Java学习笔记--GUI之Swing类

最新推荐文章于 2025-04-02 18:06:41 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-04-02 18:06:41 发布

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文章标签： java swing gui

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/weixin_45129136/article/details/106140751

版权

这篇博客详细记录了Java Swing库在创建GUI应用中的使用，包括设置窗口图标、添加图片、实现弹窗、将图片转化为按钮的功能，以及涵盖单选框、多选框、面板、滚动文本框、普通文本框、密码框、下拉框和列表等组件的运用。

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窗口

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JFrameDemo {

    //init():初始化
    public void init(){
        //顶级窗口
        JFrame jframe = new JFrame("这是一个JFrame窗口");
        jframe.setVisible(true);
        jframe.setBounds(100,100,100,100);
        //这里设置颜色是不好使的，因为需要容器实例化进行容器的设置颜色
        jframe.setBackground(Color.red);

        //设置文字  JLabel
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("欢迎");

        jframe.add(jLabel);

        //关闭事件
        jframe.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //建立一个窗口
        new JFrameDemo().init();
    }

}

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JFrameDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyJframe2().init();
    }
}

class MyJframe2 extends JFrame{
    public void init(){
        this.setBounds(10,10,10,10);
        this.setVisible(true);
        Container container=this.getContentPane();
        container.setBackground(Color.red);

        JLabel jlabel = new JLabel("你好");
        this.add(jlabel);
        //让文本标签居中
        jlabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
    }
}

加图标（画笔画的）

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

//图标Icon是接口，需要实现类
public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {
    private int width;
    private int height;

    public IconDemo(){}//无参构造
    public IconDemo(int width,int height){
        this.width=width;
        this.height=height;
    }

    public void init(){
        IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15,15);
        //图标放在标签，也可以放在按钮上
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("icontest",iconDemo,SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container contentPane = getContentPane();
        contentPane.add(jLabel);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    @Override
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
        g.fillOval(x,y,width,height);
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconWidth() {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconHeight() {
        return 0;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new IconDemo().init();
    }

}

加图片

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {
    public ImageIconDemo(){
        JLabel label=new JLabel("ImageIcon");
        //获取当前类下所在项目下的第一级资源的文件
        URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("1.jpg");

        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
        label.setIcon(imageIcon);
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container container=getContentPane();
        container.add(label);

        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100,100,200,200);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ImageIconDemo();
    }
}

弹窗

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

//主窗口
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {
    public DialogDemo(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(700,500);

        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        //JFrame 放东西，容器
        Container container=this.getContentPane();
        //绝对布局  自定义坐标布局
        container.setLayout(null);

        //按钮
        JButton button=new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框");
        button.setBounds(100,100,200,40);
        container.add(button);

        //点击这个按钮的时候，弹出一个弹窗
        button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {//监听器
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                //弹窗
                new MyDialogDemo();
            }
        });
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new DialogDemo();
    }

}


//弹窗的窗口
class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
    public MyDialogDemo(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        //这个是错误的，因为JDialog退出只能DO_ONTHING,HIDE,DISPOSE三个中的一个
        //this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
        contentPane.setLayout(null);

        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("一起来学习");
        contentPane.add(jLabel);
        //自定义布局后不要手动设置，不然看不到
        jLabel.setBounds(200,200,300,100);
    }
}

把一个图片变成按钮

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame {

    public JButtonDemo01(){
        Container container=this.getContentPane();
        //将一个图片变为图标
        URL resource=JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("1.jpg");
        Icon icon=new ImageIcon(resource);

        //把这个图标放在按钮上
        JButton button = new JButton();
        button.setIcon(icon);
        button.setToolTipText("图片按钮");

        container.add(button);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
    new JButtonDemo01();
    }
}

单选框

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JButtonDemo02 extends JFrame{
    public JButtonDemo02(){
        Container container=this.getContentPane();
        //将一个图片变为图标
        URL resource=JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("1.jpg");
        Icon icon=new ImageIcon(resource);

        //单选框
        JRadioButton jRadioButton1 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton1");
        JRadioButton jRadioButton2 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton2");
        JRadioButton jRadioButton3 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton3");
        //由于单选框只能选择一个，分组,一个组中只能选择一个,不分组就可以同时选中
        ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
        buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton1);
        buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton2);
        buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton3);

        container.add(jRadioButton1,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(jRadioButton2,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(jRadioButton3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo02();
    }
}

多选框

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JButtonDemo03 extends JFrame{
    public JButtonDemo03(){
        Container container=this.getContentPane();
        //将一个图片变为图标
        URL resource=JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("1.jpg");
        Icon icon=new ImageIcon(resource);

        //多选框
        JCheckBox jCheckBox01 = new JCheckBox("1");
        JCheckBox jCheckBox02 = new JCheckBox("2");
        JCheckBox jCheckBox03 = new JCheckBox("3");

        container.add(jCheckBox01,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(jCheckBox02,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(jCheckBox03,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo03();
    }
}

面板

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {
    public JPanelDemo(){
        Container container=this.getContentPane();

        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));//后面参数代表间距

        JPanel panel1=new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));

        panel1.add(new JButton("11"));
        panel1.add(new JButton("12"));
        panel1.add(new JButton("13"));

        container.add(panel1);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JPanelDemo();
    }
}

滚动文本框

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
    public JScrollDemo(){
        Container container=this.getContentPane();
        //文本域
        JTextArea jTextArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
        jTextArea.setText("正在学习JAVA");

        //Scroll面板
        JScrollPane jScrollPane = new JScrollPane(jTextArea);
        container.add(jScrollPane);


        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,300,150);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }



    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}

文本框，密码框

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestTextDemo01 extends JFrame {

    public TestTextDemo01(){
        Container container=this.getContentPane();
        //文本框
        JTextField jTextField1 = new JTextField("Hello");
        JTextField jTextField2 = new JTextField("World",20);
        container.add(jTextField1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(jTextField2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        //密码框
        JPasswordField jPasswordField = new JPasswordField();
        jPasswordField.setEchoChar('*');
        container.add(jPasswordField,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        //文本域   可拉伸的文本框 加到面板上使用的


        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
    new TestTextDemo01();
    }
}

下拉框

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestComboboxDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public TestComboboxDemo01(){
        Container container=this.getContentPane();

        JComboBox status=new JComboBox();
        status.addItem(null);
        status.addItem("正在热映");
        status.addItem("已下架");
        status.addItem("即将上映");

        container.add(status);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
    new TestComboboxDemo01();
    }
}

列表

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Vector;

public class TestComboboxDemo02 extends JFrame {
    /*
    下拉框
     */
    public TestComboboxDemo02(){
        Container container=this.getContentPane();

        //生成列表的内容
        //String[] contents={"1","2","3"};
        Vector contents=new Vector();
        //列表中需要放入内容
        JList jList=new JList(contents);

        contents.add("123");
        contents.add("315");
        contents.add("996");

        container.add(jList);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
    new TestComboboxDemo02();
    }
}