linux 非root安装docker,Centos 7下Docker的安装与非root配置

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这篇博客详细记录了如何在 CentOS7 系统上安装 Docker。首先，通过 yum-utils 安装必要的工具，然后设置 Docker 的稳定存储库。接着，使用 yum 安装 Docker CE，并解决依赖问题。最后，启动 Docker 并验证其安装成功。这为在 CentOS7 上使用 Docker 提供了基础步骤。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

1. CentOS 7下docker的安装

# 1. install yum-utils

$ sudo yum install -y yum-utils

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00

epel | 4.3 kB 00:00:00

extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00

update | 3.4 kB 00:00:00

(1/3): epel/7/x86_64/updateinfo | 797 kB 00:00:00

(2/3): epel/7/x86_64/primary_db | 4.7 MB 00:00:00

(3/3): update/7/x86_64/primary_db | 4.8 MB 00:00:00

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

Package yum-utils-1.1.31-40.el7.noarch already installed and latest version

Nothing to do

# 2. set up the stable repository

$sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

adding repo from: https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

grabbing file https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

# 3. install docker

$ sudo yum install docker-ce

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

docker-ce-stable | 2.9 kB 00:00:00

docker-ce-stable/x86_64/primary_db | 4.8 kB 00:00:00

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package docker-ce.x86_64 0:17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: docker-ce-selinux >= 17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos for package: docker-ce-17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libcgroup for package: docker-ce-17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libseccomp.so.2()(64bit) for package: docker-ce-17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64

--> Running transaction check

---> Package docker-ce-selinux.noarch 0:17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: policycoreutils-python for package: docker-ce-selinux-17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.noarch

---> Package libcgroup.x86_64 0:0.41-11.el7 will be installed

---> Package libseccomp.x86_64 0:2.3.1-2.el7 will be installed

--> Running transaction check

---> Package policycoreutils-python.x86_64 0:2.5-11.el7_3 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: setools-libs >= 3.3.8-1 for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-11.el7_3.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libsemanage-python >= 2.5-5 for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-11.el7_3.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: audit-libs-python >= 2.1.3-4 for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-11.el7_3.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: python-IPy for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-11.el7_3.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libqpol.so.1(VERS_1.4)(64bit) for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-11.el7_3.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libqpol.so.1(VERS_1.2)(64bit) for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-11.el7_3.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libapol.so.4(VERS_4.0)(64bit) for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-11.el7_3.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: checkpolicy for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-11.el7_3.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libqpol.so.1()(64bit) for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-11.el7_3.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libapol.so.4()(64bit) for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-11.el7_3.x86_64

--> Running transaction check

---> Package audit-libs-python.x86_64 0:2.6.5-3.el7_3.1 will be installed

---> Package checkpolicy.x86_64 0:2.5-4.el7 will be installed

---> Package libsemanage-python.x86_64 0:2.5-5.1.el7_3 will be installed

---> Package python-IPy.noarch 0:0.75-6.el7 will be installed

---> Package setools-libs.x86_64 0:3.3.8-1.1.el7 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=====================================================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

=====================================================================================================================

Installing:

docker-ce x86_64 17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable 19 M

Installing for dependencies:

audit-libs-python x86_64 2.6.5-3.el7_3.1 update 70 k

checkpolicy x86_64 2.5-4.el7 base 290 k

docker-ce-selinux noarch 17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable 28 k

libcgroup x86_64 0.41-11.el7 base 65 k

libseccomp x86_64 2.3.1-2.el7 base 56 k

libsemanage-python x86_64 2.5-5.1.el7_3 update 104 k

policycoreutils-python x86_64 2.5-11.el7_3 update 445 k

python-IPy noarch 0.75-6.el7 base 32 k

setools-libs x86_64 3.3.8-1.1.el7 base 612 k

Transaction Summary

=====================================================================================================================

Install 1 Package (+9 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 20 M

Installed size: 24 M

Is this ok [y/d/N]: y

Downloading packages:

(1/10): audit-libs-python-2.6.5-3.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm | 70 kB 00:00:00

(2/10): checkpolicy-2.5-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 290 kB 00:00:00

(3/10): libseccomp-2.3.1-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | 56 kB 00:00:00

(4/10): libcgroup-0.41-11.el7.x86_64.rpm | 65 kB 00:00:00

(5/10): policycoreutils-python-2.5-11.el7_3.x86_64.rpm | 445 kB 00:00:00

(6/10): setools-libs-3.3.8-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 612 kB 00:00:00

(7/10): libsemanage-python-2.5-5.1.el7_3.x86_64.rpm | 104 kB 00:00:00

(8/10): python-IPy-0.75-6.el7.noarch.rpm | 32 kB 00:00:00

warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/docker-ce-stable/packages/docker-ce-selinux-17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.noarch.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, key ID 621e9f35: NOKEY

Public key for docker-ce-selinux-17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.noarch.rpm is not installed

(9/10): docker-ce-selinux-17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.noarch.rpm | 28 kB 00:00:00

(10/10): docker-ce-17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 19 MB 00:00:00

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 23 MB/s | 20 MB 00:00:00

Retrieving key from https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg

Importing GPG key 0x621E9F35:

Userid : "Docker Release (CE rpm) "

Fingerprint: 060a 61c5 1b55 8a7f 742b 77aa c52f eb6b 621e 9f35

From : https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

Installing : libcgroup-0.41-11.el7.x86_64 1/10

Installing : setools-libs-3.3.8-1.1.el7.x86_64 2/10

Installing : checkpolicy-2.5-4.el7.x86_64 3/10

Installing : libsemanage-python-2.5-5.1.el7_3.x86_64 4/10

Installing : audit-libs-python-2.6.5-3.el7_3.1.x86_64 5/10

Installing : python-IPy-0.75-6.el7.noarch 6/10

Installing : policycoreutils-python-2.5-11.el7_3.x86_64 7/10

Installing : docker-ce-selinux-17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.noarch 8/10

setsebool: SELinux is disabled.

libsemanage.semanage_direct_install_info: Overriding docker module at lower priority 100 with module at priority 400.

Installing : libseccomp-2.3.1-2.el7.x86_64 9/10

Installing : docker-ce-17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64 10/10

Verifying : libseccomp-2.3.1-2.el7.x86_64 1/10

Verifying : python-IPy-0.75-6.el7.noarch 2/10

Verifying : audit-libs-python-2.6.5-3.el7_3.1.x86_64 3/10

Verifying : libsemanage-python-2.5-5.1.el7_3.x86_64 4/10

Verifying : docker-ce-selinux-17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.noarch 5/10

Verifying : libcgroup-0.41-11.el7.x86_64 6/10

Verifying : policycoreutils-python-2.5-11.el7_3.x86_64 7/10

Verifying : docker-ce-17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64 8/10

Verifying : checkpolicy-2.5-4.el7.x86_64 9/10

Verifying : setools-libs-3.3.8-1.1.el7.x86_64 10/10

Installed:

docker-ce.x86_64 0:17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos

Dependency Installed:

audit-libs-python.x86_64 0:2.6.5-3.el7_3.1 checkpolicy.x86_64 0:2.5-4.el7

docker-ce-selinux.noarch 0:17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos libcgroup.x86_64 0:0.41-11.el7

libseccomp.x86_64 0:2.3.1-2.el7 libsemanage-python.x86_64 0:2.5-5.1.el7_3

policycoreutils-python.x86_64 0:2.5-11.el7_3 python-IPy.noarch 0:0.75-6.el7

setools-libs.x86_64 0:3.3.8-1.1.el7

Complete!

# 4. start docker

$ sudo systemctl start docker

# 5. verify docker

$ sudo docker run hello-world

Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally

latest: Pulling from library/hello-world

78445dd45222: Pull complete

Digest: sha256:c5515758d4c5e1e838e9cd307f6c6a0d620b5e07e6f927b07d05f6d12a1ac8d7

Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!

This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:

1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.

2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.

3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the

executable that produces the output you are currently reading.

4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it

to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:

$ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:

https://cloud.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:

https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/

2. docker非root配置

# 查看是否存在docker用户组

$ cat /etc/group | grep docker

# 如果不存在docker用户组，则创建

$ sudo groupadd docker

# 添加当前用户到docker组中

$ sudo gpasswd -a ${USER} docker

# 重启docker

$ sudo systemctl restart docker