修改时间:2020年2月22日 作者:pp_x 邮箱:pp_x12138@163.com
Proxy实现转账案例
们可以将业务代码和事务代码进行拆分,通过动态代理的方式,对业务方法进行事务的增强。
常用的动态代理技术
JDK 代理 : 基于接口的动态代理技术 ,利用拦截器(必须实现invocationHandler )加上反射机制生成一个代理接口的匿名类,在调用具体方法前调用InvokeHandler来处理,从而实现方法增强CGLIB代理 :基于父类的动态代理技术 ,动态生成一个要代理的子类,子类重写要代理的类的所有不是final的方法 。在子类中采用方法拦截技术拦截所有的父类方法的调用,顺势织入横切逻辑,对方法进行增强
JDK动态代理
Proxy.newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces,InvocationHandler h)
ClassLoader loader
:类加载器 借助被代理对象获取到的类加载器Class<?>[] interfaces
:被代理类所需要实现的全部接口InvocationHandler h
:当代理对象调用接口中的任意方法 那么都会执行InvocationHandler中的invoke
代码实现
@Repository ( "accountDao" )
public class AccountDaoImpl implements AccountDao {
@Autowired
private QueryRunner queryRunner;
@Autowired
private ConnectionUtils connectionUtils;
@Override
public void out ( String outUser, Double money) {
String sql = "update account set money = money - ? where name = ?" ;
try {
queryRunner. update ( connectionUtils. getThreadConnection ( ) , sql, money, outUser) ;
} catch ( SQLException e) {
e. printStackTrace ( ) ;
}
}
@Override
public void in ( String inUser, Double money) {
String sql = "update account set money = money + ? where name = ?" ;
try {
queryRunner. update ( connectionUtils. getThreadConnection ( ) , sql, money, inUser) ;
} catch ( SQLException e) {
e. printStackTrace ( ) ;
}
}
}
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
@Autowired
private AccountDao accountDao;
@Override
public void transfer ( String outUser, String inUser, Double money) {
accountDao. out ( outUser, money) ;
accountDao. in ( inUser, money) ;
}
}
@Component
public class ConnectionUtils {
@Autowired
private DataSource dataSource;
private ThreadLocal< Connection> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal < > ( ) ;
public Connection getThreadConnection ( ) {
Connection connection = threadLocal. get ( ) ;
if ( connection == null) {
try {
connection = dataSource. getConnection ( ) ;
threadLocal. set ( connection) ;
} catch ( SQLException e) {
e. printStackTrace ( ) ;
}
}
return connection;
}
public void removeThreadConnection ( ) {
threadLocal. remove ( ) ;
}
}
@Component
public class TransactionManager {
@Autowired
private ConnectionUtils connectionUtils;
public void beginTransaction ( ) {
Connection connection = connectionUtils. getThreadConnection ( ) ;
try {
connection. setAutoCommit ( false ) ;
} catch ( SQLException e) {
e. printStackTrace ( ) ;
}
}
public void commit ( ) {
Connection connection = connectionUtils. getThreadConnection ( ) ;
try {
connection. commit ( ) ;
} catch ( SQLException e) {
e. printStackTrace ( ) ;
}
}
public void rollback ( ) {
Connection connection = connectionUtils. getThreadConnection ( ) ;
try {
connection. rollback ( ) ;
} catch ( SQLException e) {
e. printStackTrace ( ) ;
}
}
public void release ( ) {
Connection connection = connectionUtils. getThreadConnection ( ) ;
try {
connection. setAutoCommit ( true ) ;
connectionUtils. getThreadConnection ( ) . close ( ) ;
connectionUtils. removeThreadConnection ( ) ;
} catch ( SQLException e) {
e. printStackTrace ( ) ;
}
}
}
@Component
public class JDkProxyFactory {
@Autowired
private AccountService accountService;
@Autowired
private TransactionManager transactionManager;
public AccountService createAccountServiceJDKProxy ( ) {
AccountService accountServiceProxy = ( AccountService) Proxy. newProxyInstance ( accountService. getClass ( ) . getClassLoader ( ) , accountService. getClass ( ) . getInterfaces ( ) , new InvocationHandler ( ) {
@Override
public Object invoke ( Object proxy, Method method, Object[ ] args) throws Throwable {
try {
if ( method. getName ( ) . equals ( "transfer" ) ) {
transactionManager. beginTransaction ( ) ;
System. out. println ( "进行了前置增强" ) ;
method. invoke ( accountService, args) ;
System. out. println ( "进行了后置增强" ) ;
transactionManager. commit ( ) ;
} else {
method. invoke ( accountService, args) ;
}
} catch ( Exception e) {
e. printStackTrace ( ) ;
transactionManager. rollback ( ) ;
} finally {
transactionManager. release ( ) ;
}
return null;
}
} ) ;
return accountServiceProxy;
}
}
@RunWith ( SpringJUnit4ClassRunner. class )
@ContextConfiguration ( { "classpath:applicationContext.xml" } )
public class AccountServiceTest {
@Autowired
private AccountService accountService;
@Autowired
private JDkProxyFactory jDkProxyFactory;
@Autowired
private CglibProxyFactory cglibProxyFactory;
@Test
public void testTransferProxyJDK ( ) {
AccountService accountServiceJDKProxy = jDkProxyFactory. createAccountServiceJDKProxy ( ) ;
accountServiceJDKProxy. transfer ( "tom" , "jerry" , 100d ) ;
}
}
Cglib动态代理
Enhancer.create(x,y)
参数一:目标类的字节码对象 参数二: 动作类 当代理对象调用目标对象中的原方法时会执行intercept方法
代码实现
@Component
public class CglibProxyFactory {
@Autowired
private AccountService accountService;
@Autowired
private TransactionManager transactionManager;
public AccountService createAccountServiceCglibProxy ( ) {
AccountService accountServiceProxy = ( AccountService) Enhancer. create ( accountService. getClass ( ) , new MethodInterceptor ( ) {
@Override
public Object intercept ( Object o, Method method, Object[ ] objects, MethodProxy methodProxy) throws Throwable {
try {
transactionManager. beginTransaction ( ) ;
method. invoke ( accountService, objects) ;
transactionManager. commit ( ) ;
} catch ( Exception e) {
e. printStackTrace ( ) ;
transactionManager. rollback ( ) ;
} finally {
transactionManager. release ( ) ;
}
return null;
}
} ) ;
return accountServiceProxy;
}
}
@RunWith ( SpringJUnit4ClassRunner. class )
@ContextConfiguration ( { "classpath:applicationContext.xml" } )
public class AccountServiceTest {
@Autowired
private AccountService accountService;
@Autowired
private JDkProxyFactory jDkProxyFactory;
@Autowired
private CglibProxyFactory cglibProxyFactory;
@Test
public void testTransferProxyCglib ( ) {
AccountService accountServiceCglibProxy = cglibProxyFactory. createAccountServiceCglibProxy ( ) ;
accountServiceCglibProxy. transfer ( "tom" , "jerry" , 100d ) ;
}
}
SpringAOP
AOP 为 Aspect Oriented Programming 的缩写,意思为面向切面编程 AOP 是 OOP(面向对象编程) 的延续 ,是软件开发中的一个热点,也是Spring框架中的一个重要内容,利用AOP可以对业务逻辑的各个部分进行隔离 ,从而使得业务逻辑各部分之间的耦合度降低,提高程序的可重用性,同时提高了开发的效率 。 好处:
在程序运行期间,在不修改源码的情况下对方法进行功能增强 逻辑清晰,开发核心业务的时候,不必关注增强业务的代码 减少重复代码,提高开发效率,便于后期维护
AOP底层实现
实际上,AOP 的底层是通过 Spring 提供的的动态代理技术实现的。在运行期间,Spring通过动态代理技术动态的生成代理对象 ,代理对象方法执行时进行增强功能的介入 ,在去调用目标对象的方法,从而完成功能的增强。
AOP相关术语
Spring 的 AOP 实现底层就是对上面的动态代理的代码进行了封装 ,封装后我们只需要对需要关注的部分进行代码编写,并通过配置的方式完成指定目标的方法增强。 Target(目标对象) :代理的目标对象Proxy (代理) :一个类被 AOP 织入增强后,就产生一个结果代理类Joinpoint(连接点) :所谓连接点是指那些可以被拦截到的点。在spring中,这些点指的是方法,因为 spring只支持方法类型的连接点Pointcut(切入点) :所谓切入点是指我们要对哪些 Joinpoint 进行拦截的定义Advice(通知/ 增强) :所谓通知是指拦截到 Joinpoint 之后所要做的事情就是通知 分类:前置通知、后置通知、异常通知、最终通知、环绕通知Aspect(切面) :是切入点和通知(引介)的结合Weaving(织入) :是指把增强应用到目标对象来创建新的代理对象的过程。spring采用动态代理织 入,而AspectJ采用编译期织入和类装载期织入
AOP开发明确事项
开发阶段(程序员需要做的)
编写核心业务代码(目标类的目标方法) 切入点 把公用代码抽取出来,制作成通知(增强功能方法) 通知 在配置文件中,声明切入点与通知间的关系,即切面 运行阶段(Spring框架完成的)
Spring 框架监控切入点方法的执行 。一旦监控到切入点方法被运行,使用代理机制,动态创建目标对象的代理对象 ,根据通知类别,在代理对象的对应位置,将通知对应的功能织入 ,完成完整的代码逻辑运行。 底层代理实现
在 Spring 中,框架会根据目标类是否实现了接口来决定采用哪种动态代理的方式。 当bean实现接口时,会用JDK代理模式 当bean没有实现接口,用cglib实现 可以强制使用cglib(在spring配置中加入<aop:aspectjautoproxy proxyt-target-class=”true”/>
基于xml的AOP开发
< dependencies>
< dependency>
< groupId> org.springframework</ groupId>
< artifactId> spring-context</ artifactId>
< version> 5.1.5.RELEASE</ version>
</ dependency>
< dependency>
< groupId> org.aspectj</ groupId>
< artifactId> aspectjweaver</ artifactId>
< version> 1.8.13</ version>
</ dependency>
< dependency>
< groupId> org.springframework</ groupId>
< artifactId> spring-test</ artifactId>
< version> 5.1.5.RELEASE</ version>
</ dependency>
< dependency>
< groupId> junit</ groupId>
< artifactId> junit</ artifactId>
< version> 4.12</ version>
</ dependency>
</ dependencies>
public interface AccountService {
public void transfer ( ) ;
}
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
public void transfer ( ) {
System. out. println ( "转账方法 执行了" ) ;
}
}
public class MyAdvice {
public void before ( ) {
System. out. println ( "前置通知执行了" ) ;
}
public void afterReturn ( ) {
System. out. println ( "后置通知执行了" ) ;
}
public void afterThrowing ( ) {
System. out. println ( "异常通知执行了" ) ;
}
public void after ( ) {
System. out. println ( "最终通知执行了" ) ;
}
public void around ( ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint) {
Object proceed= null;
try {
System. out. println ( "前置通知执行了" ) ;
proceed = proceedingJoinPoint. proceed ( ) ;
System. out. println ( "后置通知执行了" ) ;
} catch ( Throwable throwable) {
throwable. printStackTrace ( ) ;
System. out. println ( "异常通知执行了" ) ;
} finally {
System. out. println ( "最终通知执行了" ) ;
}
}
}
< bean id = " accountService" class = " com.lagou.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl" > </ bean>
< bean id = " myAdvice" class = " com.lagou.advice.MyAdvice" > </ bean>
< aop: config>
< aop: pointcut id = " myPointCut" expression = " execution(public void com.lagou.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl.transfer())" />
< aop: aspect ref = " myAdvice" >
< aop: before method = " before" pointcut-ref = " myPointCut" />
< aop: after-returning method = " afterReturn" pointcut-ref = " myPointCut" />
< aop: after-throwing method = " afterThrowing" pointcut-ref = " myPointCut" />
< aop: after method = " after" pointcut-ref = " myPointCut" />
< aop: around method = " around" pointcut-ref = " myPointCut" />
</ aop: aspect>
</ aop: config>
@RunWith ( SpringJUnit4ClassRunner. class )
@ContextConfiguration ( { "classpath:applicationContext.xml" } )
public class AccountServiceTest {
@Autowired
private AccountService accountService;
@Test
public void test ( ) {
accountService. transfer ( ) ;
}
}
XML配置AOP详解
切点表达式
execution([修饰符] 返回值类型 包名.类名.方法名(参数))
execution([修饰符] 返回值类型 包名.类名.方法名(参数))
execution(public void com.lagou.servlet.impl.AccountServiceImpl.transfer(java.lang.String))
- 访问修饰符可以省略
execution(void com.lagou.servlet.impl.AccountServiceImpl.transfer(java.lang.String))
- 返回值类型、包名、类名、方法名可以使用星号 * 代替,代表任意
execution(* *.*.*.*.*.*())
- 包名与类名之间一个点 . 代表当前包下的类,两个点 .. 表示当前包及其子包下的类
execution(* *..*.*())
- 参数列表可以使用两个点 .. 表示任意个数,任意类型的参数列表
execution(* *..*.*(..))
切点表达式抽取
< aop: pointcut id = " myPointcut" expression = " execution(* com.lagou.service..*.* (..))" >
</ aop: pointcut>
通知类型
配置语法 <aop:通知类型 method=“通知类中方法名” pointcut=“切点表达式"></aop:通知类型>
通知类型 说明 前置通知 <aop:before>
用于配置前置通知。指定增强的方法在切入点方法之前执行 后置通知<aop:afterReturning>
用于配置后置通知。指定增强的方法在切入点方法之后执行 异常通知<aop:afterThrowing>
用于配置异常通知。指定增强的方法出现异常后执行 最终通知<aop:after>
无论切入点方法执行时是否有异常,都会执行 环绕通知<aop:around>
开发者可以手动控制增强代码在什么时候执行
基于注解的AOP开发
@Service
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
public void transfer ( ) {
System. out. println ( "转账方法 执行了" ) ;
}
}
@Component
@Aspect
public class MyAdvice {
@Pointcut ( "execution(* com.lagou.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl.*(..))" )
public void myPoint ( ) {
}
@Before ( "MyAdvice.myPoint()" )
public void before ( ) {
System. out. println ( "前置通知执行了" ) ;
}
@AfterReturning ( "MyAdvice.myPoint()" )
public void afterReturn ( ) {
System. out. println ( "后置通知执行了" ) ;
}
@AfterThrowing ( "MyAdvice.myPoint()" )
public void afterThrowing ( ) {
System. out. println ( "异常通知执行了" ) ;
}
@After ( "MyAdvice.myPoint()" )
public void after ( ) {
System. out. println ( "最终通知执行了" ) ;
}
public void around ( ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint) {
Object proceed= null;
try {
System. out. println ( "前置通知执行了" ) ;
proceed = proceedingJoinPoint. proceed ( ) ;
System. out. println ( "后置通知执行了" ) ;
} catch ( Throwable throwable) {
throwable. printStackTrace ( ) ;
System. out. println ( "异常通知执行了" ) ;
} finally {
System. out. println ( "最终通知执行了" ) ;
}
}
}
注解配置AOP详解
切点表达式抽取
@Pointcut ( "execution(* com.lagou..*.*(..))" )
public void myPoint ( ) { }
@Before ( "MyAdvice.myPoint()" )
public void before ( ) {
System. out. println ( "前置通知..." ) ;
}
通知类型
通知类型 说明 前置通知 @Before
用于配置前置通知。指定增强的方法在切入点方法之前执行 后置通知@AfterReturning
用于配置后置通知。指定增强的方法在切入点方法之后执行 异常通知@AfterThrowing
用于配置异常通知。指定增强的方法出现异常后执行 最终通知@After
无论切入点方法执行时是否有异常,都会执行 环绕通知@Around
开发者可以手动控制增强代码在什么时候执行
注意 :当前四个通知组合在一起时,执行顺序如下:
@Before -> @After -> @AfterReturning(如果有异常:@AfterThrowing)
纯注解配置
@Configuration
@ComponentScan ( "com.lagou" )
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy
public class SpringConfig {
}
其中@EnableAspectJAutoProxy
代替 <aop:aspectj-autoproxy />
标签
AOPxml优化转账案例
@Component ( "transactionManager" )
public class TransactionManager {
@Autowired
private ConnectionUtils connectionUtils;
public void beginTransaction ( ) {
Connection connection = connectionUtils. getThreadConnection ( ) ;
try {
connection. setAutoCommit ( false ) ;
} catch ( SQLException e) {
e. printStackTrace ( ) ;
}
}
public void commit ( ) {
Connection connection = connectionUtils. getThreadConnection ( ) ;
try {
connection. commit ( ) ;
} catch ( SQLException e) {
e. printStackTrace ( ) ;
}
}
public void rollback ( ) {
Connection connection = connectionUtils. getThreadConnection ( ) ;
try {
connection. rollback ( ) ;
} catch ( SQLException e) {
e. printStackTrace ( ) ;
}
}
public void release ( ) {
Connection connection = connectionUtils. getThreadConnection ( ) ;
try {
connection. setAutoCommit ( true ) ;
connectionUtils. getThreadConnection ( ) . close ( ) ;
connectionUtils. removeThreadConnection ( ) ;
} catch ( SQLException e) {
e. printStackTrace ( ) ;
}
}
}
< ? xml version= "1.0" encoding= "UTF-8" ? >
< beans xmlns= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns: xsi= "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns: context= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns: aop= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi: schemaLocation= "
http: / / www. springframework. org/ schema/ beans
http: / / www. springframework. org/ schema/ beans/ spring- beans. xsd
http: / / www. springframework. org/ schema/ context
http: / / www. springframework. org/ schema/ context/ spring- context. xsd
http: / / www. springframework. org/ schema/ aop
http: / / www. springframework. org/ schema/ aop/ spring- aop. xsd
">
< ! -- 开启注解扫描 -- >
< context: component- scan base- package = "com.lagou" > < / context: component- scan>
< ! -- 引入properties -- >
< context: property- placeholder location= "classpath:jdbc.properties" > < / context: property- placeholder>
< ! -- 配置DATa Source-- >
< bean id= "dataSource" class = "com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" >
< property name= "driverClassName" value= "${jdbc.driverClassName}" / >
< property name= "url" value= "${jdbc.url}" / >
< property name= "username" value= "${jdbc.username}" / >
< property name= "password" value= "${jdbc.password}" / >
< / bean>
< ! -- 配置queryRunner -- >
< bean id= "queryRunner" class = "org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner" >
< constructor- arg name= "ds" ref= "dataSource" / >
< / bean>
< ! -- AOP配置 -- >
< aop: config>
< ! -- 切点表达式 -- >
< aop: pointcut id= "myPointcut" expression= "execution(* com.lagou.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl.*(..))" / >
< ! -- 配置切面 -- >
< aop: aspect ref= "transactionManager" >
< aop: before method= "beginTransaction" pointcut- ref= "myPointcut" / >
< aop: after- returning method= "commit" pointcut- ref= "myPointcut" / >
< aop: after- throwing method= "rollback" pointcut- ref= "myPointcut" / >
< aop: after method= "release" pointcut- ref= "myPointcut" / >
< / aop: aspect>
< / aop: config>
< / beans>
AOP注解优化转账案例
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
< beans xmlns = " http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns: xsi= " http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns: context= " http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns: aop= " http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi: schemaLocation= "
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
" >
< context: component-scan base-package = " com.lagou" > </ context: component-scan>
< context: property-placeholder location = " classpath:jdbc.properties" > </ context: property-placeholder>
< bean id = " dataSource" class = " com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" >
< property name = " driverClassName" value = " ${jdbc.driverClassName}" />
< property name = " url" value = " ${jdbc.url}" />
< property name = " username" value = " ${jdbc.username}" />
< property name = " password" value = " ${jdbc.password}" />
</ bean>
< bean id = " queryRunner" class = " org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner" >
< constructor-arg name = " ds" ref = " dataSource" />
</ bean>
</ beans>
@Component
@Aspect
public class TransactionManager {
@Autowired ConnectionUtils connectionUtils;
@Around ( "execution(* com.lagou.serivce..*.*(..))" )
public Object around ( ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) {
Object object = null;
try {
connectionUtils. getThreadConnection ( ) . setAutoCommit ( false ) ;
pjp. proceed ( ) ;
connectionUtils. getThreadConnection ( ) . commit ( ) ;
} catch ( Throwable throwable) {
throwable. printStackTrace ( ) ;
try {
connectionUtils. getThreadConnection ( ) . rollback ( ) ;
}
catch ( SQLException e) {
e. printStackTrace ( ) ;
}
} finally {
try {
connectionUtils. getThreadConnection ( ) . setAutoCommit ( true ) ;
connectionUtils. getThreadConnection ( ) . close ( ) ;
connectionUtils. removeThreadConnection ( ) ; }
catch ( SQLException e) {
e. printStackTrace ( ) ;
}
}
return object;
}
}