研究发现了一种新的颗粒气体稳态，其特征是高能尾部遵循幂律分布。这种状态适用于任意碰撞规则和维度，并且通过数值模拟在系统中注入高能粒子来实现。分析表明，指数σ连续依赖于空间维度、碰撞率的齐次指数和恢复系数。提出这些稳态可能在驱动颗粒系统中实验实现。
摘要：
A new class of stationary states in granular gases where energy is transfered from large velocity scales to small velocity scales is found. These steady-states exist for arbitrary collision rules and arbitrary dimension. Their signature is a velocity distribution f(v) with an algebraic high-energy tail, f(v)v^-σ. The exponent σ is obtained analytically and it varies continuously with the spatial dimension, the homogeneity index characterizing the collision rate, and the restitution coefficient. These stationary states are realized in numerical simulations in which energy is injected into the system by infrequently boosting particles to high velocities. It is proposed that these states may be realized experimentally in driven granular systems.
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