docker使用ubuntu镜像

最新推荐文章于 2025-08-03 17:35:41 发布

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本文介绍如何在 Ubuntu 18.04 的 Docker 镜像中更换软件源以解决默认源无法使用的问题，并演示了如何通过命令行方式修改源列表文件及安装 Vim 编辑器。

使用ubuntu:18.04镜像安装环境，需要下载工具软件，默认镜像源不能用，但是镜像中默认也没有vi/vim编辑器，只能使用echo命令修改源

C:\Users\chengzy>docker run -it ubuntu:18.04 /bin/bash
…

修改源

root@df2291ef41b7:/etc/apt# echo deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse > sources.list
root@df2291ef41b7:/etc/apt# echo deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse >> sources.list
root@df2291ef41b7:/etc/apt# echo deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse >> sources.list
root@df2291ef41b7:/etc/apt# echo deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse >> sources.list
root@df2291ef41b7:/etc/apt# echo deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse >> sources.list

更新源

root@df2291ef41b7:/etc/apt# apt-get update
Get:1 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial InRelease [247 kB]
Get:2 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease [109 kB]
Get:3 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease [109 kB]
…
Get:20 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-backports/universe amd64 Packages [8532 B]
Get:21 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-backports/main amd64 Packages [7942 B]
Fetched 16.3 MB in 1min 14s (218 kB/s)
Reading package lists… Done

安装vim

root@df2291ef41b7:/etc/apt# apt-get install vim
Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information… Done
…
root@df2291ef41b7:/etc/apt# which vim
/usr/bin/vim

root@df2291ef41b7:/etc/apt# ls
apt.conf.d auth.conf.d preferences.d sources.list sources.list.d trusted.gpg.d
root@df2291ef41b7:/etc/apt# vi sources.list

修改为阿里的源

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

再次更新源

root@df2291ef41b7:/etc/apt# apt-get update
Get:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease [242 kB]
Get:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease [88.7 kB]
Get:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease [88.7 kB]
…
Get:38 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-backports/universe amd64 Packages [3927 B]
Get:39 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-backports/main amd64 Packages [2496 B]