236. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Tree

Given a binary tree, find the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of two given nodes in the tree.
According to the definition of LCA on Wikipedia: “The lowest common ancestor is defined between two nodes p and q as the lowest node in T that has both p and q as descendants (where we allow a node to be a descendant of itself).”
Given the following binary tree: root = [3,5,1,6,2,0,8,null,null,7,4]
Example 1:
Input: root = [3,5,1,6,2,0,8,null,null,7,4], p = 5, q = 1
Output: 3
Explanation: The LCA of nodes 5 and 1 is 3.
Example 2:
Input: root = [3,5,1,6,2,0,8,null,null,7,4], p = 5, q = 4
Output: 5
Explanation: The LCA of nodes 5 and 4 is 5, since a node can be a descendant of itself according to the LCA definition.
Note:
All of the nodes’ values will be unique.
p and q are different and both values will exist in the binary tree.
中文：
给定一个二叉树, 找到该树中两个指定节点的最近公共祖先。
百度百科中最近公共祖先的定义为：“对于有根树 T 的两个结点 p、q，最近公共祖先表示为一个结点 x，满足 x 是 p、q 的祖先且 x 的深度尽可能大（一个节点也可以是它自己的祖先）。”
例如，给定如下二叉树: root = [3,5,1,6,2,0,8,null,null,7,4]

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思路：
分情况讨论

class Solution {
public:
    TreeNode* lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode* root, TreeNode* p, TreeNode* q) {
        if(!root) return root;
        if(root==p || root==q) return root;
        TreeNode *left=lowestCommonAncestor(root->left,p,q);
        TreeNode *right=lowestCommonAncestor(root->right,p,q);
        if(left&&right) return root; //pq分别位于左右子树
        else if(left!=NULL) return left; //都位于左
        else if(right!=NULL) return right; //都位于右
        return NULL;
    }
};

补充：后面也可以简略的写return left ? left:right;