrange(int(self.canvas["width"])/2)
            y1 = random.randrange(int(self.canvas["height"])/2)
            x2 = x1 + random.randrange(int(self.canvas["width"])/2)
            y2 = y1 + random.randrange(int(self.canvas["height"])/2)
            self.canvas.create_rectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
    root.geometry("400x400+300+300")
    app = Application(master=root)
    root.mainloop()

#grid布局管理器

from tkinter import *


class Application(Frame):

    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.pack()
        self.createWidget()

    def createWidget(self):
        """通过grid布局实现登录界面"""
        self.label01 = Label(self, text="用户名")
        self.label01.grid(row=0, column=0)
        self.entry01 = Entry(self)
        self.entry01.grid(row=0, column=1)
        Label(self, text="用户名为手机号").grid(row=0, column=2)

        Label(self, text="密码").grid(row=1, column=0)
        Entry(self, show="*").grid(row=1, column=1)

        Button(self, text="登录").grid(row=2, column=1, sticky=EW)
        Button(self, text="取消").grid(row=2, column=2, sticky=E)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
    root.geometry("400x200+200+300")
    app = Application(master=root)
    root.mainloop()

#pack布局管理器
“”"
pack按照组件的创建顺序将子组件添加到父组件中，按照垂直或者水平的方向自然排布。如果不指定任何选项，默认在父组件中自顶向下垂直添加组件
“”"

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
root.title("钢琴")
root.geometry("700x220")

#Frame是一个矩形区域，就是用来放置其他子组件
f1 = Frame(root)
f1.pack()
f2 = Frame(root)
f2.pack()

btnText = ("流行风", "中国风", "日本风", "重金属", "轻音乐")

for txt in btnText:
    Button(f1, text=txt).pack(side="left", padx="10")

for i in range(1, 13):
    Label(f2, width=5, height=10, borderwidth=1, relief="solid",
          bg="black" if i%2 == 0 else "white").pack(side="left", padx=2)

root.mainloop()

#place布局管理器
“”"
place布局管理器可以通过坐标精确控制组件的位置，适用于一些布局更加灵活的场景
“”"
f

rom tkinter import *

root = Tk()
root.geometry("500x300")
root.title("布局管理place")
root["bg"] = "white"

f1 = Frame(root, width=200, height=200, bg="green")
f1.place(x=30, y=30)

Button(root, text="中国").place(relx=0.2, x=100, y=20, relwidth=0.2, relheight=0.5)
Button(f1, text="程序员").place(relx=0.6, rely=0.7)
Button(f1, text="加油").place(relx=0.5, rely=0.2)

root.mainloop()

place布局管理-扑克牌游戏

from tkinter import *


class Application(Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.pack()
        self.createWidget()

    def createWidget(self):
        """通过place布局管理器实现扑克牌位置控制"""
        self.photos = [PhotoImage(file="F:\Python\Code07\imgs\puke/puke"+str(i+1)+".gif") for i in range(5)]
        self.pukes = [Label(self.master, image=self.photos[i]) for i in range(5)]

        for i in range(5):
            self.pukes[i].place(x=10+i*40, y=50)

        # 为所有的Label增加事件处理
        self.pukes[0].bind_class("Label", "<Button-1>", self.chupai)

    def chupai(self, event):
        print(event.widget.winfo_geometry())
        print(event.widget.winfo_y())

        if event.widget.winfo_y() == 50:
            event.widget.place(y=30)
        else:
            event.widget.place(y=50)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    root = Tk()
    root.title("扑克牌游戏")
    root.geometry("300x270+200+300")
    app = Application(master=root)
    root.mainloop()

#计算器界面实现

from tkinter import *

class Application(Frame):

    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.pack()
        self.createWidget()

    def createWidget(self):
        """通过grid布局实现计算器的界面"""
        btnText = (("MC", "M+", "M-", "MR"),
                   ("C", "±", "÷", "x"),
                   (7, 8, 9, "+"),
                   (1, 2, 3, "="),
                   (0, "."))

        Entry(self).grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=4, pady=10)

        for rindex,r in enumerate(btnText):
            for cindex,c in enumerate(r):
                if c == '=':
                    Button(self, text=c, width=2).grid(row=rindex+1, column=cindex, rowspan=2, sticky=NSEW)
                elif c == 0:
                    Button(self, text=c, width=2).grid(row=rindex+1, column=cindex, columnspan=2, sticky=NSEW)
                elif c == ".":
                    Button(self, text=c, width=2).grid(row=rindex+1, column=cindex+1, sticky=NSEW)
                else:
                    Button(self, text=c, width=2).grid(row=rindex+1, column=cindex, sticky=NSEW)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
    root.geometry("200x200+200+300")
    root.title("计算器")
    app = Application(master=root)
    root.mainloop()

事件处理

测试键盘和鼠标事件

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
root.geometry("530x300")

c1 = Canvas(root, width=200, height=200, bg="green")
c1.pack()


def mouseTest(event):
    print("鼠标左键单击位置(相对于父容器)：{0},{1}".format(event.x, event.y))
    print("鼠标左键单击位置(相对于屏幕)：{0},{1}".format(event.x_root, event.y_root))
    print("事件绑定的组件：{0}".format(event.widget))


def testDrag(event):
    c1.create_oval(event.x, event.y, event.x+1, event.y+1)


def keyboardTest(event):
    print("键的keycode：{0},键的char:{1},键的keysym：{2}".format(event.keycode, event.char, event.keysym))


def press_a_test(event):
    print("press a")


def release_a_test(event):
    print("release a")


c1.bind("<Button-1>", mouseTest)
c1.bind("<B1-Motion>", testDrag)

root.bind("<KeyPress>", keyboardTest)
root.bind("<KeyPress-a>", press_a_test)
root.bind("<KeyRelease-a>", release_a_test)

root.mainloop()

多种事件绑定汇总

from tkinter import *


root = Tk()
root.geometry("270x30")


def mouseTest1(event):
    print("bind()方式绑定，可以获取event对象")
    print(event.widget)


def mouseTest2(a, b):
    print("a={0}，b={1}".format(a, b))
    print("command方式绑定，不能直接获取event对象")


def mouseTest3(event):
    print("右键单击事件，绑定给所有按钮")
    print(event.widget)


b1 = Button(root, text="测试bind()绑定")
b1.pack(side="left")

# bind方式绑定事件
b1.bind("<Button-1>", mouseTest1)

# command属性直接绑定事件
b2 = Button(root, text="测试command2", command=lambda: mouseTest2("haha", "xixi"))
b2.pack(side="left")

# 给所有Button按钮都绑定右键单击事件<Button-3>
b1.bind_class("Button", "<Button-3>", mouseTest3)

root.mainloop()

#OptionMenu选择项
“”“OptionMenu(选择项)用来做多选一，选中的项在顶部显示”""

from tkinter import *


root = Tk()
root.geometry("200x100+200+300")
v = StringVar(root)
v.set("程序员")
om = OptionMenu(root, v, "教师", "公务员", "销售")

om["width"] = 10
om.pack()

def test1():
    print("最喜爱的职业：", v.get())

Button(root, text="确定", command=test1).pack()

root.mainloop()

#Scale移动滑块
“”"
Scale(移动滑块)用于在指定的数值区间，通过滑块的移动来选择值
“”"

from tkinter import *


root = Tk()
root.geometry("400x150")


def test1(value):
    print("滑块的值：", value)
    newFont = ("宋体", value)
    a.config(font=newFont)


s1 = Scale(root, from_=10, to=50, length=200, tickinterval=10, orient=HORIZONTAL, command=test1)
s1.pack()

a = Label(root, text="加油好青年", width=10, height=1, bg="green", fg="white")
a.pack()

root.mainloop()

#颜色选择框
“”"
颜色选择框可以帮助我们设置背景色、前景色、画笔颜色、字体颜色等
“”"

from tkinter import *
from tkinter.colorchooser import *


root = Tk()
root.geometry("400x150+200+300")


def test1():
    s1 = askcolor(color="red", title="背景色")
    print(s1)
    root.config(bg=s1[1])


Button(root, text="选择背景色", command=test1).pack()

root.mainloop()

#文件对话框
“”"
文件对话框帮助我们实现可视化的操作目录、操作文件。最后，将文件、目录的信息传入到程序中。
“”"

from tkinter import *
from tkinter.filedialog import *


root =Tk()
root.geometry("400x100")


def test1():
    with askopenfile(title="上传文件", initialdir="f:", filetypes=[("文本文件", "txt")]) as f:
        show["text"] = f.read()


Button(root, text="选择读取的文本文件", command=test1).pack()

show = Label(root, width=40, height=3, bg="green")
show.pack()

root.mainloop()

#简单输入对话框

from tkinter import *
from tkinter.simpledialog import *


root = Tk()
root.geometry("400x100")


def test1():
    a = askinteger(title="输入年龄", prompt="请输入年龄", initialvalue=18, minvalue=1, maxvalue=150)
    show["text"]=a


Button(root, text="年龄是多少？请输入", command=test1).pack()


show = Label(root, width=40, height=3, bg="green")
show.pack()


root.mainloop()

#通用消息框

from tkinter import *
from tkinter.messagebox import *


root = Tk()
root.geometry("400x100")

a1 = showinfo(title="程序员", message="好好写代码")
print(a1)

root.mainloop()