Hbase-HA(高可用)搭建

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本文详细介绍了在CentOS环境下搭建Hadoop与HBase高可用集群的过程，包括时间同步、主机名映射、防火墙配置、JDK安装、Zookeeper集群设置、HDFS-HA配置、HBase-HA配置等关键步骤。

在这里插入图片描述

基础配置

1.保证所有物理主机的时钟同步。

[root@CentOSX ~]# yum install -y ntp -y （下载时间同步服务器）
[root@CentOSX ~]# ntpdate time.apple.com（时间校对工具）
[root@CentOSA ~]# clock -w （调整RTC时间）

由于Hbase服务器之间需要通过心跳确定服务器是否在正常运行，所以这里在搭建的物理主机的时候一定要确保所有的物理主机的时钟是同步的。

2.为了保证服务器间能够正常通信，通常需要配置

主机名和ip映射关系

[root@CentOSX ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.186.152 CentOSA
192.168.186.153 CentOSB
192.168.186.154 CentOSC

关闭防火墙

[root@CentOSX ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@CentOSX ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@CentOSX ~]# firewall-cmd --state
not running

所有的物理主机安装JDK

[root@CentOSX ~]# rpm -ivh jdk-8u171-linux-x64.rpm
[root@CentOSX ~]# vi .bashrc
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest/
CLASSPATH=.
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export JAVA_HOME
export CLASSPATH
export PATH
[root@CentOSX ~]# source .bashrc

Zookeeper集群

1.上传zookeeper的安装包,并解压在/usr目录下

[root@CentOX ~]# tar -zxf zookeeper-3.4.12.tar.gz -C /usr/

2.配置Zookepeer的zoo.cfg

[root@CentOSX ~]# tar -zxf zookeeper-3.4.12.tar.gz -C /usr/
[root@CentOSX ~]# cd /usr/zookeeper-3.4.12/
[root@CentOSX zookeeper-3.4.12]# cp conf/zoo_sample.cfg conf/zoo.cfg
[root@CentOSX zookeeper-3.4.12]# vi conf/zoo.cfg

# The number of milliseconds of each tick
tickTime=2000
# The number of ticks that the initial
# synchronization phase can take
initLimit=10
# The number of ticks that can pass between
# sending a request and getting an acknowledgement
syncLimit=5
# the directory where the snapshot is stored.
# do not use /tmp for storage, /tmp here is just
# example sakes.
dataDir=/root/zkdata
# the port at which the clients will connect
clientPort=2181
# the maximum number of client connections.
# increase this if you need to handle more clients
#maxClientCnxns=60
#
# Be sure to read the maintenance section of the
# administrator guide before turning on autopurge.
#
# http://zookeeper.apache.org/doc/current/zookeeperAdmin.html#sc_maintenance
#
# The number of snapshots to retain in dataDir
#autopurge.snapRetainCount=3
# Purge task interval in hours
# Set to "0" to disable auto purge feature
#autopurge.purgeInterval=1
server.1=CentOSA:2888:3888
server.2=CentOSB:2888:3888
server.3=CentOSC:2888:3888

3.创建zookeeper的数据目录

[root@CentOSX ~]# mkdir /root/zkdata

4.在CentOSA/B/C的zookeeper的datadir分别创建myid文件

[root@CentOSA ~]# echo 1 > /root/zkdata/myid
[root@CentOSB ~]# echo 2 > /root/zkdata/myid
[root@CentOSC ~]# echo 3 > /root/zkdata/myid

5.启动zookeeper服务

[root@CentOSX ~]# cd /usr/zookeeper-3.4.12/
[root@CentOSX zookeeper-3.4.12]# ./bin/zkServer.sh start zoo.cfg
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default
Using config: /usr/zookeeper-3.4.12/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Starting zookeeper ... STARTED
[root@CentOSX zookeeper-3.4.12]# ./bin/zkServer.sh status zoo.cfg
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default
Using config: /usr/zookeeper-3.4.12/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Mode: leader|folower

HDFS-HA

1.解压Hadoop安装包到/usr目录下，并且需要配置HADOOP_HOME

[root@CentOSX ~]# tar -zxf hadoop-2.9.2.tar.gz -C /usr/
[root@CentOSX ~]# vi .bashrc
HADOOP_HOME=/usr/hadoop-2.9.2
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest/
CLASSPATH=.
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin
export JAVA_HOME
export CLASSPATH
export PATH
export HADOOP_HOME
[root@CentOSX ~]# source .bashrc
[root@CentOSX ~]# hadoop classpath
/usr/hadoop-2.9.2/etc/hadoop:/usr/hadoop-2.9.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/*:/usr/hadoop-2.9.2/share/hadoop/common/*:/usr/hadoop-2.9.2/share/hadoop/hdfs:/usr/hadoop-2.9.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/*:/usr/hadoop-2.9.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/*:/usr/hadoop-2.9.2/share/hadoop/yarn:/usr/hadoop-2.9.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/*:/usr/hadoop-2.9.2/share/hadoop/yarn/*:/usr/hadoop-2.9.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/*:/usr/hadoop-2.9.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/*:/usr/hadoop-2.9.2/contrib/capacity-scheduler/*.jar

2.配置core-site.xml

<property>
  <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
  <value>hdfs://mycluster</value>
</property>

<property>
  <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
  <value>/usr/hadoop-2.9.2/hadoop-${user.name}</value>
</property>

<property>
	<name>ha.zookeeper.quorum</name>
  <value>CentOSA:2181,CentOSB:2181,CentOSC:2181</value>
</property>

3.配置hdfs-site.xml

<!--指定hdfs的nameservice为ns，需要和core-site.xml中的保持一致 -->
<property>
    <name>dfs.nameservices</name>
    <value>mycluster</value>
</property>
<!-- ns下面有两个NameNode，分别是nn1，nn2 -->
<property>
    <name>dfs.ha.namenodes.mycluster</name>
    <value>nn1,nn2</value>
</property>
<!-- nn1的RPC通信地址 -->
<property>
    <name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.mycluster.nn1</name>
    <value>CentOSA:9000</value>
</property>
<!-- nn2的RPC通信地址 -->
<property>
    <name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.mycluster.nn2</name>
    <value>CentOSB:9000</value>
</property>

<!-- 指定NameNode的元数据在JournalNode上的存放位置 -->
<property>
    <name>dfs.namenode.shared.edits.dir</name>
    <value>qjournal://CentOSA:8485;CentOSB:8485;CentOSC:8485/mycluster</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定JournalNode在本地磁盘存放数据的位置 -->
<property>
    <name>dfs.journalnode.edits.dir</name>
    <value>/usr/hadoop-2.9.2/hadoop-journaldata</value>
</property>
<!-- 开启NameNode故障时自动切换 -->
<property>
    <name>dfs.ha.automatic-failover.enabled</name>
    <value>true</value>
</property>
<!-- 配置失败自动切换实现方式 -->
<property>
    <name>dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.mycluster</name>
    <value>org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider</value>
</property>
<!-- 配置隔离机制，如果ssh是默认22端口，value直接写sshfence即可 -->
<property>
    <name>dfs.ha.fencing.methods</name>
    <value>sshfence</value>
</property>
<!-- 使用隔离机制时需要ssh免登陆 -->
<property>
    <name>dfs.ha.fencing.ssh.private-key-files</name>
    <value>/root/.ssh/id_rsa</value>
</property>

4.配置三台主机ssh免密码登录

[root@CentOSX ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
[root@CentOSX ~]# ssh-copy-id CentOSA
[root@CentOSX ~]# ssh-copy-id CentOSB
[root@CentOSX ~]# ssh-copy-id CentOSC

5.初始化HDFS-HA

[root@CentOSX ~]# hadoop-daemon.sh start journalnode
[root@CentOSA ~]# hdfs namenode -format
[root@CentOSA ~]# hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode
[root@CentOSB ~]# hdfs namenode -bootstrapStandBy
[root@CentOSB ~]# hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode
[root@CentOSA|B ~]# hdfs zkfc -formatZK
[root@CentOSA ~]# hadoop-daemon.sh start zkfc
[root@CentOSB ~]# hadoop-daemon.sh start zkfc
[root@CentOSX ~]# hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode

HBase-HA

1.解压并配置HBase

[root@CentOSX ~]# tar -zxf hbase-1.2.4-bin.tar.gz -C /usr/

2.,配置Hbase环境变量HBASE_HOME

[root@CentOSX ~]# vi .bashrc 
HBASE_HOME=/usr/hbase-1.2.4
HADOOP_HOME=/usr/hadoop-2.9.2
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest
CLASSPATH=.
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin:$HBASE_HOME/bin
export JAVA_HOME
export CLASSPATH
export PATH
export HADOOP_HOME
export HBASE_HOME

[root@CentOSX ~]# source .bashrc 
[root@CentOSX ~]# hbase classpath # 测试Hbase是否识别Hadoop
/usr/hbase-1.2.4/conf:/usr/java/latest/lib/tools.jar:/usr/hbase-1.2.4:/usr/hbase-1.2.4/lib/activation-1.1.jar:/usr/hbase-1.2.4/lib/aopalliance-1.0.jar:/usr/hbase-1.2.4/lib/apacheds-i18n-2.0.0-M15.jar:/usr/hbase-1.2.4/lib/apacheds-kerberos-codec-2.0.0-M15.jar:/usr/hbase-1.2.4/lib/api-asn1-api-1.0.0-M20.jar:/usr/hbase-1.2.4/lib/api-util-1.0.0-M20.jar:/usr/hbase-1.2.4/lib/asm-3.1.jar:/usr/hbase-1.2.4/lib/avro-
...
1.7.4.jar:/usr/hbase-1.2.4/lib/commons-beanutils-1.7.0.jar:/usr/hbase-1.2.4/lib/commons-
2.9.2/share/hadoop/yarn/*:/usr/hadoop-2.9.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/*:/usr/hadoop-2.9.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/*:/usr/hadoop-2.9.2/contrib/capacity-scheduler/*.jar

3.,配置hbase-site.xml

[root@CentOSX ~]# cd /usr/hbase-1.2.4/
[root@CentOSX hbase-1.2.4]# vi conf/hbase-site.xml

<property>
    <name>hbase.rootdir</name>
    <value>hdfs://mycluster/hbase</value>
</property>
<property>
    <name>hbase.cluster.distributed</name>
    <value>true</value>
</property>
<property>
    <name>hbase.zookeeper.quorum</name>
    <value>CentOSA,CentOSB,CentOSC</value>
</property>
<property>
    <name>hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort</name>
    <value>2181</value>
</property>

4.修改hbase-env.sh,将HBASE_MANAGES_ZK修改为false

[root@CentOSX ~]# cd /usr/hbase-1.2.4/
[root@CentOSX hbase-1.2.4]# grep -i HBASE_MANAGES_ZK conf/hbase-env.sh 
# export HBASE_MANAGES_ZK=true
[root@CentOSX hbase-1.2.4]# vi conf/hbase-env.sh 
export HBASE_MANAGES_ZK=false
[root@CentOSX hbase-1.2.4]# grep -i HBASE_MANAGES_ZK conf/hbase-env.sh 
export HBASE_MANAGES_ZK=false

//export HBASE_MANAGES_ZK=false告知Hbase,使用外部Zookeeper

**5.修改RegionServers **

CentOSA
CentOSB
CentOSC

6.启动Hbase

[root@CentOSX hbase-1.2.4]# ./bin/hbase-daemon.sh start master
[root@CentOSX hbase-1.2.4]# ./bin/hbase-daemon.sh start regionserver

7.验证Hbase安装是否成功

[root@CentOSB hbase-1.2.4]# ./bin/hbase shell
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/hbase-1.2.4/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.5.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/hadoop-2.9.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.25.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerFactory]
HBase Shell; enter 'help<RETURN>' for list of supported commands.
Type "exit<RETURN>" to leave the HBase Shell
Version 1.2.4, rUnknown, Wed Feb 15 18:58:00 CST 2017

hbase(main):001:0> status
1 active master, 2 backup masters, 3 servers, 0 dead, 0.6667 average load