Python实现简单的websocket_python实现websocket-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/weixin_42466638/article/details/125563545

本文介绍了一个使用Python实现的简易WebSocket对话程序，包括服务器端代码及HTML客户端页面代码。该程序能够处理基本的文本消息交互，并通过WebSocket实现实时通信。

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实现简单的对话程序，代码如下：

# !/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import struct
import socket
import base64
import hashlib
import threading


def get_headers(data):
    headers = {}
    data = str(data, encoding='utf-8')
    header, body = data.split('\r\n\r\n', 1)
    header_list = header.split('\r\n')
    for i in header_list:
        i_list = i.split(':', 1)
        if len(i_list) >= 2:
            headers[i_list[0]] = "".join(i_list[1::]).split()
        else:
            i_list = i.split(" ", 1)
            if i_list and len(i_list) == 2:
                headers["method"] = i_list[0]
                headers["protocol"] = i_list[1]
    return headers


def send_msg(conn, msg_bytes):
    token = b'\x81'
    length = len(msg_bytes)
    if length < 126:
        token += struct.pack('B', length)
    elif length <= 0xFFFF:
        token += struct.pack('!BH', 126, length)
    else:
        token += struct.pack('!BQ', 127, length)
    msg = token + msg_bytes
    conn.sendall(msg)
    return True


# 解码
def parse_payload(payload):
    payload_len = payload[1] & 127
    if payload_len == 126:
        extend_payload_len = payload[2:4]
        mask = payload[4:8]
        decoded = payload[8:]
    elif payload_len == 127:
        extend_payload_len = payload[2:10]
        mask = payload[10:14]
        decoded = payload[14:]
    else:
        extend_payload_len = None
        mask = payload[2:6]
        decoded = payload[6:]
    bytes_list = bytearray()
    for i in range(len(decoded)):
        chunk = decoded[i] ^ mask[i % 4]
        bytes_list.append(chunk)
    body = str(bytes_list, encoding='utf-8')
    return body


# 建立连接
def handler_accept(socke):
    while True:
        sock, addr = socke.accept()
        data = socke.recv(8096)
        headers = get_headers(data)
        response_tpl = "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\r\n" \
                       "Upgrade:websocket\r\n" \
                       "Connection: Upgrade\r\n" \
                       "Sec-WebSocket-Accept:%s\r\n" \
                       "WebSocket-Location:ws://%s\r\n\r\n"
        magic_string = '258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11'
        if headers.get('Sec-WebSocket-Key'):
            value = headers['Sec-WebSocket-Key'][0] + magic_string
        ac = base64.b64encode(hashlib.sha1(value.encode('utf-8')).digest())
        response_str = response_tpl % (ac.decode('utf-8'), headers.get("Host"))
        sock.sendall(bytes(response_str, encoding="utf-8"))
        t = threading.Thread(target=handler_msg, args=(sock,))
        t.start()


# 回应网页客户端的信息
def handler_msg(sock):
    with sock as c:
        while True:
            data_recv = c.recv(8096)
            if data_recv[0:1] == b'\x81':
                data_recv = parse_payload(data_recv)
                if data_recv == "你好呀":
                    send_msg(c, bytes('你好，请问你需要什么帮助？', encoding='utf-8'))
                elif data_recv == "退出":
                    break
        sock.close()



# 启动本地服务
def server_socket():
    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
    sock.bind(("127.0.0.1", 5000))
    sock.listen(5)
    # 启动线程
    t = threading.Thread(target=handler_accept(sock))
    

if __name__ == '__main__':
    server_socket()

HTML页面的代码：

<!DOCTYPE html>
</html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
<body>
<h3>WebSocketTest</h3>
<div id="login">
    <div>
        <input id="serverIP" type="text" placeholder="服务器IP" value="127.0.0.1" autofocus="autofocus"/>
        <input id="serverPort" type="text" placeholder="服务器端口" value="5000"/>
        <input id="btnConnect" type="button" value="连接" onclick="connect()"/>
    </div>
    <div>
        <input id="sendText" type="text" placeholder="发送文本" value="I'm WebSocket Client!"/>
        <input id="btnSend" type="button" value="发送" onclick="send()"/>
    </div>
    <div>
        <div>
            来自服务端的消息
        </div>
        <textarea id="txtContent" cols="50" rows="10" readonly="readonly"></textarea>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
<script>
        var socket;
        function connect() {
            var host = "ws://" + $("serverIP").value + ":" + $("serverPort").value + "/"
            socket = new WebSocket(host);
            try {
                socket.onopen = function (msg) {
                    $("btnConnect").disabled = true;
                    alert("连接成功！");
                };
                socket.onmessage = function (msg) {
                    if (typeof msg.data == "string") {
                        displayContent(msg.data);
                    }
                    else {
                        alert("非文本消息");
                    }
                };
                socket.onclose = function (msg) { alert("socket closed!") };
            }
            catch (ex) {
                log(ex);
            }
        }
        function send() {
            var msg = $("sendText").value
            socket.send(msg);
        }
        window.onbeforeunload = function () {
            try {
                socket.close();
                socket = null;
            }
            catch (ex) {
            }
        };
        function $(id) { return document.getElementById(id); }
        Date.prototype.Format = function (fmt) { //author: meizz
            var o = {
                "M+": this.getMonth() + 1, //月份
                "d+": this.getDate(), //日
                "h+": this.getHours(), //小时
                "m+": this.getMinutes(), //分
                "s+": this.getSeconds(), //秒
                "q+": Math.floor((this.getMonth() + 3) / 3), //季度
                "S": this.getMilliseconds() //毫秒
            };
            if (/(y+)/.test(fmt)) fmt = fmt.replace(RegExp.$1, (this.getFullYear() + "").substr(4 - RegExp.$1.length));
            for (var k in o)
                if (new RegExp("(" + k + ")").test(fmt)) fmt = fmt.replace(RegExp.$1, (RegExp.$1.length == 1) ? (o[k]) : (("00" + o[k]).substr(("" + o[k]).length)));
            return fmt;
        }

        function displayContent(msg) {
            $("txtContent").value += "\r\n" +new Date().Format("yyyy/MM/dd hh:mm:ss")+ ":  " + msg;
        }
        function onkey(event) { if (event.keyCode == 13) { send(); } }
</script>
</html>