本文介绍了在IDEA中集成Spring、SpringDataJpa和SpringMVC的详细步骤，包括导入jar包、创建web结构、配置数据源等。还提及高级查询、普通CRUD操作，介绍了jpa - spec插件，最后说明了集成Spring - MVC及测试方法，同时给出导入jar包未调用的解决办法。
IDEA集成Spring + SpringDaataJpa+SpringMVC
一、导入项目所需的jar包
在pom.xml中导入项目所需的包。
<dependencies>
<!-- Spring的支持包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 事物支持包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 操作数据库需要 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<!-- SpringORM -->
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 引入web前端的支持 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- SpringMCV上传需要用到io包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 文件上传用到的包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- SpringMVC的json支持包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>${com.fasterxml.jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<!-- json数据 -->
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
<version>${com.fasterxml.jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>${com.fasterxml.jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- hibernate的核心包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${org.hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>${org.hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- SpringData的支持包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
<version>${spring-data-jpa.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- SpringData的擴展包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.wenhao</groupId>
<artifactId>jpa-spec</artifactId>
<version>3.1.1</version>
<!-- 把所有的依賴都去掉 -->
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>*</groupId>
<artifactId>*</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
<version>1.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.5</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 測試包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<!-- 这个scope 只能作用在编译和测试时，同时没有传递性。表示在运行的时候不添加此jar文件 -->
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 日志文件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${org.slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${org.slf4j.version}</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.14</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 代码生成器模版技术 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.velocity</groupId>
<artifactId>velocity</artifactId>
<version>1.6</version>
</dependency>
<!-- shiro的支持包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-all</artifactId>
<version>1.4.0</version>
<type>pom</type>
</dependency>
<!-- shiro与Spring的集成包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.4.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- poi支持的jar包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi</artifactId>
<version>3.11</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
<version>3.11</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 图片压缩功能 -->
<!-- 缩略图 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>net.coobird</groupId>
<artifactId>thumbnailator</artifactId>
<version>0.4.6</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 定时调度 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>quartz</groupId>
<artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 邮件支持 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
<artifactId>mail</artifactId>
<version>1.4.1</version>
</dependency>
二、创建web结构，实现domain层代码
三、配置jdbc.properties和DataSource
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd">
<!-- 扫描service部分的包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.itsource.aisell.service" />
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" />
<!-- 配置连接池 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
<!--连接数据4个属性 -->
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" />
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
<!--maxActive: 最大连接数量 -->
<property name="maxActive" value="150" />
<!--minIdle: 最小空闲连接 -->
<property name="minIdle" value="5" />
<!--maxIdle: 最大空闲连接 -->
<property name="maxIdle" value="20" />
<!--initialSize: 初始化连接 -->
<property name="initialSize" value="30" />
<!-- 用来配置数据库断开后自动连接的 -->
<!-- 连接被泄露时是否打印 -->
<property name="logAbandoned" value="true" />
<!--removeAbandoned: 是否自动回收超时连接 -->
<property name="removeAbandoned" value="true" />
<!--removeAbandonedTimeout: 超时时间(以秒数为单位) -->
<property name="removeAbandonedTimeout" value="10" />
<!--maxWait: 超时等待时间以毫秒为单位 1000等于60秒 -->
<property name="maxWait" value="1000" />
<!-- 在空闲连接回收器线程运行期间休眠的时间值,以毫秒为单位. -->
<property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="10000" />
<!-- 在每次空闲连接回收器线程(如果有)运行时检查的连接数量 -->
<property name="numTestsPerEvictionRun" value="10" />
<!-- 1000 * 60 * 30 连接在池中保持空闲而不被空闲连接回收器线程 -->
<property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="10000" />
<property name="validationQuery" value="SELECT NOW() FROM DUAL" />
</bean>
<!-- 集成hibernate的jpa功能 -->
<bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<!--待扫描的实体类包，不再需要persistence.xml了 -->
<property name="packagesToScan" value="cn.itsource.aisell.domain" />
<!-- 3.配置JPA的实现 -->
<!-- private JpaVendorAdapter jpaVendorAdapter; -->
<property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
<!-- org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.AbstractJpaVendorAdapter -->
<!-- private boolean showSql = false;是否显示sql语句 -->
<property name="showSql" value="true" />
<!-- private boolean generateDdl = false;是否建表 -->
<property name="generateDdl" value="false" />
<!-- private String databasePlatform;原来方言 -->
<property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" />
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- Jpa 事务配置 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
</bean>
<!-- 注解声明式事务管理 -->
<tx:annotation-driven />
<!-- Spring Data Jpa配置 ********************************************-->
<!-- base-package:扫描的包 -->
<jpa:repositories base-package="cn.itsource.pss.repository" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager"
entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory" />
</beans>
四、高级查询及相关操作
1.持久层必需继承JpaRepository<要操作的是哪一个domain对象,domain对象的主键的类型>
五、测试是否集成成功
1.实现对应的domain
2.dao层接口继承JpaRepository
3.在测试类注入dao层实现，调用findall等方法测试是否成功
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class EmployeeRepositoryTest {
@Autowired
private EmployeeRepository employeeRepository;
@Test
public void testFind() throws Exception{
List<Employee> emps = employeeRepository.findAll();
for (Employee emp :emps){
System.out.println(emp);
}
}
}
六、普通的CRUD和高级查询
1.CRUD,持久层因为继承JpaRepository的关系，所以可以直接调用方法完成普通的CRUD。
@Test
public void testFindAll() throws Exception{
List<Employee> emps = employeeRepository.findAll();
for (Employee emp :emps){
System.out.println(emp);
}
}
//根据id到一条数据
@Test
public void testFindOne() throws Exception{
Employee employee = employeeRepository.findOne(1L);
System.out.println(employee);
}
//添加与修改都使用save(主要看对象有没有id)
@Test
public void testSave() throws Exception{
Employee employee = new Employee();
//employee.setId(103L);
employee.setUsername("张三");
employee.setPassword("1234");
employee.setEmail("zhangsha@163.com");
employeeRepository.save(employee);
}
//删除数据
@Test
public void testDelete() throws Exception{
employeeRepository.delete(103L);
}
//得到总条数
@Test
public void testCount(){
System.out.println(employeeRepository.count());
}
2.分页和排序
//进行排序功能
@Test
public void testSort() {
//排序 ：第一个参数是排序的规则(DESC/ASC) 后面参数是排序的字符
Sort sort = new Sort(Sort.Direction.DESC,"username");
List<Employee> emps = employeeRepository.findAll(sort);
for (Employee emp : emps) {
System.out.println(emp);
}
}
//分页与排序的集成
@Test
public void testPageAndSort() {
//排序 ：第一个参数是排序的规则(DESC/ASC) 后面参数是排序的字符
Sort sort = new Sort(Sort.Direction.DESC,"username");
Pageable pageable = new PageRequest(0, 10,sort);
//去掉sort就是分页
//2.进行查询
Page<Employee> page = employeeRepository.findAll(pageable);
for (Employee employee : page) {
System.out.println(employee);
}
}
七、jpa-spec插件
在这里介绍一款插件，如果我们使用这个插件，在完成查询与分页的时候功能会简单不少。基于Spring Data Jpa的动态查询库 https://github.com/wenhao/jpa-spec
//要引入的包在上面的配置文件pom.xml中，已经配置过了
<!-- jpa的SpecificationSpecification功能封装 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.wenhao</groupId>
<artifactId>jpa-spec</artifactId>
<version>3.1.1</version>
<!-- 把所有依赖都过滤 -->
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>*</groupId>
<artifactId>*</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
//单个条件查询
@Test
public void testSpecFind01() {
Specification<Employee> spec = Specifications.<Employee>and().like("username", "%1%").build();
List<Employee> emps = employeeRepository.findAll(spec);
for (Employee emp : emps) {
System.out.println(emp);
}
}
//多个条件
Specification<Employee> spec = Specifications.<Employee>and().like("username", "%1%")
.like("email","%2%").lt("age", 20).build();
调用查询方法
//条件集成+分页
@Test
public void testSpecFind03() {
Specification<Employee> spec = Specifications.<Employee>and().like("username", "%1%").build();
//排序 ：第一个参数是排序的规则(DESC/ASC) 后面参数是排序的字符
Sort sort = new Sort(Sort.Direction.DESC,"username");
Pageable pageable = new PageRequest(0, 10,sort);
Page<Employee> page = employeeRepository.findAll(spec, pageable);
for (Employee emp : page) {
System.out.println(emp);
}
}
详细功能，请参照文档
https://github.com/wenhao/jpa-spec/blob/master/docs/3.1.0_cn.md
https://www.w3cschool.cn/jpaspec/
八、集成Spring-MVC
1.引入相应jar包(已经完成)
<!-- 引入web前端的支持 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
2.配置applicationContext-mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
">
<!-- 对静态资源进行放行 -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler />
<!-- 扫描controller部分的包 -->
<!-- @Component组件, @Repository持久层, @Service业务逻辑层, and @Controller控制器 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.itsource.pss.web" />
<!-- 添加mvc对@RequestMapping等注解的支持 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- ViewResolver 视图解析器 (struts2视图类型类似) -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 设置视图路径的前后缀，该配置可以让我们写视图路径的时候更简单。 -->
<!-- 希望跳转jsp是[/WEB-INF/views/前缀][xxx变量][.jsp后缀] -->
<!-- * @see #setPrefix -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
<!-- * @see #setSuffix -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
<!-- 错误：提示告诉开发者你没有配置文件上传解析器。 -->
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<!-- 设置上传文件的最大尺寸为1MB -->
<property name="maxUploadSize">
<value>1048576</value>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
3.配置web.xml
//注意:web.xml的版本应该在2.4及以上
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<!-- 读取SpringMVC -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 启动Spring的监听器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- 配置解决中文乱码的问题 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 配置核心控制器-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<!-- 告诉SpringMVC到哪里去找配置文件 -->
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<!-- 注意:这里只读取springmvc的xml -->
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- Servlet默认在每一次访问的时候创建 -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
九、在idea中配置好Tomcat，写简单的controller层和前台页面，就可以测试了。
错误：导入的jar包没有调用
解决方案：File > Project Structure > Artifacts > 在右侧Output Layout右击项目名，选择Put into Output Root
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