Spring Factories | spring.factories | SPI

本文详细介绍了SpringBoot中的一种解耦扩展机制:SpringFactories,它是仿照Java的SPI机制实现的,用于在模块间不硬编码实现类,增强系统的可插拔性和灵活性。通过在jar包中配置spring.factories文件,可以实现接口的动态加载。

该文章转载自:https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/lvoyee/article/details/82017057

Spring Boot中有一种非常解耦的扩展机制:Spring Factories。这种扩展机制实际上是仿照Java中的SPI扩展机制来实现的。

什么是 SPI机制

SPI的全名为Service Provider Interface.大多数开发人员可能不熟悉,因为这个是针对厂商或者插件的。在java.util.ServiceLoader的文档里有比较详细的介绍。
简单的总结下java SPI机制的思想。我们系统里抽象的各个模块,往往有很多不同的实现方案,比如日志模块的方案,xml解析模块、jdbc模块的方案等。面向的对象的设计里,我们一般推荐模块之间基于接口编程,模块之间不对实现类进行硬编码。一旦代码里涉及具体的实现类,就违反了可拔插的原则,如果需要替换一种实现,就需要修改代码。为了实现在模块装配的时候能不在程序里动态指明,这就需要一种服务发现机制。
java SPI就是提供这样的一个机制:为某个接口寻找服务实现的机制。有点类似IOC的思想,就是将装配的控制权移到程序之外,在模块化设计中这个机制尤其重要。

Spring Boot中的SPI机制

在Spring中也有一种类似与Java SPI的加载机制。它在META-INF/spring.factories文件中配置接口的实现类名称,然后在程序中读取这些配置文件并实例化。
这种自定义的SPI机制是Spring Boot Starter实现的基础。

spring.factories

Spring Factories实现原理

spring-core包里定义了SpringFactoriesLoader类,这个类实现了检索META-INF/spring.factories文件,并获取指定接口的配置的功能。在这个类中定义了两个对外的方法:

loadFactories 根据接口类获取其实现类的实例,这个方法返回的是对象列表。
loadFactoryNames 根据接口获取其接口类的名称,这个方法返回的是类名的列表。
上面的两个方法的关键都是从指定的ClassLoader中获取spring.factories文件,并解析得到类名列表,具体代码如下

    private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
        MultiValueMap<String, String> result = cache.get(classLoader);
        if (result != null) {
            return result;
        }

        try {
            Enumeration<URL> urls = (classLoader != null ?
                    classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION) :
                    ClassLoader.getSystemResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION));
            result = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
            while (urls.hasMoreElements()) {
                URL url = urls.nextElement();
                UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url);
                Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
                for (Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : properties.entrySet()) {
                    String factoryClassName = ((String) entry.getKey()).trim();
                    for (String factoryName : StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String) entry.getValue())) {
                        result.add(factoryClassName, factoryName.trim());
                    }
                }
            }
            cache.put(classLoader, result);
            return result;
        }
        catch (IOException ex) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [" +
                    FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex);
        }
    }

从代码中我们可以知道,在这个方法中会遍历整个ClassLoader中所有jar包下的spring.factories文件。也就是说我们可以在自己的jar中配置spring.factories文件,不会影响到其它地方的配置,也不会被别人的配置覆盖。

spring.factories的是通过Properties解析得到的,所以我们在写文件中的内容都是安装下面这种方式配置的:

com.xxx.interface=com.xxx.classname

如果一个接口希望配置多个实现类,可以使用’,’进行分割。

spring-boot包中的spring.factories文件

在Spring Boot的很多包中都能够找到spring.factories文件,下面就是spring-boot包中的spring.factories文件

# PropertySource Loaders
org.springframework.boot.env.PropertySourceLoader=\
org.springframework.boot.env.PropertiesPropertySourceLoader,\
org.springframework.boot.env.YamlPropertySourceLoader

# Run Listeners
org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener=\
org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener

# Error Reporters
org.springframework.boot.SpringBootExceptionReporter=\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.FailureAnalyzers

# Application Context Initializers
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=\
org.springframework.boot.context.ConfigurationWarningsApplicationContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.context.ContextIdApplicationContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.web.context.ServerPortInfoApplicationContextInitializer

# Application Listeners
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\
org.springframework.boot.ClearCachesApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.builder.ParentContextCloserApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.FileEncodingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.AnsiOutputApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.logging.ClasspathLoggingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.logging.LoggingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.liquibase.LiquibaseServiceLocatorApplicationListener

# Environment Post Processors
org.springframework.boot.env.EnvironmentPostProcessor=\
org.springframework.boot.cloud.CloudFoundryVcapEnvironmentPostProcessor,\
org.springframework.boot.env.SpringApplicationJsonEnvironmentPostProcessor,\
org.springframework.boot.env.SystemEnvironmentPropertySourceEnvironmentPostProcessor

# Failure Analyzers
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.FailureAnalyzer=\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.BeanCurrentlyInCreationFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.BeanNotOfRequiredTypeFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.BindFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.BindValidationFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.UnboundConfigurationPropertyFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.ConnectorStartFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.PortInUseFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.ValidationExceptionFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.InvalidConfigurationPropertyNameFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.InvalidConfigurationPropertyValueFailureAnalyzer

# FailureAnalysisReporters
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.FailureAnalysisReporter=\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.LoggingFailureAnalysisReporter

#autoconfigure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\

在日常工作中,我们可能需要实现一些SDK或者Spring Boot Starter给被人使用时,
我们就可以使用Factories机制。Factories机制可以让SDK或者Starter的使用只需要很少或者不需要进行配置,只需要在服务中引入我们的jar包即可。


链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/00e49c607fa1
来源:简书
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权,非商业转载请注明出处。

排查结果如下: 1.使用mvn dependency:tree返回如下信息: [INFO] --- maven-dependency-plugin:3.1.2:tree (default-cli) @ zysygh --- [INFO] com.ghzy:zysygh:jar:0.1.196 [INFO] +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-redis:jar:2.2.13.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter:jar:2.2.13.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot:jar:2.2.13.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-autoconfigure:jar:2.2.13.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | +- jakarta.annotation:jakarta.annotation-api:jar:1.3.5:compile [INFO] | | \- org.yaml:snakeyaml:jar:1.25:runtime [INFO] | +- org.springframework.data:spring-data-redis:jar:2.2.12.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | +- org.springframework.data:spring-data-keyvalue:jar:2.2.12.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | | \- org.springframework.data:spring-data-commons:jar:2.2.12.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | +- org.springframework:spring-tx:jar:5.2.12.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | +- org.springframework:spring-oxm:jar:5.2.12.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | \- org.springframework:spring-aop:jar:5.2.12.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | \- io.lettuce:lettuce-core:jar:5.2.2.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | +- io.netty:netty-common:jar:4.1.58.Final:compile [INFO] | +- io.netty:netty-handler:jar:4.1.58.Final:compile [INFO] | | +- io.netty:netty-resolver:jar:4.1.58.Final:compile [INFO] | | +- io.netty:netty-buffer:jar:4.1.58.Final:compile [INFO] | | \- io.netty:netty-codec:jar:4.1.58.Final:compile [INFO] | +- io.netty:netty-transport:jar:4.1.58.Final:compile [INFO] | \- io.projectreactor:reactor-core:jar:3.3.13.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | \- org.reactivestreams:reactive-streams:jar:1.0.3:compile [INFO] +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-mail:jar:2.2.13.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-context-support:jar:5.2.12.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | +- org.springframework:spring-beans:jar:5.2.12.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | \- org.springframework:spring-context:jar:5.2.12.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | \- com.sun.mail:jakarta.mail:jar:1.6.5:compile [INFO] | \- com.sun.activation:jakarta.activation:jar:1.2.2:compile [INFO] +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf:jar:2.2.13.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | +- org.thymeleaf:thymeleaf-spring5:jar:3.0.12.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | \- org.thymeleaf:thymeleaf:jar:3.0.12.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | +- org.attoparser:attoparser:jar:2.0.5.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | \- org.unbescape:unbescape:jar:1.1.6.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | \- org.thymeleaf.extras:thymeleaf-extras-java8time:jar:3.0.4.RELEASE:compile [INFO] +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web:jar:2.2.13.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-json:jar:2.2.13.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype:jackson-datatype-jdk8:jar:2.10.5:compile [INFO] | | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype:jackson-datatype-jsr310:jar:2.10.5:compile [INFO] | | \- com.fasterxml.jackson.module:jackson-module-parameter-names:jar:2.10.5:compile [INFO] | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-tomcat:jar:2.2.13.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | +- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:jar:9.0.41:compile [INFO] | | +- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-el:jar:9.0.41:compile [INFO] | | \- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-websocket:jar:9.0.41:compile [INFO] | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-validation:jar:2.2.13.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | +- jakarta.validation:jakarta.validation-api:jar:2.0.2:compile [INFO] | | \- org.hibernate.validator:hibernate-validator:jar:6.0.22.Final:compile [INFO] | | +- org.jboss.logging:jboss-logging:jar:3.4.1.Final:compile [INFO] | | \- com.fasterxml:classmate:jar:1.5.1:compile [INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-web:jar:5.2.12.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | \- org.springframework:spring-webmvc:jar:5.2.12.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | \- org.springframework:spring-expression:jar:5.2.12.RELEASE:compile [INFO] +- org.mybatis.spring.boot:mybatis-spring-boot-starter:jar:2.3.2:compile [INFO] | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-jdbc:jar:2.2.13.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | +- com.zaxxer:HikariCP:jar:3.4.5:compile [INFO] | | \- org.springframework:spring-jdbc:jar:5.2.12.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | +- org.mybatis.spring.boot:mybatis-spring-boot-autoconfigure:jar:2.3.2:compile [INFO] | \- org.mybatis:mybatis-spring:jar:2.1.2:compile [INFO] +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-logging:jar:2.2.13.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | +- ch.qos.logback:logback-classic:jar:1.2.3:compile [INFO] | | \- ch.qos.logback:logback-core:jar:1.2.3:compile [INFO] | \- org.slf4j:jul-to-slf4j:jar:1.7.30:compile [INFO] +- mysql:mysql-connector-java:jar:8.0.26:runtime [INFO] +- org.projectlombok:lombok:jar:1.18.16:compile (optional) [INFO] +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test:jar:2.2.13.RELEASE:test [INFO] | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-test:jar:2.2.13.RELEASE:test [INFO] | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-test-autoconfigure:jar:2.2.13.RELEASE:test [INFO] | +- com.jayway.jsonpath:json-path:jar:2.4.0:test [INFO] | | \- net.minidev:json-smart:jar:2.3:test [INFO] | | \- net.minidev:accessors-smart:jar:1.2:test [INFO] | | \- org.ow2.asm:asm:jar:5.0.4:test [INFO] | +- jakarta.xml.bind:jakarta.xml.bind-api:jar:2.3.3:test [INFO] | | \- jakarta.activation:jakarta.activation-api:jar:1.2.2:test [INFO] | +- org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter:jar:5.5.2:test [INFO] | | +- org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:jar:5.5.2:test [INFO] | | | +- org.opentest4j:opentest4j:jar:1.2.0:test [INFO] | | | \- org.junit.platform:junit-platform-commons:jar:1.5.2:test [INFO] | | +- org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-params:jar:5.5.2:test [INFO] | | \- org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:jar:5.5.2:test [INFO] | +- org.junit.vintage:junit-vintage-engine:jar:5.5.2:test [INFO] | | +- org.apiguardian:apiguardian-api:jar:1.1.0:test [INFO] | | +- org.junit.platform:junit-platform-engine:jar:1.5.2:test [INFO] | | \- junit:junit:jar:4.12:test [INFO] | +- org.mockito:mockito-junit-jupiter:jar:3.1.0:test [INFO] | +- org.assertj:assertj-core:jar:3.13.2:test [INFO] | +- org.hamcrest:hamcrest:jar:2.1:test [INFO] | +- org.mockito:mockito-core:jar:3.1.0:test [INFO] | | +- net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy:jar:1.10.19:test [INFO] | | +- net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy-agent:jar:1.10.19:test [INFO] | | \- org.objenesis:objenesis:jar:2.6:test [INFO] | +- org.skyscreamer:jsonassert:jar:1.5.0:test [INFO] | | \- com.vaadin.external.google:android-json:jar:0.0.20131108.vaadin1:test [INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-core:jar:5.2.12.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | \- org.springframework:spring-jcl:jar:5.2.12.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-test:jar:5.2.12.RELEASE:test [INFO] | \- org.xmlunit:xmlunit-core:jar:2.6.4:test [INFO] +- com.aliyun:aliyun-java-sdk-core:jar:4.5.3:compile [INFO] | +- com.google.code.gson:gson:jar:2.8.6:compile [INFO] | +- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient:jar:4.5.13:compile [INFO] | | \- commons-codec:commons-codec:jar:1.13:compile [INFO] | +- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpcore:jar:4.4.14:compile [INFO] | +- commons-logging:commons-logging:jar:1.2:compile [INFO] | +- javax.xml.bind:jaxb-api:jar:2.3.1:compile [INFO] | | \- javax.activation:javax.activation-api:jar:1.2.0:compile [INFO] | +- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.agent:jar:runtime:0.8.5:compile [INFO] | +- org.ini4j:ini4j:jar:0.5.4:compile [INFO] | +- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.7.30:compile [INFO] | +- io.opentracing:opentracing-api:jar:0.33.0:compile [INFO] | \- io.opentracing:opentracing-util:jar:0.33.0:compile [INFO] | \- io.opentracing:opentracing-noop:jar:0.33.0:compile [INFO] +- com.aliyun:dysmsapi20170525:jar:4.1.0:compile [INFO] | +- com.aliyun:tea-util:jar:0.2.23:compile [INFO] | +- com.aliyun:endpoint-util:jar:0.0.7:compile [INFO] | +- com.aliyun:tea:jar:1.3.1:compile [INFO] | | \- com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:jar:3.14.9:compile [INFO] | | \- com.squareup.okio:okio:jar:1.17.2:compile [INFO] | +- com.aliyun:tea-openapi:jar:0.3.8:compile [INFO] | | +- com.aliyun:credentials-java:jar:1.0.1:compile [INFO] | | | \- com.aliyun:credentials-api:jar:1.0.0:compile [INFO] | | +- com.aliyun:alibabacloud-gateway-spi:jar:0.0.2:compile [INFO] | | \- com.aliyun:tea-xml:jar:0.1.6:compile [INFO] | | \- org.dom4j:dom4j:jar:2.0.3:compile [INFO] | \- com.aliyun:openapiutil:jar:0.2.2:compile [INFO] | \- org.bouncycastle:bcprov-jdk18on:jar:1.78.1:compile [INFO] +- com.alibaba:fastjson:jar:1.2.75:compile [INFO] +- org.mybatis:mybatis:jar:3.5.9:compile [INFO] +- org.jetbrains:annotations:jar:13.0:compile [INFO] +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-configuration-processor:jar:2.2.13.RELEASE:compile (optional) [INFO] +- redis.clients:jedis:jar:3.1.0:compile [INFO] | \- org.apache.commons:commons-pool2:jar:2.7.0:compile [INFO] +- io.jsonwebtoken:jjwt-api:jar:0.11.5:compile [INFO] +- io.jsonwebtoken:jjwt-impl:jar:0.11.5:runtime [INFO] \- io.jsonwebtoken:jjwt-jackson:jar:0.11.5:runtime [INFO] \- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:jar:2.10.5.1:compile [INFO] +- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-annotations:jar:2.10.5:compile [INFO] \- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:jar:2.10.5:compile [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2.applicaion.properties中的配置内容为logging.config=classpath:logback-spring.xml 3.src/main/resources目录下存在logback-spring.xml文件,但之前里面没有那两行<include>配置项,现已添加。
最新发布
07-19
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