http header 注入

本文深入解析HTTP Header注入漏洞的原理,通过实战演示如何利用Burp Suite进行测试,识别并构造payload,揭示数据库对Header信息的不当处理导致的安全风险。

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在开始讲http-header之前,我觉得有必要去简单地了解http-header

http即超文本传输协议,为目前网页传输的通用协议。http采用了请求/相应模型。浏览器或者其他客户端发出请求,服务器给予响应,就整个网络资源传输而言,包括了massage-header和massage-body两部分,首先传输的是message-header,即http-header消息,http-header消息主要分成四个部分:general header ,request header ,response header,entity header.但其实这反而不易理解,根据维基百科,http-header分为request-header和response-header,而request和response底下还会细分。详细的在这里不便展开,想要了解的可以自行百度。

上面介绍了http大概的含义,那到底什么是http-header注入呢?在这里插入图片描述
有图中介绍可知,http-header注入漏洞正是由于后台把超文本传输头中的一些信息拿去拼接到sql语句中又不做安全处理造成的。

接下来,还是在渗透练习平台上给大家做演示。
打开登陆页面并输入用户名和密码在这里插入图片描述
登陆后页面在这里插入图片描述
那么是否后台获取了上图中http头中的信息后被放到了sql语句中进行了相关的操作呢,在这里完全可以去尝试性地去测试一下,一般,类似于上图中这样获取了浏览器或客户端http的地方,都有可能存在http注入漏洞。

打开burpsuit查看抓到的请求数据包在这里插入图片描述
然后把抓到的请求数据包send to repeater进行重放在这里插入图片描述
因为刚刚认为数据库是对http头中的信息进行了获取并拼接,在这里主要就用user agent这个字段来进行测试在这里插入图片描述
不妨把这整个字段删除掉输入别的字符看后台是否报错,如果后台确实是获取http header中的信息进行语句拼接,那么获取到错误的信息自然会报错在这里插入图片描述
输入一个引号在这里插入图片描述
提交后看结果在这里插入图片描述
可以看见确实有错误提示,那么证明后台确实把相关信息拼接的sql语句中去执行了,这也就形成了注入漏洞。

构造payload,后台数据库采用的是insert语句将获取到的信息拼接到sql查询语句当中的,根据之前博客中提到的相关注入语句知识,构造insert注入.在这里插入图片描述
接着查看结果在这里插入图片描述
可以看见报错获取信息成功。

cookie漏洞
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述
可以看见有相应的语法报错
在这里插入图片描述
还是用同样的payload来测试,提交在这里插入图片描述
报错返回查看想要的信息在这里插入图片描述

### Pikachu Framework HTTP Header Injection Solution and Information #### Understanding the Vulnerability In web applications, developers often retrieve client information through HTTP headers such as `User-Agent`, `Accept`, or custom-defined fields. When backend code processes these headers without proper sanitization, it can lead to SQL injection vulnerabilities[^2]. In the context of the Pikachu training platform, this issue is demonstrated within specific modules designed for learning purposes. #### Demonstrating the Exploit Process To explore how an attacker might exploit a vulnerable application on Pikachu: - Navigate to the **Http Header Injection** module. - Retrieve login credentials by clicking the provided hint button. - After logging in with obtained credentials, intercept the GET request using Burp Suite. - Modify intercepted requests targeting parameters derived from HTTP headers that are processed unsafely by the server-side logic[^1]. #### Implementing Mitigation Strategies Preventing HTTP header-based SQL injections involves several best practices: - Validate all inputs rigorously before processing them further. - Employ prepared statements (parameterized queries) when interacting with databases. - Sanitize user-supplied data effectively to remove any potentially harmful characters or patterns. For example, instead of directly embedding variables into query strings, use parameter binding methods supported by most modern database APIs: ```sql SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = ? AND password = ? ``` This approach ensures that even maliciously crafted input cannot alter the structure of your intended command. #### Enhancing Security Measures Beyond coding standards, additional layers should be added to fortify defenses against attacks like those exploiting weak handling of HTTP headers: - Regular security audits and penetration testing sessions help identify potential weaknesses early. - Educate development teams about secure programming principles regularly. - Keep software up-to-date with patches addressing known issues promptly. --related questions-- 1. What other types of injection flaws exist beyond SQL? 2. How does one configure Burp Suite optimally for intercepting traffic during vulnerability assessments? 3. Can you provide examples of real-world incidents caused by improper management of HTTP headers leading to severe consequences? 4. Are there automated tools available specifically tailored towards detecting SQL injection points related to HTTP headers?
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