用Python实现俄罗斯方块，致已消逝的青春

俄罗斯方块 致已消逝的青春

简介

《俄罗斯方块》是一款由俄罗斯人阿列克谢·帕基特诺夫（俄文：Алексей Пажитнов 英文：Alexey Pazhitnov）于1984年6月发明的休闲游戏。俄罗斯方块原名是俄语Тетрис（英文：Tetris），这个名字来源于希腊语tetra，意思是“四”，而游戏的作者最喜欢网球（tennis）。于是，他把两个词tetra和tennis合而为一，命名为Tetris，这也就是俄罗斯方块名字的由来。

游戏规则

一组由4个小型正方形组成的规则图形，游戏有7个基本形状：S、Z、T、L、反向L、直线、方块，每个形状都由4个方块组成，方块最终都会落到屏幕底部。所以玩家通过控制形状的左右位置和旋转，让每个形状都以合适的位置落下，如果有一行全部被方块填充，这行就会消失，并且得分。游戏结束的条件是有形状接触到了屏幕顶部。

程序介绍

PyQt5是专门为创建图形界面产生的，里面一些专门为制作游戏而开发的组件。
安装PyQt5

pip install PyQt5

导包

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QFrame, QDesktopWidget, QApplication
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt, QBasicTimer, pyqtSignal
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPainter, QColor
import sys, random

class Tetris(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):

        self.tboard = Board(self)
        self.setCentralWidget(self.tboard)

        self.statusbar = self.statusBar()
        self.tboard.msg2Statusbar[str].connect(self.statusbar.showMessage)

        self.tboard.start()

        self.resize(180, 380)
        self.center()
        self.setWindowTitle('俄罗斯方块')
        self.show()

定义窗口

    def center(self):
        '''centers the window on the screen'''

        screen = QDesktopWidget().screenGeometry()
        size = self.geometry()
        self.move((screen.width() - size.width()) / 2,
                  (screen.height() - size.height()) / 2)

class Board(QFrame):
    msg2Statusbar = pyqtSignal(str)

    BoardWidth = 10
    BoardHeight = 22
    Speed = 300

    def __init__(self, parent):
        super().__init__(parent)

        self.initBoard()

    def initBoard(self):
        '''initiates board'''

        self.timer = QBasicTimer()
        self.isWaitingAfterLine = False

        self.curX = 0
        self.curY = 0
        self.numLinesRemoved = 0
        self.board = []

        self.setFocusPolicy(Qt.StrongFocus)
        self.isStarted = False
        self.isPaused = False
        self.clearBoard()

确定形状

    def shapeAt(self, x, y):
        '''determines shape at the board position'''

        return self.board[(y * Board.BoardWidth) + x]

    def setShapeAt(self, x, y, shape):
        '''sets a shape at the board'''

        self.board[(y * Board.BoardWidth) + x] = shape

    def squareWidth(self):
        '''returns the width of one square'''

        return self.contentsRect().width() // Board.BoardWidth

    def squareHeight(self):
        '''returns the height of one square'''

        return self.contentsRect().height() // Board.BoardHeight

开始游戏

    def start(self):
        '''starts game'''

        if self.isPaused:
            return

        self.isStarted = True
        self.isWaitingAfterLine = False
        self.numLinesRemoved = 0
        self.clearBoard()

        self.msg2Statusbar.emit(str(self.numLinesRemoved))

        self.newPiece()
        self.timer.start(Board.Speed, self)

暂停游戏（可以用P键暂停游戏）

    def pause(self):
        '''pauses game'''

        if not self.isStarted:
            return

        self.isPaused = not self.isPaused

        if self.isPaused:
            self.timer.stop()
            self.msg2Statusbar.emit("paused")

        else:
            self.timer.start(Board.Speed, self)
            self.msg2Statusbar.emit(str(self.numLinesRemoved))

        self.update()

画出游戏所需的图像

    def paintEvent(self, event):
        '''paints all shapes of the game'''

        painter = QPainter(self)
        rect = self.contentsRect()

        boardTop = rect.bottom() - Board.BoardHeight * self.squareHeight()

        for i in range(Board.BoardHeight):
            for j in range(Board.BoardWidth):
                shape = self.shapeAt(j, Board.BoardHeight - i - 1)

                if shape != Tetrominoe.NoShape:
                    self.drawSquare(painter,
                                    rect.left() + j * self.squareWidth(),
                                    boardTop + i * self.squareHeight(), shape)

        if self.curPiece.shape() != Tetrominoe.NoShape:

            for i in range(4):
                x = self.curX + self.curPiece.x(i)
                y = self.curY - self.curPiece.y(i)
                self.drawSquare(painter, rect.left() + x * self.squareWidth(),
                                boardTop + (Board.BoardHeight - y - 1) * self.squareHeight(),
                                self.curPiece.shape())

处理按键（左右移动，上下翻转）

    def keyPressEvent(self, event):
        '''processes key press events'''

        if not self.isStarted or self.curPiece.shape() == Tetrominoe.NoShape:
            super(Board, self).keyPressEvent(event)
            return

        key = event.key()

        if key == Qt.Key_P:
            self.pause()
            return

        if self.isPaused:
            return

用户使用左右方向键时，就是尝试把方块向左右移动，移动到边界就不能再移动了。上方向键表示把方块向左旋转一下，空格键表示把方块直接放到底部，D键表示加速下落的速度。

        elif key == Qt.Key_Left:
            self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX - 1, self.curY)

        elif key == Qt.Key_Right:
            self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX + 1, self.curY)

        elif key == Qt.Key_Down:
            self.tryMove(self.curPiece.rotateRight(), self.curX, self.curY)

        elif key == Qt.Key_Up:
            self.tryMove(self.curPiece.rotateLeft(), self.curX, self.curY)

        elif key == Qt.Key_Space:
            self.dropDown()

        elif key == Qt.Key_D:
            self.oneLineDown()

        else:
            super(Board, self).keyPressEvent(event)

    def timerEvent(self, event):
        '''handles timer event'''

        if event.timerId() == self.timer.timerId():

            if self.isWaitingAfterLine:
                self.isWaitingAfterLine = False
                self.newPiece()
            else:
                self.oneLineDown()

        else:
            super(Board, self).timerEvent(event)

如果一行满了，可以清楚此行，并且得分。

    def clearBoard(self):
        '''clears shapes from the board'''

        for i in range(Board.BoardHeight * Board.BoardWidth):
            self.board.append(Tetrominoe.NoShape)

    def dropDown(self):
        '''drops down a shape'''

        newY = self.curY

        while newY > 0:

            if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, newY - 1):
                break

            newY -= 1

        self.pieceDropped()

    def oneLineDown(self):
        '''goes one line down with a shape'''

        if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, self.curY - 1):
            self.pieceDropped()

    def pieceDropped(self):
        '''after dropping shape, remove full lines and create new shape'''

        for i in range(4):
            x = self.curX + self.curPiece.x(i)
            y = self.curY - self.curPiece.y(i)
            self.setShapeAt(x, y, self.curPiece.shape())

        self.removeFullLines()

        if not self.isWaitingAfterLine:
            self.newPiece()

如果方块碰到了底部，就调用 removeFullLines()方法，找到所有能消除的行消除他们。消除一行之后就再降一行。

    def removeFullLines(self):
        '''removes all full lines from the board'''

        numFullLines = 0
        rowsToRemove = []

        for i in range(Board.BoardHeight):

            n = 0
            for j in range(Board.BoardWidth):
                if not self.shapeAt(j, i) == Tetrominoe.NoShape:
                    n = n + 1

            if n == 10:
                rowsToRemove.append(i)

        rowsToRemove.reverse()

        for m in rowsToRemove:

            for k in range(m, Board.BoardHeight):
                for l in range(Board.BoardWidth):
                    self.setShapeAt(l, k, self.shapeAt(l, k + 1))

        numFullLines = numFullLines + len(rowsToRemove)

        if numFullLines > 0:
            self.numLinesRemoved = self.numLinesRemoved + numFullLines
            self.msg2Statusbar.emit(str(self.numLinesRemoved))

            self.isWaitingAfterLine = True
            self.curPiece.setShape(Tetrominoe.NoShape)
            self.update()

    def newPiece(self):
        '''creates a new shape'''

        self.curPiece = Shape()
        self.curPiece.setRandomShape()
        self.curX = Board.BoardWidth // 2 + 1
        self.curY = Board.BoardHeight - 1 + self.curPiece.minY()

        if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, self.curY):
            self.curPiece.setShape(Tetrominoe.NoShape)
            self.timer.stop()
            self.isStarted = False
            self.msg2Statusbar.emit("Game over")

    def tryMove(self, newPiece, newX, newY):
        '''tries to move a shape'''

        for i in range(4):

            x = newX + newPiece.x(i)
            y = newY - newPiece.y(i)

            if x < 0 or x >= Board.BoardWidth or y < 0 or y >= Board.BoardHeight:
                return False

            if self.shapeAt(x, y) != Tetrominoe.NoShape:
                return False

        self.curPiece = newPiece
        self.curX = newX
        self.curY = newY
        self.update()

        return True

    def drawSquare(self, painter, x, y, shape):
        '''draws a square of a shape'''

        colorTable = [0x000000, 0xCC6666, 0x66CC66, 0x6666CC,
                      0xCCCC66, 0xCC66CC, 0x66CCCC, 0xDAAA00]

        color = QColor(colorTable[shape])
        painter.fillRect(x + 1, y + 1, self.squareWidth() - 2,
                         self.squareHeight() - 2, color)

        painter.setPen(color.lighter())
        painter.drawLine(x, y + self.squareHeight() - 1, x, y)
        painter.drawLine(x, y, x + self.squareWidth() - 1, y)

        painter.setPen(color.darker())
        painter.drawLine(x + 1, y + self.squareHeight() - 1,
                         x + self.squareWidth() - 1, y + self.squareHeight() - 1)
        painter.drawLine(x + self.squareWidth() - 1,
                         y + self.squareHeight() - 1, x + self.squareWidth() - 1, y + 1)

class Tetrominoe(object):
    NoShape = 0
    ZShape = 1
    SShape = 2
    LineShape = 3
    TShape = 4
    SquareShape = 5
    LShape = 6
    MirroredLShape = 7

class Shape(object):
    coordsTable = (
        ((0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0)),
        ((0, -1), (0, 0), (-1, 0), (-1, 1)),
        ((0, -1), (0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1)),
        ((0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2)),
        ((-1, 0), (0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1)),
        ((0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1)),
        ((-1, -1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1)),
        ((1, -1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1))
    )

    def __init__(self):

        self.coords = [[0, 0] for i in range(4)]
        self.pieceShape = Tetrominoe.NoShape

        self.setShape(Tetrominoe.NoShape)

    def shape(self):
        '''returns shape'''

        return self.pieceShape

    def setShape(self, shape):
        '''sets a shape'''

        table = Shape.coordsTable[shape]

        for i in range(4):
            for j in range(2):
                self.coords[i][j] = table[i][j]

        self.pieceShape = shape

    def setRandomShape(self):
        '''chooses a random shape'''

        self.setShape(random.randint(1, 7))

    def x(self, index):
        '''returns x coordinate'''

        return self.coords[index][0]

    def y(self, index):
        '''returns y coordinate'''

        return self.coords[index][1]

    def setX(self, index, x):
        '''sets x coordinate'''

        self.coords[index][0] = x

    def setY(self, index, y):
        '''sets y coordinate'''

        self.coords[index][1] = y

    def minX(self):
        '''returns min x value'''

        m = self.coords[0][0]
        for i in range(4):
            m = min(m, self.coords[i][0])

        return m

    def maxX(self):
        '''returns max x value'''

        m = self.coords[0][0]
        for i in range(4):
            m = max(m, self.coords[i][0])

        return m

    def minY(self):
        '''returns min y value'''

        m = self.coords[0][1]
        for i in range(4):
            m = min(m, self.coords[i][1])

        return m

    def maxY(self):
        '''returns max y value'''

        m = self.coords[0][1]
        for i in range(4):
            m = max(m, self.coords[i][1])

        return m

    def rotateLeft(self):
        '''rotates shape to the left'''

        if self.pieceShape == Tetrominoe.SquareShape:
            return self

        result = Shape()
        result.pieceShape = self.pieceShape

        for i in range(4):
            result.setX(i, self.y(i))
            result.setY(i, -self.x(i))

        return result

    def rotateRight(self):
        '''rotates shape to the right'''

        if self.pieceShape == Tetrominoe.SquareShape:
            return self

        result = Shape()
        result.pieceShape = self.pieceShape

        for i in range(4):
            result.setX(i, -self.y(i))
            result.setY(i, self.x(i))

        return result

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication([])
    tetris = Tetris()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

结果实现