8. 通知
Notification代表具有全局效果的通知,NotificationManager则是用来发送Notification通知的系统服务。
8.1 使用通知
tips:Android O 即API26 以上版本使用通知就需要为通知添加一个channel
通知的方法详解
可以单独设置,也可以写在连缀方法中
- Notification.Builder()方法:
- setContentTitle(): 指定通知的标题内容
- setContentText():指定通知的正文内容
- setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis()):指定通知被创建的时间,当下拉系统状态栏时,指定的时间会显示在相应的通知上
- setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher):设置通知的小图标,显示在状态栏上
- setChannelId(channel_id):设置channel的id
- setLargeIcon(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(),R.mipmap.ic_launcher)):设置通知的大图标
- setAutoCancel(true):点击通知后将通知取消显示
- setContentIntent(pi):构建一个延迟执行的意图,当点击通知时进行执行,传入PendingIntent
- setSound(Uri.fromFile(new File(path))):在通知发出时播放一段音频
- setVibrate(new long[]{0,1000,1000,1000}):设置通知来临时的振动
- 下标为0的值表示手机静止的时长
- 下标为1的值表示手机振动时长
- 下标为2的值表示手机静止的时长 以此类推
- setLights(Color.GREEN,1000,1000):
- 第一个参数指定LED灯的颜色
- 第二个参数指定LED灯亮起的时长
- 第三个参数用于指定LED灯暗去的时长
- setDefaults(NotificationCompat.DEFAULT_ALL):使用通知的默认效果,根据当前手机的环境来决定播放铃声以及振动
- setStyle(new Notification.BigTextStyle().bigText():在通知中显示长文字
- setStyle(new Notification.BigPictureStyle().bigPicture((BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(),R.drawable.图片名)))):在通知中显示图片
- setPriority():设置通知的优先级
- PRIORITY_DEFAULT:默认重要程度,和不设置一样
- PRIORITY_MIN:最低
- PRIORITY_LOW:较低
- PRIORITY_HIGH:较高
- PRIORITY_MAX: 最高
- 最后调用build()方法完成构建
取消通知:
- 一种方法是直接写在连缀方法中使用setAutoCancel()方法
- 一种是在目标活动中调用NotificationManager的cancel()方法取消
代码示例:
//channel的id
String channelId = "channel_1";
//channel的name,作为标识
String name = "channel";
NotificationManager manager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
//创建channel
NotificationChannel channel = new NotificationChannel(channelId,name,NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_DEFAULT);
manager.createNotificationChannel(channel);
//创建启动其他Activity的Intent,当点击通知时就会跳转到目标Activity
//不需要跳转操作就写当前Activity
Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this,NotificationActivity.class);
PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(MainActivity.this,0,intent,0);
Notification notification = new Notification.Builder(MainActivity.this)
.setContentTitle("This is content title")
.setContentText("This is content text")
.setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis())
.setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
.setChannelId(channelId)
.setContentIntent(pi)
.setAutoCancel(true)
.setSound(Uri.fromFile(new File("/system/media/audio/ringtones/Luna.ogg"))) //播放系统音频
.setLargeIcon(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(),R.mipmap.ic_launcher))
.setVibrate(new long[]{0,1000,1000,1000})
.setLights(Color.GREEN,1000,1000)
.setDefaults(NotificationCompat.DEFAULT_ALL)
.setStyle(new Notification.BigTextStyle().bigText("长文本"))
.setStyle(new Notification.BigPictureStyle().bigPicture((BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(),R.drawable.img2))))
.setPriority(NotificationCompat.PRIORITY_MAX)
.build();
//显示通知 第一个参数为指定id,第二个参数为通知的对象
manager.notify(1,notification);
8.2 调用摄像头和拍照
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
public static final int TAKE_PHOTO = 1;
private ImageView picture;
private Uri imageUri;
public static final int CHOOSE_PHOTO = 2;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Button takePhoto = (Button)findViewById(R.id.take_photo);
picture = (ImageView)findViewById(R.id.picture);
Button chooseFromAlbum = (Button)findViewById(R.id.choose_from_album);
chooseFromAlbum.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},1);
}else{
openAlbum();
}
}
});
takePhoto.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
//创建File对象,用于存储拍照后的图片
File outPutImage = new File(getExternalCacheDir(),"output_image.jpg");
try {
if(outPutImage.exists()){
outPutImage.delete();
}
outPutImage.createNewFile();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 24){
imageUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(MainActivity.this,"com.example.cameraalbumtest.fileprovider",outPutImage);
}else{
imageUri = Uri.fromFile(outPutImage);
}
//启动相机程序
Intent intent = new Intent("android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE");
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT,imageUri);
startActivityForResult(intent,TAKE_PHOTO);
}
});
}
private void openAlbum() {
Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.GET_CONTENT");
intent.setType("image/*");
startActivityForResult(intent,CHOOSE_PHOTO); //打开相册
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
switch (requestCode){
case 1:
if(grantResults.length>0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
openAlbum();
}else{
Toast.makeText(this, "You denied the permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
switch(requestCode){
case TAKE_PHOTO:
if(resultCode == RESULT_OK){
try {
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(getContentResolver().openInputStream(imageUri));
picture.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
break;
case CHOOSE_PHOTO:
if(resultCode == RESULT_OK){
//判断手机系统版本号
if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19){
// 4.4及以上系统使用这个方法处理图片
handleImageOnKitKat(data);
}else{
// 4.4以下系统使用这个方法处理图片
handleImageBeforeKitKat(data);
}
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT)
private void handleImageOnKitKat(Intent data) {
String imagePath = null;
Uri uri = data.getData();
if(DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(this,uri)){
//如果是document类型的Uri,则通过document id 处理
String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
if("com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())){
String id = docId.split(":")[1]; //解析出数字格式的id
String selection = MediaStore.Images.Media._ID+"="+id;
imagePath = getImagePath(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,selection);
}else if("com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())){
Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"),Long.valueOf(docId));
imagePath = getImagePath(contentUri,null);
}
}else if("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())){
//如果是content类型的Uri,则使用普通处理方式
imagePath = getImagePath(uri,null);
}else if("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())){
//如果是file类型的Uri,直接获取图片路径即可
imagePath = uri.getPath();
}
displayImage(imagePath);//根据图片路径显示图片
}
private void displayImage(String imagePath) {
if(imagePath != null){
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imagePath);
picture.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
}else{
Toast.makeText(this, "failed to get image", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
private String getImagePath(Uri uri, String selection) {
String path = null;
//通过uri和selection来获取真是的图片路径
Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri,null,selection,null,null);
if(cursor!=null){
if(cursor.moveToFirst()){
path = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA));
}
cursor.close();
}
return path;
}
private void handleImageBeforeKitKat(Intent data) {
Uri uri = data.getData();
String imagePath = getImagePath(uri,null);
displayImage(imagePath);
}
}
8.3 播放音频
使用MediaPlayer类,音频播放方法详解:
- setDataSource(): 设置要播放的音频文件的位置
- prepare():再开始播放前调用完成准备工作
- start():开始或继续播放
- pause():暂停播放
- reset():将MediaPlayer重置为刚刚创建的状态
- seekTo():从指定的位置开始播放
- stop():停止播放,调用此方法后MediaPlayer对象无法再次播放
- release():释放MediaPlayer对象资源
- isPlaying:判断当前是否正在播放音频
- getDuration():获取载入的音频文件的时长
流程:
- 创建MediaPlayer对象,调用setDataSource()方法设置要播放的音频文件的位置
- 紧接着调用 prepare()方法
- 调用start()或pause()或reset()
- 在销毁页面时调用stop()和release()方法
代码示例:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private MediaPlayer mediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer();
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Button play = (Button)findViewById(R.id.play);
Button pause = (Button)findViewById(R.id.pause);
Button stop = (Button)findViewById(R.id.stop);
play.setOnClickListener(listener);
pause.setOnClickListener(listener);
stop.setOnClickListener(listener);
if(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},1);
}else{
initMediaPlayer(); //初始化MediaPlayer
}
}
private void initMediaPlayer() {
File filesDir = getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_MUSIC);
File file = new File(filesDir,"mymusic.mp3"); //读取音频文件
Log.d("MainActivity",file.exists()+""+file.getAbsolutePath());
try {
mediaPlayer.setDataSource(file.getPath()); //指定音频文件的路径
mediaPlayer.prepare(); //让MediaPlayer进入到准备状态
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
switch (requestCode){
case 1:
if(grantResults.length>0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
initMediaPlayer();
}else{
Toast.makeText(this, "拒绝权限将无法使用程序", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
View.OnClickListener listener = new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()){
case R.id.play:
if(!mediaPlayer.isPlaying()){
mediaPlayer.start(); //开始播放
Log.d("MainActivity","playing");
}
break;
case R.id.pause:
if(mediaPlayer.isPlaying()){
mediaPlayer.pause(); //暂停播放
}
break;
case R.id.stop:
if(mediaPlayer.isPlaying()){
mediaPlayer.reset(); //停止播放
initMediaPlayer();
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
};
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
if(mediaPlayer!=null){
mediaPlayer.stop();
mediaPlayer.release();
}
}
}
8.4 播放视频
使用VideoView类,视频播放方法详解:
- setVideoPath(): 设置要播放的视频文件的位置
- start():开始或继续播放
- pause():暂停播放
- resume():将视频重头开始播放
- seekTo():从指定的位置开始播放
- isPlaying:判断当前是否正在播放视频
- getDuration():获取载入的视频文件的时长
流程:
- 创建VideoView对象,调用setVideoPath()方法设置要播放的视频文件的位置
- 调用start()或pause()或resume()
- 在销毁页面时调用suspend()方法
代码示例:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private VideoView videoView;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Button play = (Button)findViewById(R.id.play);
Button pause = (Button)findViewById(R.id.pause);
Button replay = (Button)findViewById(R.id.replay);
videoView = (VideoView)findViewById(R.id.video);
play.setOnClickListener(listener);
pause.setOnClickListener(listener);
replay.setOnClickListener(listener);
if(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},1);
}else{
initVideoPath(); //初始化VideoView
}
}
private void initVideoPath() {
File filesDir = getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_MOVIES);
File file = new File(filesDir,"movie.mp4");
Log.d("MainActivity",file.exists()+""+file.getAbsolutePath());
videoView.setVideoPath(file.getPath()); //指定视频文件的路径
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
switch (requestCode){
case 1:
if(grantResults.length>0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
initVideoPath();
}else{
Toast.makeText(this, "拒绝权限将无法使用程序", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
finish();
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
View.OnClickListener listener = new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()){
case R.id.play:
if(!videoView.isPlaying()){
videoView.start(); //开始播放
Log.d("MainActivity","playing");
}
break;
case R.id.pause:
if(videoView.isPlaying()){
videoView.pause(); //暂停播放
}
break;
case R.id.replay:
if(videoView.isPlaying()){
videoView.resume(); //重新播放
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
};
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
if(videoView!=null){
videoView.suspend();
}
}
}