DataStage(ETL)技术总结

本文深入探讨了IBM DataStage在ETL过程中的应用,包括数据抽取、清洗、转换和装载的步骤。DataStage提供图形化开发环境,支持多种数据源连接,具备并行运行能力和多国语言支持。同时,它拥有便捷的开发工具,如DataStage Administrator、Designer、Manager和Director,用于项目管理、ETL开发和监控。文章还提到了DataStage的不足,如错误处理和某些高级控件的限制。

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数据整合的核心内容是从数据源中抽取数据,然后对这些数据进行转化,最终加载的目标数据库或者数据仓库中去,这也就是我们通常所说的 ETL 过程(Extract,Transform,  Load)。

    IBM WebSphere DataStage(下面简称为DataStage)为整个 ETL 过程提供了一个图形化的开发环境,它是一套专门对多种操作数据源的数据抽取、转换和维护过程进行简化和自动化,并将其输入数据集或数据仓库的集成工具。

    通常数据抽取工作分抽取、清洗、转换、装载几个步骤:

    抽取主要是针对各个业务系统及不同网点的分散数据,充分理解数据定义后,规划需要的数据源及数据定义,制定可操作的数据源,制定增量抽取的定义。

    清洗主要是针对系统的各个环节可能出现的数据二义性、重复、不完整、违反业务规则等问题,允许通过试抽取,将有问题的纪录先剔除出来,根据实际情况调整相应的清洗操作。

    转换主要是针对数据仓库建立的模型,通过一系列的转换来实现将数据从业务模型到分析模型,通过内建的库函数、自定义脚本或其他的扩展方式,实现了各种复杂的转换,并且支持调试环境,清楚的监控数据转换的状态。

    装载主要是将经过转换的数据装载到数据仓库里面,可以通过数据文件直接装载或直连数据库的方式来进行数据装载,可以充分体现高效性。在应用的时候可以随时调整数据抽取工作的运行方式,可以灵活的集成到其他管理系统中。

一.数据源连接能力:

数据整合工具的数据源连接能力是非常重要的,这将直接决定它能够应用的范围。DataStage 能够直接连接非常多的数据源,包括:

1、 文本文件

2、 XML 文件

3、 企业应用程序,比如 SAP、PeopleSoft、Siebel、Oracle Application

4、 几乎所有的数据库系统,比如 DB2、Oracle、SQL Server、Sybase ASE/IQ、Teradata、Informix等以及可通过ODBC连接的数据库

5、 Web Services

6、 SAS、WebSphere MQ

 

二.多国语言支持(NLS):

    DataStage能够支持几乎所有编码,以及多种扩展编码(IBM、NEC、富士通、日立等),可以添加编码的支持,DataStage内部为UTF8编码。

 

三.并行运行能力:

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