Divisors

给定正整数区间[1, n]和一个包含m个不同正整数的数组a,该博客讨论如何计算每个正整数是a中恰好k个数的约数的个数。涉及数论中的公约数问题,由于数据范围限制,不能使用暴力布尔数组,而是通过求解每个数的约数并统计。博客提供了具体的分析思路和代码实现。" 127498822,8753399,Go语言:深入理解指针变量与零大小变量的堆栈分配,"['golang', '算法']

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题目描述

给定m 个不同的正整数a1,a2,.... am,请对0 到m 每一个k 计算,在区间[1, n] 里有多少正整数

是a 中恰好k 个数的约数。

 

输入

第一行包含两个正整数n,m,分别表示区间范围以及a 数组的大小。

第二行包含m 个不同的正整数a1,a2,.... am,表示a 数组。

 

输出

输出m + 1 行,每行一个整数,其中第i 行输出k = i 的答案。

 

样例输入

10 3
4 6 7

样例输出

4
4
1
1

数据范围

 m<=200,n<=10^9,ai<=10^9

题目有点绕,分析一下:

4 : 1 2 4

6: 1 2 3 6

7: 1 7

在1到10中,只有1是a中3个数的约数,2是a中2个数的约数,3,4,6,7分别是a中一个数的约数

具体分析

首先容易判断是数论中求公约数的问题。

我们可以先将每个数的约数求出来,然后难点在于统计

由于是128MB,且n<=10^9,ai<=10^9,若开bool不现实。

所以我们可以定义:

ans[i]表示在区间内,恰好是a中i个数的约数 的个数

然后我们统计就行了

用sort,具体实现可以看代码

代码实现:

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <cstring>
#include <cmath>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
const int MAXN = 1e7 + 3;
int cnt , k[MAXN] , m , x , n;
int ans[203];
int main(){
    scanf( "%d%d" , &n , &m );
    for( int i = 1 ; i <= m ; i ++ ){
        scanf( "%d" , &x );//输入
        for( int j = 1 ; j * j <= x ; j ++ ){
            if( x % j == 0 ){
                k[++cnt] = x / j;
                k[++cnt] = j;
            }//快捷找它的所有因数
            if( j * j == x )
                cnt --;//判断x是否为完全平方数
        }
    }
    sort( k + 1 , k + cnt + 1 );
    int i = 2 , last = k[1] , tot = 1;
    while( i <= cnt && k[i] <= n ){
        if( k[i] != last ){//由于每个因子在x中只存放了一次,且我们用了排序
            ans[tot] += 1;//所以如果连续tot个都是同一个数,则说明a中有i个数的公因数有这个数
            last = k[i];//如果不是,就替换
            tot = 1;
        }
        else
            tot ++;
        i ++;
    }
    ans[tot] += 1;//这里while只会最多循环cnt-1次,所以tot里的值不能忽略
    int sum = 0;
    for( int i = 1 ; i <= m ; i ++ )
        sum += ans[i];
    printf( "%d" , n - sum );//1到n中每个数只会在ans中加一次,算出sum(ans),就能推出ans[0]
    for( int i = 1 ; i <= m ; i ++ )
        printf( "\n%d" , ans[i] );
    return 0;
}

 

{ "id": "cmpl-e759f3d8-78e1-11f0-b2b4-1a85109d8f07", "choices": [ { "finish_reason": "stop", "index": 0, "message": { "content": "<think>\nOkay, so I need to figure out how many whole-number divisors there are for the integer given by the expression $ a(2a + b) - 2a^2 + ab $, where $ a $ and $ b $ are different prime numbers greater than 2. Let me start by simplifying the expression step by step.\n\nFirst, let me write down the expression again to make sure I have it right: $ a(2a + b) - 2a^2 + ab $. Let me expand the first term, which is $ a(2a + b) $. If I distribute the $ a $, that becomes $ 2a^2 + ab $. So substituting that back into the original expression, we have:\n\n$ 2a^2 + ab - 2a^2 + ab $.\n\nNow let me combine like terms. The $ 2a^2 $ and $ -2a^2 $ cancel each other out, right? So that leaves me with $ ab + ab $, which is $ 2ab $. So the entire expression simplifies to $ 2ab $. \n\nWait, so the problem is asking for the number of whole-number divisors of $ 2ab $, where $ a $ and $ b $ are different primes greater than 2. Let me confirm that I simplified correctly. Let me check again:\n\nOriginal expression: $ a(2a + b) - 2a^2 + ab $.\n\nExpanding $ a(2a + b) $: $ 2a^2 + ab $. Then subtract $ 2a^2 $, so $ 2a^2 + ab - 2a^2 = ab $. Then add $ ab $, so $ ab + ab = 2ab $. Yes, that seems right. So the expression simplifies to $ 2ab $.\n\nAlright, so now I need to find the number of positive divisors of $ 2ab $. Since $ a $ and $ b $ are primes greater than 2, they are both odd primes. Let me recall that the number of divisors of a number is found by taking its prime factorization, adding one to each of the exponents, and multiplying those together.\n\nSo first, let me write the prime factorization of $ 2ab $. Since 2 is a prime number, and $ a $ and $ b $ are different primes, all three primes are distinct. Therefore, the prime factors of $ 2ab $ are 2, $ a $, and $ b $. Each of these primes has an exponent of 1 in the factorization. So the prime factorization is $ 2^1 \\times a^1 \\times b^1 $.\n\nTo find the number of divisors, I take each exponent (which are all 1s), add 1 to them, and multiply. That would be $ (1 + 1)(1 + 1)(1 + 1) = 2 \\times 2 \\times 2 = 8 $. Therefore, there are 8 positive divisors.\n\nBut let me verify this with an example to make sure I haven't made a mistake. Let me pick specific primes for $ a $ and $ b $. Let's take $ a = 3 $ and $ b = 5 $, which are both primes greater than 2 and different.\n\nCalculating $ 2ab $: $ 2 \\times 3 \\times 5 = 30 $. Now, the divisors of 30 are 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30. That's 8 divisors. Yep, that matches the calculation. Let me try another example to be safe. Let me take $ a = 5 $, $ b = 7 $. Then $ 2ab = 2 \\times 5 \\times 7 = 70 $. Divisors of 70: 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 14, 35, 70. Again, 8 divisors. Okay, so that seems consistent.\n\nBut let me think again if there's any possibility that 2 could be equal to $ a $ or $ b $. However, the problem states that $ a $ and $ b $ are primes greater than 2, so they are odd primes. Therefore, 2 is not among them. Therefore, 2, $ a $, and $ b $ are distinct primes. Therefore, the prime factorization is indeed three distinct primes each to the first power, leading to 2×2×2=8 divisors.\n\nBut let me check if there's a case where maybe $ a $ or $ b $ is 2. But the problem says they are greater than 2, so they can't be. Therefore, my reasoning holds.\n\nTherefore, the number of whole-number divisors is 8. Therefore, the answer is 8, which in boxed form is \\boxed{8}.\n\nWait, but let me just check once more. Suppose someone might think that maybe the original expression simplifies differently? Let me check again:\n\nOriginal expression: $ a(2a + b) - 2a^2 + ab $.\n\nFirst term: $ a(2a + b) = 2a^2 + ab $.\n\nSubtracting $ 2a^2 $: $ 2a^2 + ab - 2a^2 = ab $.\n\nAdding $ ab $: $ ab + ab = 2ab $. Yes, that's correct. So the expression simplifies to 2ab. So no issues there.\n\nAlternatively, maybe someone might misread the original problem? Let me check again. The problem says: \"the integer $ a(2a + b) - 2a^2 + ab $\". So yes, that's how it's written. So the steps are correct.\n\nTherefore, I think my answer is correct. The number of divisors is 8.\n\n**Final Answer**\n\\boxed{8}\n</think>\n\nWe are given an expression involving two distinct prime numbers $ a $ and $ b $, both greater than 2, and asked to find the number of whole-number divisors of the integer:\n\n$$\na(2a + b) - 2a^2 + ab\n$$\n\n---\n\n### Step 1: Simplify the Expression\n\nStart by expanding the first term:\n\n$$\na(2a + b) = 2a^2 + ab\n$$\n\nNow substitute this back into the full expression:\n\n$$\n2a^2 + ab - 2a^2 + ab\n$$\n\nSimplify by combining like terms:\n\n- $ 2a^2 - 2a^2 = 0 $\n- $ ab + ab = 2ab $\n\nSo the entire expression simplifies to:\n\n$$\n2ab\n$$\n\n---\n\n### Step 2: Prime Factorization of $ 2ab $\n\nSince $ a $ and $ b $ are distinct prime numbers greater than 2, and 2 is also a prime, the expression $ 2ab $ is the product of three **distinct** primes:\n\n$$\n2ab = 2^1 \\cdot a^1 \\cdot b^1\n$$\n\n---\n\n### Step 3: Count the Number of Divisors\n\nThe number of positive divisors of a number is determined by taking the product of one more than each exponent in its prime factorization.\n\nHere, the exponents are all 1:\n\n$$\n(1 + 1)(1 + 1)(1 + 1) = 2 \\cdot 2 \\cdot 2 = 8\n$$\n\n---\n\n### Final Answer\n\n$$\n\\boxed{8}\n$$", "role": "assistant", "reasoning_content": "" } } ], "created": 1755157209, "model": "Qwen3-32B", "object": "chat.completion", "usage": { "completion_tokens": 1627, "prompt_tokens": 68, "total_tokens": 1695 }, "model_spec": { "api_url": "http://0.0.0.0:9009/v1/chat/completions", "model_id": "Qwen3-32B", "api_key": "EMPTY" }, "answer_id": "answer-1a07ae97260436f698e63d4620d7cff0", "subset_name": "default", "raw_input": { "problem": "Suppose $a$ and $b$ are different prime numbers greater than 2. How many whole-number divisors are there for the integer $a(2a+b)-2a^{2}+ab$?", "solution": "Distributing and combining like terms, we have $a(2a+b)-2a^2+ab=2a^2+ab-2a^2+ab=2ab$. Now $a$ and $b$ are different prime numbers greater than 2, so $2ab=2^1\\cdot a^1\\cdot b^1$ has $(1+1)(1+1)(1+1)=\\boxed{8}$ divisors.", "answer": "8", "subject": "Number Theory", "level": 4, "unique_id": "test/number_theory/1287.json" }, "origin_prompt": { "data": [ "Suppose $a$ and $b$ are different prime numbers greater than 2. How many whole-number divisors are there for the integer $a(2a+b)-2a^{2}+ab$?\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}." ], "system_prompt": null, "raw_input": { "problem": "Suppose $a$ and $b$ are different prime numbers greater than 2. How many whole-number divisors are there for the integer $a(2a+b)-2a^{2}+ab$?", "solution": "Distributing and combining like terms, we have $a(2a+b)-2a^2+ab=2a^2+ab-2a^2+ab=2ab$. Now $a$ and $b$ are different prime numbers greater than 2, so $2ab=2^1\\cdot a^1\\cdot b^1$ has $(1+1)(1+1)(1+1)=\\boxed{8}$ divisors.", "answer": "8", "subject": "Number Theory", "level": 4, "unique_id": "test/number_theory/1287.json" }, "index": 0 } } 如何判断该题是否回答确,提取哪个参数核对
最新发布
08-16
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