python中的paramiko远程密码连接

安装paramiko第三方模块

ssh是一个协议，OpenSSH是其中一个开源实现，paramiko是Python的一个库，实现了SSHv2协议(底层使用cryptography)。
有了Paramiko以后，我们就可以在Python代码中直接使用SSH协议对远程服务器执行操作，而不是通过ssh命令对远程服务器进行操作。
由于paramiko属于第三方库，所以需要我们先安装。

paramiko远程密码连接

基于ssh用于连接远程服务器做操作：
远程执行命令
上传/下载文件

import paramiko

#创建一个ssh对象
client = paramiko.SSHClient()
"""
The authenticity of host '172.25.254.254 (172.25.254.254)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is 4c:98:51:43:65:46:66:fd:af:5b:ea:cc:d9:97:c0:74.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
"""
#自动选择yes
client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

#连接服务器
client.connect(
    hostname='172.25.254.18',
    username='root',
    password='redhat'
)

#执行操作
#标准输入 标准输出 标准错误
stdin,stdout,stderr = client.exec_command('route -n')

#获取命令的执行结果
print(stdout.read().decode('utf-8'))

#关闭连接
client.close()

批量连接主机

from paramiko.ssh_exception import NoValidConnectionsError,AuthenticationException

def connect(cmd,hostname,user,password):
    import paramiko

    client = paramiko.SSHClient()

    client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

    try:
        client.connect(
            hostname=hostname,
            username=user,
            password=password
        )
        stdin, stdout, stderr = client.exec_command(cmd)
        a = stdout.read().decode('utf-8')
        print(stdout.read().decode('utf-8'))
        return a
    except NoValidConnectionsError as e:
        return '主机%s连接失败' %(hostname)
    except AuthenticationException as e:
        return '主机%s密码错误' %(hostname)
    except Exception as e:
        return '未知错误:',e

    # stdin,stdout,stderr = client.exec_command(cmd)

    # print(stdout.read().decode('utf-8'))
    finally:
        client.close()


with open('/tmp/hosts') as f:
    for line in f:
        hostname,username,password = line.strip().split(':')
        res = connect('hostname',hostname,username,password)
        # print(hostname.center(50,'*'))
        print('主机名:', res)

文件的上传和下载

'''给远程主机上传一个文件'''
from paramiko.ssh_exception import NoValidConnectionsError,AuthenticationException
import paramiko

def put(hostname,password,local_name,remote_name):

    try:
        transport = paramiko.Transport((hostname,22))
        transport.connect(username='root',password=password)
        sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)

    except AuthenticationException as e:
        return '主机%s密码错误' %(hostname)
    except Exception as e:
        return '未知错误: ',e
    else:
        sftp.put(local_name,remote_name)       ##上传文件
        try:
            # 如果远程主机有这个文件则返回一个对象，否则抛出异常
            sftp.file(remote_name)
            print("上传成功.")
        except IOError:
            print("上传失败!")
    finally:
        transport.close()

put('172.25.254.16','westos','/home/kiosk/passwd','/mnt/test')	##远程主机ip，密码，本地文件，上传后的文件保存位置

'''从远程主机下载文件'''
from paramiko.ssh_exception import NoValidConnectionsError,AuthenticationException
import paramiko
import os

def get(hostname,password,remote_name,local_name):

    try:
        transport = paramiko.Transport((hostname,22))
        transport.connect(username='root',password=password)
        sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)

    except AuthenticationException as e:
        return '主机%s密码错误' %(hostname)
    except Exception as e:
        return '未知错误: ',e
    else:
        #sftp.put(local_name,remote_name)       ##上传文件
        sftp.get(remote_name,local_name)      ##下载文件
        if os.path.exists(local_name):
            print('下载成功.')
        else:
            print('下载失败')
    finally:
        transport.close()

get('172.25.254.16','westost','/tmp/passwd','/tmp/test.tex)