线程池——C语言

网上找到一篇对线程池讲解很详细的资料，学习作者文档及视频资料并跟着视频手敲了一下代码，链接如下：
线程池介绍及视频讲解

threadpool.h

#ifndef _THREADPOOL_H
#define _THREADPOOL_H
typedef struct ThreadPool ThreadPool;
//创建线程池并初始化
ThreadPool* threadPoolCreate(int min, int max, int queueCapacity);

//销毁线程池
int threadPoolDestroy(ThreadPool* pool);

//给线程池添加任务
void threadPoolAdd(ThreadPool* pool, void(*func)(void*), void* arg);

//获取线程池工作的线程的个数
int threadPoolBusyNum(ThreadPool* pool);

//获取线程池活着的线程的个数
int threadPoolAliveNum(ThreadPool* pool);

void* worker(void* arg);
void* manager(void* arg);
void threadExit(ThreadPool* pool);
#endif

threadpool.c

#include"threadpool.h"
#include<pthread.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<unistd.h>

const int NUMBER = 2;

//任务结构体
typedef struct Task
{
    void (*function)(void* arg);
    void* arg;
}Task;

//线程池结构体
struct ThreadPool
{
    //任务队列
    Task* taskQ;
    int queueCapacity;  //容量
    int queueSize;      //当前任务个数
    int queueFront;     //队头 -> 取数据
    int queueRear;      //队尾 -> 放数据

    pthread_t managerID;    //管理者线程ID
    pthread_t* threadIDs;   //工作的线程ID

    int minNum;             //最小线程数量
    int maxNum;             //最大线程数量
    int busyNum;            //忙的线程的个数
    int liveNum;            //存活的线程的个数
    int exitNum;            //要杀死的线程个数

    pthread_mutex_t mutexPool;  //锁整个的线程池
    pthread_mutex_t mutexBusy;  //锁busyNum变量
    pthread_cond_t notFull;     //任务队列是不是满了
    pthread_cond_t notEmpty;    //任务队列是不是空了

    int shutdown;          //是不是要销毁线程池，销毁为1，不销毁为0
};

ThreadPool* threadPoolCreate(int min, int max, int queueCapacity)
{
    ThreadPool* pool = (ThreadPool*)malloc(sizeof(ThreadPool));
    do
    {
        if(pool == NULL)
        {
            printf("malloc threadpool fail...\n");
            break;
        }

        pool->threadIDs = (pthread_t*)malloc(sizeof(pthread_t)*max);
        if(pool->threadIDs == NULL)
        {
            printf("malloc threadIDs fail...\n");
            break;
        }
        memset(pool->threadIDs, 0, sizeof(pthread_t));

        pool->minNum = min;
        pool->maxNum = max;
        pool->busyNum = 0;
        pool->liveNum = min;        //和最小个数相等
        pool->exitNum = 0;

        if( pthread_mutex_init(&pool->mutexPool, NULL) != 0 ||
            pthread_mutex_init(&pool->mutexBusy, NULL) != 0 ||
            pthread_cond_init(&pool->notEmpty, NULL) != 0 ||
            pthread_cond_init(&pool->notFull, NULL) != 0 )
        {
            printf("mutex or condition init fail...\n");
            break;
        }

        //任务队列
        pool->taskQ = (Task*)malloc(sizeof(Task) * queueCapacity);
        pool->queueCapacity = queueCapacity;
        pool->queueSize = 0;
        pool->queueFront = 0;
        pool->queueRear = 0;

        pool->shutdown = 0;

        //创建线程
        pthread_create(&pool->managerID, NULL, manager, pool);
        for(int i=0; i<min; i++)
        {
            pthread_create(&pool->threadIDs[i], NULL, worker, pool);
        }
        return pool;
    }while(0);

    //释放资源
    if(pool && pool->threadIDs) free(pool->threadIDs);
    if(pool && pool->taskQ) free(pool->taskQ);
    if(pool) free(pool);

    return NULL;
}

int threadPoolDestroy(ThreadPool* pool)
{
    if(pool == NULL)
    {
        return -1;
    }
    //关闭线程池
    pool->shutdown = 1;
    //阻塞回收管理者线程
    pthread_join(pool->managerID, NULL);
    //唤醒阻塞的消费者线程
    for(int i=0; i<pool->liveNum; i++)
    {
        pthread_cond_signal(&pool->notEmpty);
    }
    //释放堆内存
    if(pool->taskQ)
    {
        free(pool->taskQ);
    }
    if(pool->threadIDs)
    {
        free(pool->threadIDs);
    }
    pthread_mutex_destroy(&pool->mutexPool);
    pthread_mutex_destroy(&pool->mutexBusy);
    pthread_cond_destroy(&pool->notEmpty);
    pthread_cond_destroy(&pool->notFull);

    free(pool);
    pool = NULL;

    return 0;
}

//生产者
void threadPoolAdd(ThreadPool* pool, void(*func)(void*), void* arg)
{
    pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexPool);
    while(pool->queueSize == pool->queueCapacity && !pool->shutdown)
    {
        //阻塞生产者线程
        pthread_cond_wait(&pool->notFull, &pool->mutexPool);
    }
    if(pool->shutdown)
    {
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexPool);
        return;
    }

    //添加任务
    pool->taskQ[pool->queueRear].function = func;
    pool->taskQ[pool->queueRear].arg = arg;
    pool->queueRear = (pool->queueRear+1) % pool->queueCapacity;
    pool->queueSize++;

    pthread_cond_signal(&pool->notEmpty);
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexPool);
}

int threadPoolBusyNum(ThreadPool* pool)
{
    pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexBusy);
    int busyNum = pool->busyNum;
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexBusy);
    return busyNum;
}

int threadPoolAliveNum(ThreadPool* pool)
{
    pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexPool);
    int liveNum = pool->liveNum;
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexPool);
    return liveNum;
}

void* worker(void* arg)
{
    ThreadPool* pool = (ThreadPool*)arg;

    while(1)
    {
        pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexPool);
        //当前任务是否为空
        //为什么是while判断而不是if判断？
        //因为，如果有多个线程阻塞，一个解锁后向后执行，其他的必须在循环判断队列是否为空，
        //不然队列已经空了还往下执行
        while(pool->queueSize == 0 && !pool->shutdown)
        {
            //阻塞工作的线程
            pthread_cond_wait(&pool->notEmpty, &pool->mutexPool);
            //判断是不是要销毁
            if(pool->exitNum>0)
            {
                pool->exitNum--;
                if(pool->liveNum > pool->minNum)
                {
                    pool->liveNum--;
                    pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexPool);
                    threadExit(pool);
                }
            }
        }

        //判断线程池是否被关闭
        //线程池销毁中也会全部唤醒阻塞的线程，这时候不管任务队列是否为空都要结束
        //所以必须要加这个if判断
        if(pool->shutdown)
        {
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexPool);
            threadExit(pool);
        }

        //从任务队列中取出一个任务
        Task task;
        task.function = pool->taskQ[pool->queueFront].function;
        task.arg = pool->taskQ[pool->queueFront].arg;
        //移动头节点
        pool->queueFront = (pool->queueFront+1) % pool->queueCapacity;
        pool->queueSize--;
        //解锁
        pthread_cond_signal(&pool->notFull);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexPool);

        printf("thread start working...\n");
        pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexBusy);
        pool->busyNum++;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexBusy);

        task.function(task.arg);
        //(*task.function)(task.arg);
        free(task.arg);
        task.arg = NULL;

        printf("thread end working...\n");
        pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexBusy);
        pool->busyNum--;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexBusy);
    }

    return NULL;
}

void* manager(void* arg)
{
    ThreadPool* pool = (ThreadPool*)arg;

    //shutdown只有管理者线程才会修改，所以不需要加锁
    while(!pool->shutdown)
    {
        //每隔3s检测一次
        sleep(3);

        //取出线程池中任务的数量和当前线程的数量
        pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexPool);
        int queueSize = pool->queueSize;
        int liveNum = pool->liveNum;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexPool);

        //取出忙的线程的数量
        pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexBusy);
        int busyNum = pool->busyNum;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexBusy);

        //添加线程
        //任务的个数>存活的线程个数 && 存活的线程数<最大线程数
        if(queueSize>liveNum && liveNum<pool->maxNum)
        {
            pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexPool);
            int counter = 0;
            for(int i=0; i<pool->maxNum && counter<NUMBER && pool->liveNum<pool->maxNum; i++)
            {
                if(pool->threadIDs[i] == 0)
                {
                    pthread_create(&pool->threadIDs[i], NULL, worker, pool);
                    counter++;
                    pool->liveNum++;
                }
            }
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexPool);
        }

        //销毁线程
        //忙的线程*2<存活的线程数 && 存活的线程>最小线程数
        if(busyNum*2<liveNum && liveNum>pool->minNum)
        {
            pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexPool);
            pool->exitNum = NUMBER;
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexPool);
            //让工作的线程自杀
            for(int i=0; i<NUMBER; i++)
            {
                pthread_cond_signal(&pool->notEmpty);
            }
        }
    }
}

void threadExit(ThreadPool* pool)
{
    pthread_t tid = pthread_self();
    for(int i=0; i<pool->maxNum; i++)
    {
        if(pool->threadIDs[i] == tid)
        {
            pool->threadIDs[i] = 0;
            printf("%s called, %ld exiting...\n", __FUNCTION__, tid);
            break;
        }
    }
    pthread_exit(NULL);
}

测试代码

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<pthread.h>
#include"threadpool.h"

void taskFunc(void* arg)
{
    int num = *(int*)arg;
    printf("thread %ld is working, number = %d\n", pthread_self(), num);
    sleep(1);
}

int main()
{
    //创建出一个线程池
    ThreadPool* pool = threadPoolCreate(3, 10, 100);
    for(int i=0; i<100; i++)
    {
        int* num = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int));
        *num = i + 100;
        threadPoolAdd(pool, taskFunc, num);
    }
    sleep(30);
    threadPoolDestroy(pool);
    return 0;
}