react-router-dom的理解
-
react的一个插件库。
-
专门用来实现一个SPA应用。
-
基于react的项目基本都会用到此库。
react-router-dom相关API
内置组件
-
<BrowserRouter> -
<HashRouter> -
<Route> -
<Redirect> -
<Link> -
<NavLink> -
<Switch>
其它
-
history对象
-
match对象
-
withRouter函数
路由的基本使用
准备
下载react-router-dom:
基本使用
index.js文件
//引入react核心库
import React from 'react'
//引入ReactDOM
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom'
//
import {BrowserRouter} from 'react-router-dom'
//引入App
import App from './App'
ReactDOM.render(
<BrowserRouter>
<App/>
</BrowserRouter>,
document.getElementById('root')
)
App.jsx文件
import React, { Component } from 'react'
import {Link,Route} from 'react-router-dom'
import Home from './components/Home'
import About from './components/About'
export default class App extends Component {
render() {
return (
<div>
<div className="row">
<div className="col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8">
<div className="page-header"><h2>React Router Demo</h2></div>
</div>
</div>
<div className="row">
<div className="col-xs-2 col-xs-offset-2">
<div className="list-group">
{/* 原生html中，靠<a>跳转不同的页面 */}
{/* <a className="list-group-item" href="./about.html">About</a>
<a className="list-group-item active" href="./home.html">Home</a> */}
{/* 在React中靠路由链接实现切换组件--编写路由链接 */}
<Link className="list-group-item" to="/about">About</Link>
<Link className="list-group-item" to="/home">Home</Link>
</div>
</div>
<div className="col-xs-6">
<div className="panel">
<div className="panel-body">
{/* 注册路由 */}
<Route path="/about" component={About}/>
<Route path="/home" component={Home}/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
)
}
}
- 明确界面中的展示区和导航区
- 导航区的
a标签改为linke标签<Link to="/xxx" >Demo</Link>
- 展示区写
Route标签进行路由匹配<Route path="/xxx" component={xxx}>
App最外侧包裹一个<BrowerRouter></BrowerRouter>- 注意以上写法是用于React5及其以下版本
路由组件与一般组件的不同
- 写法不同：
一般组件：<Demo/>
路由组件：<Route path="/demo" component={Demo}/>
- 存放位置不同：
一般组件：components
路由组件：pages
- 接收到的props不同：
一般组件：写组件标签时传递了什么，就能收到什么
路由组件：接收到三个固定的属性
history:
go: ƒ go(n)
goBack: ƒ goBack()
goForward: ƒ goForward()
push: ƒ push(path, state)
replace: ƒ replace(path, state)
location:
pathname: "/about"
search: ""
state: undefined
match:
params: {}
path: "/about"
url: "/about"
Switch的使用
1.通常情况下，path和component是一一对应的关系。
2.Switch可以提高路由匹配效率(单一匹配)。
import React, { Component } from 'react'
import {Route,Switch} from 'react-router-dom'
import Home from './pages/Home' //Home是路由组件
import About from './pages/About' //About是路由组件
import Header from './components/Header' //Header是一般组件
import MyNavLink from './components/MyNavLink'
import Test from './pages/Test'
export default class App extends Component {
render() {
return (
<div>
<div className="row">
<div className="col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8">
<Header/>
</div>
</div>
<div className="row">
<div className="col-xs-2 col-xs-offset-2">
<div className="list-group">
{/* 原生html中，靠<a>跳转不同的页面 */}
{/* <a className="list-group-item" href="./about.html">About</a>
<a className="list-group-item active" href="./home.html">Home</a> */}
{/* 在React中靠路由链接实现切换组件--编写路由链接 */}
<MyNavLink to="/about">About</MyNavLink>
<MyNavLink to="/home">Home</MyNavLink>
</div>
</div>
<div className="col-xs-6">
<div className="panel">
<div className="panel-body">
{/* 注册路由 */}
<Switch>
<Route path="/about" component={About}/>
<Route path="/home" component={Home}/>
<Route path="/home" component={Test}/>
</Switch>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
)
}
}
路由的精准匹配与模糊匹配
-
默认使用的是模糊匹配（简单记：【输入的路径】必须包含要【匹配的路径】，且顺序要一致）
-
开启严格匹配：
<Route exact={true} path="/about" component={About}/> -
严格匹配不要随便开启，需要再开，有些时候开启会导致无法继续匹配二级路由
import React, { Component } from 'react'
import {Route,Switch} from 'react-router-dom'
import Home from './pages/Home' //Home是路由组件
import About from './pages/About' //About是路由组件
import Header from './components/Header' //Header是一般组件
import MyNavLink from './components/MyNavLink'
export default class App extends Component {
render() {
return (
<div>
<div className="row">
<div className="col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8">
<Header/>
</div>
</div>
<div className="row">
<div className="col-xs-2 col-xs-offset-2">
<div className="list-group">
{/* 原生html中，靠<a>跳转不同的页面 */}
{/* <a className="list-group-item" href="./about.html">About</a>
<a className="list-group-item active" href="./home.html">Home</a> */}
{/* 在React中靠路由链接实现切换组件--编写路由链接 */}
<MyNavLink to="/about">About</MyNavLink>
<MyNavLink to="/home/a/b">Home</MyNavLink>
</div>
</div>
<div className="col-xs-6">
<div className="panel">
<div className="panel-body">
{/* 注册路由 */}
<Switch>
<Route exact path="/about" component={About}/>
<Route exact path="/home" component={Home}/>
</Switch>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
)
}
}
Redirect的使用
-
一般写在所有路由注册的最下方，当所有路由都无法匹配时，跳转到Redirect指定的路由
-
具体编码：
<Switch>
<Route path="/about" component={About}/>
<Route path="/home" component={Home}/>
<Redirect to="/about"/>
</Switch>
import React, { Component } from 'react'
import {Route,Switch,Redirect} from 'react-router-dom'
import Home from './pages/Home' //Home是路由组件
import About from './pages/About' //About是路由组件
import Header from './components/Header' //Header是一般组件
import MyNavLink from './components/MyNavLink'
export default class App extends Component {
render() {
return (
<div>
<div className="row">
<div className="col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8">
<Header/>
</div>
</div>
<div className="row">
<div className="col-xs-2 col-xs-offset-2">
<div className="list-group">
{/* 原生html中，靠<a>跳转不同的页面 */}
{/* <a className="list-group-item" href="./about.html">About</a>
<a className="list-group-item active" href="./home.html">Home</a> */}
{/* 在React中靠路由链接实现切换组件--编写路由链接 */}
<MyNavLink to="/about">About</MyNavLink>
<MyNavLink to="/home">Home</MyNavLink>
</div>
</div>
<div className="col-xs-6">
<div className="panel">
<div className="panel-body">
{/* 注册路由 */}
<Switch>
<Route path="/about" component={About}/>
<Route path="/home" component={Home}/>
<Redirect to="/about"/>
</Switch>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
)
}
}
嵌套路由
-
注册子路由时要写上父路由的path值
-
路由的匹配是按照注册路由的顺序进行的
import React, { Component } from 'react'
import MyNavLink from '../../components/MyNavLink'
import {Route,Switch,Redirect} from 'react-router-dom'
import News from './News'
import Message from './Message'
export default class Home extends Component {
render() {
return (
<div>
<h3>我是Home的内容</h3>
<div>
<ul className="nav nav-tabs">
<li>
<MyNavLink to="/home/news">News</MyNavLink>
</li>
<li>
<MyNavLink to="/home/message">Message</MyNavLink>
</li>
</ul>
{/* 注册路由 */}
<Switch>
<Route path="/home/news" component={News}/>
<Route path="/home/message" component={Message}/>
<Redirect to="/home/news"/>
</Switch>
</div>
</div>
)
}
}
向路由组件传递参数
- params参数
路由链接(携带参数)：<Link to='/demo/test/tom/18'}>详情</Link>
注册路由(声明接收)：<Route path="/demo/test/:name/:age" component={Test}/>
接收参数：this.props.match.params
Message组件的代码：
import React, { Component } from 'react'
import {Link,Route} from 'react-router-dom'
import Detail from './Detail'
export default class Message extends Component {
state = {
messageArr:[
{id:'01',title:'消息1'},
{id:'02',title:'消息2'},
{id:'03',title:'消息3'},
]
}
render() {
const {messageArr} = this.state
return (
<div>
<ul>
{
messageArr.map((msgObj)=>{
return (
<li key={msgObj.id}>
{/* 向路由组件传递params参数 */}
<Link to={`/home/message/detail/${msgObj.id}/${msgObj.title}`}>{msgObj.title}</Link>
</li>
)
})
}
</ul>
<hr/>
{/* 声明接收params参数 */}
<Route path="/home/message/detail/:id/:title" component={Detail}/>
</div>
)
}
}
Detail组件的代码
import React, { Component } from 'react'
const DetailData = [
{id:'01',content:'你好，中国'},
{id:'02',content:'你好，尚硅谷'},
{id:'03',content:'你好，未来的自己'}
]
export default class Detail extends Component {
render() {
console.log(this.props);
// 接收params参数
const {id,title} = this.props.match.params
const findResult = DetailData.find((detailObj)=>{
return detailObj.id === id
})
return (
<ul>
<li>ID:{id}</li>
<li>TITLE:{title}</li>
<li>CONTENT:{findResult.content}</li>
</ul>
)
}
}
- search参数
路由链接(携带参数)：<Link to='/demo/test?name=tom&age=18'}>详情</Link>
注册路由(无需声明，正常注册即可)：<Route path="/demo/test" component={Test}/>
接收参数：this.props.location.search
备注：获取到的search是urlencoded编码字符串，需要借助querystring解析
Message组件代码
import React, { Component } from 'react'
import {Link,Route} from 'react-router-dom'
import Detail from './Detail'
export default class Message extends Component {
state = {
messageArr:[
{id:'01',title:'消息1'},
{id:'02',title:'消息2'},
{id:'03',title:'消息3'},
]
}
render() {
const {messageArr} = this.state
return (
<div>
<ul>
{
messageArr.map((msgObj)=>{
return (
<li key={msgObj.id}>
{/* 向路由组件传递params参数 */}
{/* <Link to={`/home/message/detail/${msgObj.id}/${msgObj.title}`}>{msgObj.title}</Link> */}
{/* 向路由组件传递search参数 */}
<Link to={`/home/message/detail/?id=${msgObj.id}&title=${msgObj.title}`}>{msgObj.title}</Link>
</li>
)
})
}
</ul>
<hr/>
{/* 声明接收params参数 */}
{/* <Route path="/home/message/detail/:id/:title" component={Detail}/> */}
{/* search参数无需声明接收，正常注册路由即可 */}
<Route path="/home/message/detail" component={Detail}/>
</div>
)
}
}
Detail组件的代码
import React, { Component } from 'react'
import qs from 'querystring'
const DetailData = [
{id:'01',content:'你好，中国'},
{id:'02',content:'你好，尚硅谷'},
{id:'03',content:'你好，未来的自己'}
]
export default class Detail extends Component {
render() {
console.log(this.props);
// 接收params参数
// const {id,title} = this.props.match.params
// 接收search参数
const {search} = this.props.location
const {id,title} = qs.parse(search.slice(1))
const findResult = DetailData.find((detailObj)=>{
return detailObj.id === id
})
return (
<ul>
<li>ID:{id}</li>
<li>TITLE:{title}</li>
<li>CONTENT:{findResult.content}</li>
</ul>
)
}
}
- state参数
路由链接(携带参数)：<Link to={{pathname:'/demo/test',state:{name:'tom',age:18}}}>详情</Link>
注册路由(无需声明，正常注册即可)：<Route path="/demo/test" component={Test}/>
接收参数：this.props.location.state
备注：刷新也可以保留住参数
Message组件代码
import React, { Component } from 'react'
import {Link,Route} from 'react-router-dom'
import Detail from './Detail'
export default class Message extends Component {
state = {
messageArr:[
{id:'01',title:'消息1'},
{id:'02',title:'消息2'},
{id:'03',title:'消息3'},
]
}
render() {
const {messageArr} = this.state
return (
<div>
<ul>
{
messageArr.map((msgObj)=>{
return (
<li key={msgObj.id}>
{/* 向路由组件传递params参数 */}
{/* <Link to={`/home/message/detail/${msgObj.id}/${msgObj.title}`}>{msgObj.title}</Link> */}
{/* 向路由组件传递search参数 */}
{/* <Link to={`/home/message/detail/?id=${msgObj.id}&title=${msgObj.title}`}>{msgObj.title}</Link> */}
{/* 向路由组件传递state参数 */}
<Link to={{pathname:'/home/message/detail',state:{id:msgObj.id,title:msgObj.title}}}>{msgObj.title}</Link>
</li>
)
})
}
</ul>
<hr/>
{/* 声明接收params参数 */}
{/* <Route path="/home/message/detail/:id/:title" component={Detail}/> */}
{/* search参数无需声明接收，正常注册路由即可 */}
{/* <Route path="/home/message/detail" component={Detail}/> */}
{/* state参数无需声明接收，正常注册路由即可 */}
<Route path="/home/message/detail" component={Detail}/>
</div>
)
}
}
Detail组件代码
import React, { Component } from 'react'
// import qs from 'querystring'
const DetailData = [
{id:'01',content:'你好，中国'},
{id:'02',content:'你好，尚硅谷'},
{id:'03',content:'你好，未来的自己'}
]
export default class Detail extends Component {
render() {
console.log(this.props);
// 接收params参数
// const {id,title} = this.props.match.params
// 接收search参数
// const {search} = this.props.location
// const {id,title} = qs.parse(search.slice(1))
// 接收state参数
const {id,title} = this.props.location.state || {}
const findResult = DetailData.find((detailObj)=>{
return detailObj.id === id
}) || {}
return (
<ul>
<li>ID:{id}</li>
<li>TITLE:{title}</li>
<li>CONTENT:{findResult.content}</li>
</ul>
)
}
}
编程式路由导航
借助this.prosp.history对象上的API对操作路由跳转、前进、后退
-
this.prosp.history.push() -
this.prosp.history.replace() -
this.prosp.history.goBack() -
this.prosp.history.goForward() -
this.prosp.history.go()
Message组件代码
import React, { Component } from 'react'
import {Link,Route} from 'react-router-dom'
import Detail from './Detail'
export default class Message extends Component {
state = {
messageArr:[
{id:'01',title:'消息1'},
{id:'02',title:'消息2'},
{id:'03',title:'消息3'},
]
}
replaceShow = (id,title)=>{
//replace跳转+携带params参数
//this.props.history.replace(`/home/message/detail/${id}/${title}`)
//replace跳转+携带search参数
// this.props.history.replace(`/home/message/detail?id=${id}&title=${title}`)
//replace跳转+携带state参数
this.props.history.replace(`/home/message/detail`,{id,title})
}
pushShow = (id,title)=>{
//push跳转+携带params参数
// this.props.history.push(`/home/message/detail/${id}/${title}`)
//push跳转+携带search参数
// this.props.history.push(`/home/message/detail?id=${id}&title=${title}`)
//push跳转+携带state参数
this.props.history.push(`/home/message/detail`,{id,title})
}
back = ()=>{
this.props.history.goBack()
}
forward = ()=>{
this.props.history.goForward()
}
go = ()=>{
this.props.history.go(-2)
}
render() {
const {messageArr} = this.state
return (
<div>
<ul>
{
messageArr.map((msgObj)=>{
return (
<li key={msgObj.id}>
{/* 向路由组件传递params参数 */}
{/* <Link to={`/home/message/detail/${msgObj.id}/${msgObj.title}`}>{msgObj.title}</Link> */}
{/* 向路由组件传递search参数 */}
{/* <Link to={`/home/message/detail/?id=${msgObj.id}&title=${msgObj.title}`}>{msgObj.title}</Link> */}
{/* 向路由组件传递state参数 */}
<Link to={{pathname:'/home/message/detail',state:{id:msgObj.id,title:msgObj.title}}}>{msgObj.title}</Link>
<button onClick={()=> this.pushShow(msgObj.id,msgObj.title)}>push查看</button>
<button onClick={()=> this.replaceShow(msgObj.id,msgObj.title)}>replace查看</button>
</li>
)
})
}
</ul>
<hr/>
{/* 声明接收params参数 */}
{/* <Route path="/home/message/detail/:id/:title" component={Detail}/> */}
{/* search参数无需声明接收，正常注册路由即可 */}
{/* <Route path="/home/message/detail" component={Detail}/> */}
{/* state参数无需声明接收，正常注册路由即可 */}
<Route path="/home/message/detail" component={Detail}/>
<button onClick={this.back}>回退</button>
<button onClick={this.forward}>前进</button>
<button onClick={this.go}>go</button>
</div>
)
}
}
withRouter的使用
普通组件Header组件中的代码
import React, { Component } from 'react'
import {withRouter} from 'react-router-dom'
class Header extends Component {
back = ()=>{
this.props.history.goBack()
}
forward = ()=>{
this.props.history.goForward()
}
go = ()=>{
this.props.history.go(-2)
}
render() {
console.log('Header组件收到的props是',this.props);
return (
<div className="page-header">
<h2>React Router Demo</h2>
<button onClick={this.back}>回退</button>
<button onClick={this.forward}>前进</button>
<button onClick={this.go}>go</button>
</div>
)
}
}
export default withRouter(Header)
//withRouter可以加工一般组件，让一般组件具备路由组件所特有的API
//withRouter的返回值是一个新组件
BrowserRouter与HashRouter的区别
1.底层原理不一样：
BrowserRouter使用的是H5的history API，不兼容IE9及以下版本。
HashRouter使用的是URL的哈希值。
2.path表现形式不一样
BrowserRouter的路径中没有#,例如：localhost:3000/demo/test
HashRouter的路径包含#,例如：localhost:3000/#/demo/test
3.刷新后对路由state参数的影响
(1).BrowserRouter没有任何影响，因为state保存在history对象中。
(2).HashRouter刷新后会导致路由state参数的丢失！！！
4.备注：HashRouter可以用于解决一些路径错误相关的问题。
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