本文详细介绍SpringDataJPA的开发环境搭建、实体类创建、Repository接口使用、查询方法定义规则、Query注解使用及更新操作整合事务的实践。通过具体代码示例，展示如何在Spring框架下高效进行数据库操作。
3-1 开发环境搭建
Spring Data JPA快速起步
开发环境搭建
Spring Data JPA helloworld
在domain创建Employee.java
package com.imooc.domain;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
/**
* 雇员:先开发实体类--->自动生成数据表
*/
@Entity
public class Employee {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Integer age;
@GeneratedValue
@Id
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
@Column(length =20 )
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
@Id
@GeneratedValue
@Entity
根据之前的配置，完美运行SpringDataTest
在com.imooc下创建SpringDataTest
代码详情：
package com.imooc;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class SpringDataTest {
/**
* 实体类自动生成一张表
*/
private ApplicationContext cxt =null ;
@Before
public void setup(){
cxt = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beansnew.xml");
System.out.println("setup");
}
@After
public void tearDown(){
cxt = null ;
System.out.println("tearDown");
}
@Test
public void testEntityManagerFactory(){
}
}
在beans-new.xml添加新的依赖（注解相关）
<!--3 配置事务管理器-->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
</bean>
<!--支持注解的事务-->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
<!--配置spring data-->
<jpa:repositories base-package="com.imooc" entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.imooc"/>
beans-new.xml完整配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
<!--1 配置数据源-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="915099"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql:///spring_data?useSSL=false"/>
</bean>
<!--2 配置EntityManagerFactory-->
<bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter"/>
</property>
<property name="packagesToScan" value="com.imooc"/>
<property name="jpaProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy">org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!--3 配置事务管理器-->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
</bean>
<!--支持注解的事务-->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
<!--配置spring data-->
<jpa:repositories base-package="com.imooc" entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.imooc"/>
</beans>
在com.imooc下创建package repository新建interface EmployeeRepository（下面是第四章完整的代码）
package com.imooc.repository;
import com.imooc.domain.Employee;
import org.hibernate.sql.Select;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Modifying;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
import org.springframework.data.repository.Repository;
import org.springframework.data.repository.RepositoryDefinition;
import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;
import java.util.List;
@RepositoryDefinition(domainClass = Employee.class, idClass = Integer.class)
public interface EmployeeRepository {
public Employee findByName(String name);
}
测试，在Test下com.imooc建立repository，在新建EmployeeRepositoryTest （第四章完整代码）
package com.imooc.repository;
import com.imooc.domain.Employee;
import com.mysql.fabric.xmlrpc.base.Fault;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class EmployeeRepositoryTest {
private ApplicationContext cxt =null ;
private EmployeeRepository employeeRepository = null ;
@Before
public void setup(){
cxt = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beansnew.xml");
employeeRepository= cxt.getBean(EmployeeRepository.class);
System.out.println("setup");
}
@After
public void tearDown(){
cxt = null ;
System.out.println("tearDown");
}
@Test
public void TestFindByName() {
// employeeRepository = (EmployeeRepository)cxt.getBean("employeeRepository");
Employee employee = employeeRepository.findByName("RLiBin");
if( employee == null){
System.out.println("查询数据为空");
}else{
System.out.println("Id: " + employee.getId() +
" name: " + employee.getName() +
" age: " + employee.getAge());
}
}
}
Repository
Repository：Spring Data核心类 RepositoryDefinition：使用该注解进行配置 Repository
Query Specification：查询时，方法命名不能乱写 Query Annotation：使用该注解，可以实现原生SQL查询
Update/Delete/Transaction：更新、删除操作，支持事务
Repository Hierarchy
CrudRepository：内置了新增、更新、删除、查询方法PagingAndSortingRespository：分页和排序
JpaRepository JpaSpecificationExcutor
第四章 Spring Data 进阶
4-1关于Repository
Repository 接口详解
Repository接口是Spring Data的核心接口，不提供任何方法
public interface Repository<T, ID extends Serializable>{}
@RepositoryDefinition注解的使用
Repository类的定义
1）Repository是一个空接口，标记接口。没有包含方法声明的接口
2）如果我们定义的接口EmployeeRepository extends Repository，会被Spring管理。
如果我们自己的接口没有extends Repository，运行时会报错，没有这个Bean。
4-2 Repository子接口详解
Repository子接口详解
CrudRepository：继承Repository，实现了CRUD相关的方法
PagingAndSortingRepository：继承CrudRepository，实现了分页排序相关的方法
JpaRepository：继承PagingAndSortingRepositor，实现JPA规范相关的方法
添加注解能达到不用extends Repository的功能
@RepositoryDefinition(domainClass = Employee.class, idClass = Integer.class)
4-3 查询方法定义规则和使用
Repository中查询方法定义规则和使用
1.了解Spring Data中查询方法名称的定义规则
2.使用Spring 完成复杂查询方法名称的命名
Repository中查询定义规则和使用
在数据库中创建数据
@RepositoryDefinition(domainClass = Employee.class, idClass = Integer.class)
查看一下数据库数据
use spring_data;
select *from employee;
在EmployeeRepository添加查询
package com.imooc.repository;
import com.imooc.domain.Employee;
import org.hibernate.sql.Select;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Modifying;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
import org.springframework.data.repository.Repository;
import org.springframework.data.repository.RepositoryDefinition;
import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;
import java.util.List;
@RepositoryDefinition(domainClass = Employee.class, idClass = Integer.class)
public interface EmployeeRepository {
public Employee findByName(String name);
//where name kike ?% and age <?
public List<Employee> findByNameStartingWithAndAgeLessThan(String name, Integer age);
//where name kike ?% and age <?
public List<Employee> findByNameEndingWithAndAgeLessThan(String name, Integer age);
//where name in (?,?...) or < ?
public List<Employee> findByNameInOrAgeLessThan(List<String> name, Integer age);
//where name in (?,?...) or <
public List<Employee> findByNameInAndAgeLessThan(List<String> name, Integer age);
}
EmployeeRepositoryTest
package com.imooc.repository;
import com.imooc.domain.Employee;
import com.mysql.fabric.xmlrpc.base.Fault;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class EmployeeRepositoryTest {
private ApplicationContext cxt =null ;
private EmployeeRepository employeeRepository = null ;
@Before
public void setup(){
cxt = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beansnew.xml");
employeeRepository= cxt.getBean(EmployeeRepository.class);
System.out.println("setup");
}
@After
public void tearDown(){
cxt = null ;
System.out.println("tearDown");
}
@Test
public void TestFindByName() {
// employeeRepository = (EmployeeRepository)cxt.getBean("employeeRepository");
Employee employee = employeeRepository.findByName("RLiBin");
if( employee == null){
System.out.println("查询数据为空");
}else{
System.out.println("Id: " + employee.getId() +
" name: " + employee.getName() +
" age: " + employee.getAge());
}
}
@Test
public void TestfindByNameStartingWithAndAgeLessThan(){
// employeeRepository = (EmployeeRepository)cxt.getBean("employeeRepository");
List<Employee> employees = employeeRepository.findByNameStartingWithAndAgeLessThan("test",22);
if( employees != null && employees.size() > 0){
for (Employee employee : employees) {
System.out.println("Id: " + employee.getId() +
" name: " + employee.getName() +
" age: " + employee.getAge());
}
}else{
System.out.println("查询数据为空");
}
}
@Test
public void TestfindByNameEndingWithAndAgeLessThan(){
// employeeRepository = (EmployeeRepository)cxt.getBean("employeeRepository");
List<Employee> employees = employeeRepository.findByNameEndingWithAndAgeLessThan("6",22);
if( employees != null && employees.size() > 0){
for (Employee employee : employees) {
System.out.println("Id: " + employee.getId() +
" name: " + employee.getName() +
" age: " + employee.getAge());
}
}else{
System.out.println("查询数据为空");
}
}
@Test
public void TestfindByNameInOrAgeLessThan(){
// employeeRepository = (EmployeeRepository)cxt.getBean("employeeRepository");
List<String> names = new ArrayList<String>();
names.add("test1");
names.add("test2");
names.add("test3");
List<Employee> employees = employeeRepository.findByNameInOrAgeLessThan(names,22);
if( employees != null && employees.size() > 0){
for (Employee employee : employees) {
System.out.println("Id: " + employee.getId() +
" name: " + employee.getName() +
" age: " + employee.getAge());
}
}else{
System.out.println("查询数据为空");
}
}
@Test
public void TestfindByNameInAndAgeLessThan(){
// employeeRepository = (EmployeeRepository)cxt.getBean("employeeRepository");
List<String> names = new ArrayList<String>();
names.add("test1");
names.add("test2");
names.add("test3");
List<Employee> employees = employeeRepository.findByNameInAndAgeLessThan(names,22);
if( employees != null && employees.size() > 0){
for (Employee employee : employees) {
System.out.println("Id: " + employee.getId() +
" name: " + employee.getName() +
" age: " + employee.getAge());
}
}else{
System.out.println("查询数据为空");
}
}
}
对于按照方法命名规则来使用的话，有弊端：
1）方法名比较长：约定大于配置
2）对于一些复杂的查询，是很难实现。
4-4Query注解使用
在Respository方法中使用，不需要遵循查询方法命令规则
只需要将@Query定义在Respository中的方法之上即可
命名参数及索引参数的使用
本地查询
代码演示：
EmployeeRepository
package com.imooc.repository;
import com.imooc.domain.Employee;
import org.hibernate.sql.Select;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Modifying;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
import org.springframework.data.repository.Repository;
import org.springframework.data.repository.RepositoryDefinition;
import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;
import java.util.List;
@RepositoryDefinition(domainClass = Employee.class, idClass = Integer.class)
public interface EmployeeRepository {
public Employee findByName(String name);
//where name kike ?% and age <?
public List<Employee> findByNameStartingWithAndAgeLessThan(String name, Integer age);
//where name kike ?% and age <?
public List<Employee> findByNameEndingWithAndAgeLessThan(String name, Integer age);
//where name in (?,?...) or < ?
public List<Employee> findByNameInOrAgeLessThan(List<String> name, Integer age);
//where name in (?,?...) or <
public List<Employee> findByNameInAndAgeLessThan(List<String> name, Integer age);
/**
* 自定义查询SQL
*/
@Query("select o from Employee o where id= (select max (id) from Employee t1)")
public Employee getEmployeeByMaxId();
/**
*使用占位符进行参数绑定
*/
@Query ("select o from Employee o where o.name=?1 and o.age = ?2 ")
public List<Employee> queryParamsl(String name , Integer age);
/**
*使用命名参数进行参数绑定
*/
@Query ("select o from Employee o where o.name= :name and o.age =:age ")
public List<Employee> queryParamsl2(@Param("name") String name , @Param("age") Integer age);
/**
*自定义查询SQL，like，占位符进行参数绑定
*/
@Query ("select o from Employee o where o.name like %?1%")
public List<Employee> queryLike1( String name);
/**
*自定义查询SQL，like，命名参数进行参数绑定
*/
@Query ("select o from Employee o where o.name like %:name%")
public List<Employee> queryLike2( @Param("name") String name);
/**
*使用原生态SQL查询
*/
@Query(nativeQuery = true, value = "select count(1) from employee")
public long getCount();
}
EmployeeRepositoryTest
package com.imooc.repository;
import com.imooc.domain.Employee;
import com.mysql.fabric.xmlrpc.base.Fault;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class EmployeeRepositoryTest {
private ApplicationContext cxt =null ;
private EmployeeRepository employeeRepository = null ;
@Before
public void setup(){
cxt = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beansnew.xml");
employeeRepository= cxt.getBean(EmployeeRepository.class);
System.out.println("setup");
}
@After
public void tearDown(){
cxt = null ;
System.out.println("tearDown");
}
@Test
public void TestFindByName() {
// employeeRepository = (EmployeeRepository)cxt.getBean("employeeRepository");
Employee employee = employeeRepository.findByName("RLiBin");
if( employee == null){
System.out.println("查询数据为空");
}else{
System.out.println("Id: " + employee.getId() +
" name: " + employee.getName() +
" age: " + employee.getAge());
}
}
@Test
public void TestfindByNameStartingWithAndAgeLessThan(){
// employeeRepository = (EmployeeRepository)cxt.getBean("employeeRepository");
List<Employee> employees = employeeRepository.findByNameStartingWithAndAgeLessThan("test",22);
if( employees != null && employees.size() > 0){
for (Employee employee : employees) {
System.out.println("Id: " + employee.getId() +
" name: " + employee.getName() +
" age: " + employee.getAge());
}
}else{
System.out.println("查询数据为空");
}
}
@Test
public void TestfindByNameEndingWithAndAgeLessThan(){
// employeeRepository = (EmployeeRepository)cxt.getBean("employeeRepository");
List<Employee> employees = employeeRepository.findByNameEndingWithAndAgeLessThan("6",22);
if( employees != null && employees.size() > 0){
for (Employee employee : employees) {
System.out.println("Id: " + employee.getId() +
" name: " + employee.getName() +
" age: " + employee.getAge());
}
}else{
System.out.println("查询数据为空");
}
}
@Test
public void TestfindByNameInOrAgeLessThan(){
// employeeRepository = (EmployeeRepository)cxt.getBean("employeeRepository");
List<String> names = new ArrayList<String>();
names.add("test1");
names.add("test2");
names.add("test3");
List<Employee> employees = employeeRepository.findByNameInOrAgeLessThan(names,22);
if( employees != null && employees.size() > 0){
for (Employee employee : employees) {
System.out.println("Id: " + employee.getId() +
" name: " + employee.getName() +
" age: " + employee.getAge());
}
}else{
System.out.println("查询数据为空");
}
}
@Test
public void TestfindByNameInAndAgeLessThan(){
// employeeRepository = (EmployeeRepository)cxt.getBean("employeeRepository");
List<String> names = new ArrayList<String>();
names.add("test1");
names.add("test2");
names.add("test3");
List<Employee> employees = employeeRepository.findByNameInAndAgeLessThan(names,22);
if( employees != null && employees.size() > 0){
for (Employee employee : employees) {
System.out.println("Id: " + employee.getId() +
" name: " + employee.getName() +
" age: " + employee.getAge());
}
}else{
System.out.println("查询数据为空");
}
}
@Test
public void TestgetEmployeeByMaxId(){
// employeeRepository = (EmployeeRepository)cxt.getBean("employeeRepository");
Employee employee = employeeRepository.getEmployeeByMaxId();
if( employee == null){
System.out.println("查询数据为空");
}else{
System.out.println("Id: " + employee.getId() +
" name: " + employee.getName() +
" age: " + employee.getAge());
}
}
@Test
public void TestqueryParamsl(){
// employeeRepository = (EmployeeRepository)cxt.getBean("employeeRepository");
List<Employee> employees = employeeRepository.queryParamsl("RLiBin",23);
if( employees != null && employees.size() > 0){
for (Employee employee : employees) {
System.out.println("Id: " + employee.getId() +
" name: " + employee.getName() +
" age: " + employee.getAge());
}
}else{
System.out.println("查询数据为空");
}
}
@Test
public void TestqueryParamsl2() {
// employeeRepository = (EmployeeRepository)cxt.getBean("employeeRepository");
List<Employee> employees = employeeRepository.queryParamsl2("RLiBin", 23);
if (employees != null && employees.size() > 0) {
for (Employee employee : employees) {
System.out.println("Id: " + employee.getId() +
" name: " + employee.getName() +
" age: " + employee.getAge());
}
} else {
System.out.println("查询数据为空");
}
}
@Test
public void TestqueryLike1() {
// employeeRepository = (EmployeeRepository)cxt.getBean("employeeRepository");
List<Employee> employees = employeeRepository.queryLike1("test");
if (employees != null && employees.size() > 0) {
for (Employee employee : employees) {
System.out.println("Id: " + employee.getId() +
" name: " + employee.getName() +
" age: " + employee.getAge());
}
} else {
System.out.println("查询数据为空");
}
}
@Test
public void TestqueryLike2() {
// employeeRepository = (EmployeeRepository)cxt.getBean("employeeRepository");
List<Employee> employees = employeeRepository.queryLike2("test1");
if (employees != null && employees.size() > 0) {
for (Employee employee : employees) {
System.out.println("Id: " + employee.getId() +
" name: " + employee.getName() +
" age: " + employee.getAge());
}
} else {
System.out.println("查询数据为空");
}
}
@Test
public void TestgetCount() {
// employeeRepository = (EmployeeRepository)cxt.getBean("employeeRepository");
int count = (int) employeeRepository.getCount();
System.out.println("count: "+count);
}
}
4-5 更新操作整合事务使用
更新及删除操作整合事务的使用
-
@Modifying注解使用
-
@Modifying结合@Query("update Employee o set o.age= :age where o.id= :id ")注解执行更新操作
-
@Transaction在Spring Data中的使用
在EmployeeRepository添加新的查询
根据id更新年龄@Modifying
@Query("update Employee o set o.age= :age where o.id= :id ")
public void update(@Param(“id”) Integer id, @Param(“age”) Integer age);
在EmployeeRepositoryTest加入测试
@Test
public void TestUpdate(){
employeeRepository.update(5,30);
}
报错：
Caused by:
javax.persistence.TransactionRequiredException: Executing an update/delete query
缺少事务
事务一般专门新建一个包 service，多次调用DAO，新建一个类EmployeeService
package com.imooc.service;
import com.imooc.repository.EmployeeRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import javax.transaction.Transactional;
@Service
public class EmployeeService {
@Autowired
private EmployeeRepository employeeRepository;
@Transactional
public void update(Integer id, Integer age){
employeeRepository.update(id, age);
}
}
在对应的位置创建service包，EmployeeServiceTest类
package com.imooc.Service;
import com.imooc.repository.EmployeeRepository;
import com.imooc.service.EmployeeService;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class EmployeeServiceTest {
private ApplicationContext cxt =null ;
private EmployeeService employeeService = null ;
@Before
public void setup(){
cxt = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beansnew.xml");
employeeService = cxt.getBean(EmployeeService.class);
System.out.println("setup");
}
@After
public void tearDown(){
cxt = null ;
System.out.println("tearDown");
}
@Test
public void Testupdate (){
// employeeRepository = (EmployeeRepository)cxt.getBean("employeeRepository");
employeeService.update(5,30);
}
}
事务在Spring data中使用
1.事务一般是在service层
2.@Query @Modifying @Transactional的综合使用
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