SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ(生产者、消费者）

最新推荐文章于 2025-01-17 17:27:44 发布

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该博客介绍了如何在Spring Boot项目中配置并使用RabbitMQ，包括创建生产者工程，引入依赖，配置交换机、队列和绑定关系，以及编写发送消息的测试用例。同时，也展示了消费者工程的创建，配置和消息接收代码。

生产者：

创建生产者SpringBoot工程
引入依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>producer-springboot</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.1</version>
    </parent>
    
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--单元测试-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

编写yml配置文件

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 127.0.0.1
    port: 5672
    username: hehe
    password: hehe
    virtual-host: /

定义交换机，队列，以及绑定关系的配置类

package com.atheima.rabbitmq;


import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * @descriptions:
 * @author:
 * @date: 2021/6/11 18:13
 * @version: 1.0
 */
/*
*   从Spring3.0，@Configuration用于定义配置类，可替换xml配置文件，被注解的类内部包含有一个或多个被@Bean注解的方法，
* 这些方法将会被AnnotationConfigApplicationContext或AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext类进行扫描，并用于构建bean定义，
* 初始化Spring容器。@Configuration的第二个作用是可以作为配置类，和@Component的作用一样，两者的差别是@Configuration
* 中所有带 @Bean 注解的方法都会被CGLIB动态代理，因此调用该方法返回的都是同一个实例。
 * */
@Configuration  //配置类
public class RabbitMQConfig {

    public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME="boot_topic_exchange";

    public static final String QUEUE_NAME="boot_queue";

    //交换机
    @Bean("bootExchange")
    public Exchange bootExchange(){
        return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(EXCHANGE_NAME).durable(true).build();
    }

    //队列，duralbe：持久的
    @Bean
    public Queue bootQueue(){
        return QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE_NAME).build();
    }

    /*
    * 队列和交换机绑定
    * 1.知道那个队列
    * 2.知道那个交换机
    * 3.routing key
    *
    * */
    @Bean
    public Binding bindQueueExchange(@Qualifier("bootQueue") Queue queue, @Qualifier("bootExchange")Exchange exchange){

        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("boot.#").noargs();

    }

}

注入RabbitTemplate，调用方法，消息发送

package com.atheima.rabbitmq;

import com.atheima.rabbitmq.RabbitMQConfig;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;


/**
 * @descriptions:
 * @author:
 * @date: 2021/6/11 18:32
 * @version: 1.0
 */

@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class ProducerTest {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;


    @Test
    public void testSend(){
        //发消息
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.EXCHANGE_NAME,"boot.haha","boot mq hello!!!!!!");
    }
}

注：springboot的启动类要和测试用的类放到一个包下要么会包注解错误(提示使用其他注解）

消费者：

创建消费者工程
导入依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.1</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>

    <groupId>consumer-springboot</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>demo</name>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

编写yml配置

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 127.0.0.1
    port: 5672
    username: hehe
    password: hehe
    virtual-host: /

编写接收消息代码

package consumerspringboot.demo;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @descriptions:
 * @author:
 * @date: 2021/6/15 11:23
 * @version: 1.0
 */
@Component
public class RabbitMQListener {

    @RabbitListener(queues = "boot_queue")
    public void ListenerQueue(Message  message){
        System.out.println(message);
        //System.out.println( new String(message.getBody()));
    }
}