第六章 分支语句和逻辑运算符
1. 编写一个程序,读取键盘输入,直到遇到@符号为止,并回显输入(数字除外),
同时将大写字符转换为小写,将小写字符转换为大写(别忘了cctype函数系列)。
1.1 使用 if-else-if
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
char a;
cin >> a; //或cin.get(a); //再或a=cin.get();
while(a !='@')
{
if (isupper(a))
{
a = tolower(a);
cout << a;
}
else if (islower(a))
{
a = toupper(a);
cout << a;
}
cin >> a; //或cin.get(a); //再或a=cin.get();
}
return 0;
}
//或者
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
char a;
while(cin >> a && a !='@') //或 while(cin.get(a) && a !='@')
{
if (isupper(a))
{
a = tolower(a);
cout << a;
}
else if (islower(a))
{
a = toupper(a);
cout << a;
}
}
return 0;
}
2.1 使用 if+continue
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
char a;
while(cin >> a && a !='@')
{
if (isupper(a))
{
a = tolower(a);
cout << a;
continue;
}
if (islower(a))
{
a = toupper(a);
cout << a;
continue;
}
}
return 0;
}
2. 编写一个程序,最多将10个donation值读入到一个double数组中(如果您愿意,也可以使用模板类array)。
程序遇到非数字输入时将结束输入,并报告这些数字的平均值以及数组中有多少个数字大于平均值。
2.1 版本1
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
double donation[10];
int i = 0;
double sum = 0;
double average = 0;
int num = 0;
cout << "最多输入10个数字,输入任意非数字结束\n";
while (i < 10 && cin >> donation[i])
{
sum = sum + donation[i];
i++;
average = sum/i;
}
for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
{
if (donation[j] > average)
num++;
}
cout << "数组中共有" << i << "个数,其中大于平均值" << average << "的有" << num << "个。";
return 0;
}
2.2 版本2
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
double donation[10];
int i = 0;
double sum = 0;
double average = 0;
int num = 0;
cout << "最多输入10个数字,输入任意非数字结束\n";
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
if(cin >> donation[i])
{
sum = sum + donation[i];
average = sum /(i+1);
}
else
break;
}
for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
{
if (donation[j] > average)
num++;
}
cout << "数组中共有" << i << "个数,其中大于平均值" << average << "的有" << num << "个。";
return 0;
}
3. 编写一个菜单驱动程序的雏形。该程序显示一个提供4个选项的菜单————每一个选项用一个字母标记。
如果用户使用有效选项之外的字母进行响应,程序将提示用户输入一个有效的字母,直到用户这样做为止。
然后,该程序使用一条switch语句,根据用户的选择执行一个简单的操作。
该程序的运行情况如下:
Please enter one of the following choices:
c) carnivore p) pianist
t) tree g) game
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
char a;
cout << "Please enter one of the following choices:\n";
cout << "c) carnivore p) pianist\n";
cout << "t) tree g) game\n";
while(cin >> a)
{
switch (a)
{
case 'c' : cout << "A maple is a carnivore.";
break;
case 'p' : cout << "A maple is a pianist.";
break;
case 't' : cout << "A maple is a tree.";
break;
case 'g' : cout << "A maple is a game.";
break;
default : cout << "Please enter a c, p, t, or g: ";
}
}
return 0;
}
4. 加入Benevolent Order of Programmer后,在BOP大会上,人们可通过加入者的真实姓名、头衔或秘密BOP来了解他(她)。
请编写一个程序,可以使用真实姓名、头衔、秘密姓名或成员preference(书中翻译为偏好,个人认为应该翻译为优先权)来 列出成员。编写该程序时,请使用下面的结构:
//Benevolent Order of Programmers name structure
struct bop{
char fullname[strsize];
char title[strsize];
char bopname[strsize];
int preference; // 0 = fullname, 1 = title, 2 = bopname
};
该程序创建一个由上述结构组成的小型数组,并将其初始化为适当的值。
另外,该程序是用一个循环,让用户在下面的选项中进行选择:
a. display by name b. display by title
c. display by bopname d. display by preference
q. quit
注意,“display by preference”,并不意味着显示成员的preference,而是意味着根据成员的preference来列出成员。
例如:如果preference为1,则选择d将显示程序员的头衔。该程序运行情况如下:
Benevolent Order of Programmers Report
a. display by name b. display by title
c. display by bopname d. display by preference
q. quit
Enter your choice: a
Wimp Macho
Raki Rhodes
Celia Laiter
Hoppy Hipman
Pat Hand
Next choice: d
Wimp Macho
Junior Programmer
MIPS
Analyst Trainee
LOOPY
Next choice: q
Bye!
#include <iostream>
void choice_a();
void choice_b();
void choice_c();
void choice_d();
const int strsize = 30;
const int num =5;
char a;
struct bop{
char fullname[strsize];
char title[strsize];
char bopname[strsize];
int preference; // 0 = fullname, 1 = title, 2 = bopname
};
bop number[num] =
{
{"Wimp Macho", "WM头衔", "WM秘密姓名",0},
{"Raki Rhodes", "Junior Programmer","RR秘密姓名",1},
{"Celia Laiter", "CL头衔","MIPS",2},
{"Hoppy Hipman", "Analyst Trainee","HH秘密姓名",1},
{"Pat Hand", "PH头衔","LOOPY",2}
};
int main()
{
using namespace std;
cout << "Benevolent Order of Programmers Report\n";
cout << "a. display by name b. display by title\n";
cout << "c. display by bopname d. display by preference\n";
cout << "q. quit\n";
cout << "Enter your choice: ";
while(cin >> a && a != 'q')
{
switch (a)
{
case 'a' : choice_a();
break;
case 'b' : choice_b();
break;
case 'c' : choice_c();
break;
case 'd' : choice_d();
break;
default : cout << "Please enter a a, b, c, or d: ";
}
cout << "Next choice: ";
}
cout << "Bye!";
return 0;
}
void choice_a()
{
using namespace std;
for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
cout << number[i].fullname << endl;
}
void choice_b()
{
using namespace std;
for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
cout << number[i].title << endl;
}
void choice_c()
{
using namespace std;
for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
cout << number[i].bopname << endl;
}
void choice_d()
{
using namespace std;
for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
if (number[i].preference == 0)
cout << number[i].fullname << endl;
else if (number[i].preference == 1)
cout << number[i].title << endl;
else if (number[i].preference == 2)
cout << number[i].bopname << endl;
}
}
5. 在Neutronia王国,货币单位是tvarp,收入所得税的计算方式如下:
5000 tvarp:不收税
5001~15000 tvarps: 10%
15001~35000 tvarps: 15%
35000 tvarps以上: 20%
5.1 版本1
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
unsigned double income;
unsigned double tax;
cout << "请输入您的收入(tvarp):";
while(cin >> income)
{
if (income <= 5000)
tax = 0;
else if (income <= 15000)
tax = (income-5000)*0.1;
else if (income <= 35000)
tax = (income-15000)*0.15 + (15000-5000)*0.1;
else
tax = (income-35000)*0.2 + (35000-15000)*0.15 + (15000-5000)*0.1;
cout << "您的所得税金额为:" << tax << "tvarp";
}
cout << "end";
return 0;
}
5.2 版本2
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
double income;
double tax;
cout << "请输入收入金额:";
while(cin >> income && income > 0)
{
double a = income-5000;
if (a > 0)
{
double b = a - 10000;
if (b > 0)
{
double c = b - 20000;
if (c > 0)
tax = 5000*0.00+10000*0.1+20000*0.15+c*0.20;
else
tax = 5000*0.00+10000*0.1+b*0.15;
}
else
tax = 5000*0.00+a*0.1;
}
else
tax = 0;
cout << "收入为" << income << "tvarps时,所得税为" << tax <<"tvarps\n";
}
return 0;
}
6. 编写一个程序,记录捐助给“维护合法权益团体”的资金。该程序要求用户输入捐献者的数目,
然后要求用户输入每一个捐献者的姓名和款项。这些信息被存储在一个动态分配的数组里。
每一个结构有两个成员:用来存储姓名的字符数组(或string对象)和用来存储款项的double成员。
读取所有数据后,程序将显示所有捐款超过10000的捐款者的姓名即捐款数额。
该列表应包含一个标题,指出下面的捐款者是重要捐款人(Grand Patrons)。
然后,程序将列出其他的捐款者,该列表要以Patrons开头。
如果某种类别没有捐献者,则程序打印单词“none”。
给程序只显示这两种类别,而不进行排序。
6.1 版本1
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
struct message
{
char name[20];
double money;
};
int num;
int j = 0;
int k = 0;
cout << "请输入捐献者的数目:";
cin >> num;
cin.get();
message* full = new message [num];
for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
cout << "请输入第" << i+1 << "位捐款者的姓名:";
cin.get(full[i].name, 20).get();
cout << "请输入第" << i+1 << "位捐款者的数额:";
cin >> full[i].money;
cin.get();
}
cout << "Grand Patrons:\n";
for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
if (full[i].money > 10000)
{
cout << full[i].name << "\t\t\t" << full[i].money << endl;
j++;
}
}
if(j == 0)
cout << "none\n";
cout << "Patrons:\n";
for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
if (full[i].money <= 10000)
{
cout << full[i].name << "\t\t\t" << full[i].money << endl;
k++;
}
}
if(k == 0)
cout << "none\n";
return 0;
}
7. 编写一个程序,每次读取一个单词,直到用户只输入q。然后,给程序指出有多少个单词以元音打头。
有多少个单词以辅音打头,还有多少个单词不属于这两类。
为此,方法之一是,使用isalpha()来区分以字母和其他字符打头的单词,
然后对于通过了isalpha()测试的单词,使用if或switch语句来确定哪些以元音打头。
该程序运行情况如下:
Enter words (q to quit):
The 12 awesome oxen ambles
quietly across 15 meters of lawn. q
5 words beginning with vowels
4 words beginning with consonants
2 others
7.1 版本1
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cctype>
int isvowels(char);
int main()
{
using namespace std;
string word;
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
int k = 0;
cout << "Enter words (q to quit):\n";
while (cin >> word && word!="q")
{
if(isalpha(word[0]))
{
if (isvowels(word[0]))
i++;
else
j++;
}
else
k++;
}
cout << i << " words beginning with vowels\n";
cout << j << " words beginning with consonants\n";
cout << k << " others";
return 0;
}
int isvowels(char a)
{
a = tolower(a);
if (a == 'a' || a == 'e' || a == 'i' || a == 'o' || a == 'u')
return 1;
else
return 0;
}
7.2 版本2
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cctype>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
string str;
int i = 0;
int n = 0;
int t = 0;
cout << "Enter words (q to quit):\n";
while (cin >> str)
{
if (str.length()==1 && str[0]=='q')
break;
else
{
if (isalpha(str[0]))
{
if (str[0] == 'a' || str[0] == 'e' || str[0] == 'i' || str[0] == 'o' || str[0] == 'u'
|| str[0] == 'A' || str[0] == 'E' || str[0] == 'I' || str[0] == 'O' || str[0] == 'U')
i++;
else
n++;
}
else
t++;
}
}
cout << i << "words beginning with vowels\n";
cout << n << "words beginning with consonants\n";
cout << t << "others";
return 0;
}
8. 编写一个程序,它打开一个文件,逐字符地读取该文件,直到达到文件末尾,然后指出该文件中包含多少字符。
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <cstdlib>
int n = 0;
int main()
{
using namespace std;
ifstream inFile; //声明ifstream对象
inFile.open("123.txt"); //将ifstream对象与特定文件关联
if (!inFile.is_open()) //检查是否正确打开文件
{
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
char ch;
while(ch = inFile.get() != EOF)
n += 1;
cout << n;
return 0;
}
9. 完成编程练习6,但从文件中读取所需的信息。该文件的第一项应为捐款人数,余下的内容应为成对的行。
在每一对中,第一行为捐款人姓名。第二行为捐款数额。即该文件类似于下面:
4
Sam Stone
2000
Freida Flass
100500
Tammy Tubba
5000
Rich Raptor
55000
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <cstdlib>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
struct message
{
char name[20];
double money;
};
int num;
int j = 0;
int k = 0;
ifstream inFile; //声明ifstream对象
inFile.open("excise6.txt"); //将ifstream对象与特定文件关联
if (!inFile.is_open()) //检查是否正确打开文件
{
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
cout << "请输入捐献者的数目:";
inFile >> num;
inFile.get();
message* full = new message [num];
for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
cout << "请输入第" << i+1 << "位捐款者的姓名:";
inFile.get(full[i].name, 20).get();
cout << "请输入第" << i+1 << "位捐款者的数额:";
inFile >> full[i].money;
inFile.get();
}
cout << "Grand Patrons:\n";
for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
if (full[i].money > 10000)
{
cout << full[i].name << "\t\t\t" << full[i].money << endl;
j++;
}
}
if(j == 0)
cout << "none\n";
cout << "Patrons:\n";
for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
if (full[i].money <= 10000)
{
cout << full[i].name << "\t\t\t" << full[i].money << endl;
k++;
}
}
if(k == 0)
cout << "none\n";
return 0;
}