oracle地址配置方式,oracle的环境配置-网络配置的方法

网络配置的方法：

1、tnsname客户端--A 直接修改文件

B 通过客户端工具“网络配置助手”--win端直接打开调用Linux端，netca命令调出配置工具

2、监听器配置--服务器端

客户端配置监听服务室没有任何意义的，因为客户端没有oracle server

监听器配置文件：/u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ cat listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

(PROGRAM = extproc)

)

)

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))

)

)

服务器端配置一个监听器

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ cat listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER1 =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))

)

) --新的监听器，监听器监听是1522端口

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

(PROGRAM = extproc)

)

)

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))

)

)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

一个数据库实例被多个监听器监听案例

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl  status  --默认打开的是LISTENER

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER1  --打开的是第二个监听器

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 06-JUN-2014 14:28:42

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER1

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production

Start Date                06-JUN-2014 14:26:15

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 2 min. 26 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener1.log

Listening Endpoints Summary...

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))

The listener supports no services

The command completed successfully

将ORCL注册到第二个监听器：

修改监听器配置文件：

LISTENER1 =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))

)

)

SID_LIST_LISTENER1 =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

(PROGRAM = extproc)

)

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME=ORCL)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

)

)

通过监听器2访问：创建一个1522端口的连接串访问。

LISTENER1(1522)        LISTENER(1521)

|                         |

---------------------------

|

ORCL

|

Oracle软件

并发访问：一个群组通过1521访问，一个群组通过1522访问.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

一个监听器监听多个端口案例

方法1：服务器端用netmgr工具添加端口

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ cat listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER1 =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1527))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1528))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1529))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1530))

)

)

SID_LIST_LISTENER1 =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

(PROGRAM = extproc)

)

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = ORCL)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

)

)

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1523))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1524))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1525))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1526))

)

)

方法2：直接改这个配置文件

另外两个监听器都需要配置SID_LIST_串，监听器配置文件最终：

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ cat listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER1 =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1527))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1528))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1529))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1530))

)

)

SID_LIST_LISTENER1 =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

(PROGRAM = extproc)

)

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = ORCL)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

)

)

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1523))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1524))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1525))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1526))

)

)

架构图：

LISTENER1(1522、1527~1530)        LISTENER(1521、1523~1526)

|                                           |

----------------------------------------------

|

ORCL

|

Oracle软件

尝试通过不同的监听器不同的端口访问oracle server

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 06-JUN-2014 14:54:41

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production

Start Date                06-JUN-2014 14:48:35

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 6 min. 5 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log

Listening Endpoints Summary...

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1521)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1523)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1524)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1525)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1526)))

Services Summary...

Service "ORCL" has 2 instance(s).

Instance "ORCL", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "ORCLXDB" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "ORCL_XPT" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER1

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 06-JUN-2014 14:54:47

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER1

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production

Start Date                06-JUN-2014 14:49:08

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 5 min. 39 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener1.log

Listening Endpoints Summary...

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1527)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1528)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1529)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1530)))

Services Summary...

Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "ORCL", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

静态注册--监听参数是手工添加的，启动监听后强制将ORCL注册到监听器。由于是强制的，只能确认监听器是正确的，但是

数据库不一定访问通，所以状态为UNKNOW。但是能否访问不是和这个状态有关系的。

动态注册--根据监听配置文件中的配置，由oracle的后台进程pmon将ORCL注册到监听器，而且是一定能访问通的，因为            PMON进程会测试。但是PMON不是时时刻刻都去注册的，有时间间隔，所以先启动数据库再启动监听不一定

马上监到，    有时间的延迟，因为pmon的工作是有时间间隔的。一旦监听到，状态为ready，即一定能访问通。

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ ps -ef|grep ora_pmon

oracle    9190     1  0 11:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_ORCL

Oracle默认监听的注册方法是动态注册，即往默认的监听器LISTENER上注册，listener.ora文件中不需要SID_LIST_LISTENER即可。但是静态注册必须要SID_LIST_LISTENER串和LISTENER串。

LISTENER1 =                        --LISTENER1静态注册

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1527))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1528))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1529))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1530))

)

)

SID_LIST_LISTENER1 =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

(PROGRAM = extproc)

)

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = ORCL)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

)

)

LISTENER =                                   --LISTENER动态注册

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1523))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1524))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1525))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1526))

)

)

可以改变默认的注册监听器：即将默认的监听器由LISTENER改为LISTENER1(LISTENER1改为动态的，LISTENER改为静态的)，需要做以下几步：

step1：在oracle server的tnsname.ora文件中配置一个连接串：

ORCL =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.1.3.3)(PORT = 1522))   --1522对应的监听器是非默认的LISTENER1

)

)

step2：修改oracle参数：

SQL> alter system set local_listener=ORCL;

系统已更改。   --这样oracle默认往1522对应的监听器上做动态注册。

step3：修改listener.ora文件

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ cat listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER1 =                 --LISTENER1变为动态注册

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1527))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1528))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1529))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1530))

)

)

SID_LIST_LISTENER =     --LISTENER变为静态注册

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

(PROGRAM = extproc)

)

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = ORCL)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

)

)

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1523))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1524))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1525))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1526))

)

)

step4：动态注册不能马上生效，要等pmon进程，有延迟，但是可以强制马上

SQL> alter system register; --不等pmon，强制注册

系统已更改。

step5：确认

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 06-JUN-2014 16:05:49

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production

Start Date                06-JUN-2014 15:46:21

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 19 min. 28 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log

Listening Endpoints Summary...

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1521)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1523)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1524)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1525)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1526)))

Services Summary...

Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "ORCL", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...          --LISTENER为静态注册

Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER1

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 06-JUN-2014 16:06:24

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER1

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production

Start Date                06-JUN-2014 15:46:28

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 19 min. 56 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener1.log

Listening Endpoints Summary...

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1527)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1528)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1529)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1530)))

Services Summary...

Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...   --LISTENER1为动态注册

Service "ORCLXDB" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "ORCL_XPT" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

注意：

1、一个实例只能有一个动态注册监听器，可以有多个静态注册的监听器。

2、动态注册监听器在某些时候是不可用的，pmon休息的时候，此时需要加一个静态注册监听，这样保证数据库可以时时刻刻对外访问。

3、多个监听器可以均衡访问的负载

4、到底用默认还是非默认的监听器做动态注册，取决于local_listener参数，默认是NULL，表示默认LISTENER是动态注册的，如果有值，根据值找到动态注册的监听器。