第九章 微服务项目的整合和测试

第九章 微服务项目的整合和测试

9.1 微服务项目整合

9.1.1 微服务项目结构预览

9.1.2 微服务项目功能介绍

1.microservice-eureka-server（Eureka注册中心）

文件9-1 application.yml

spring:
    application:
        name: eureka-server # 指定应用名称
server:
  port: 8761
eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false
    fetch-registry: false
    service-url:
#      defaultZone: http://localhost:${server.port}/eureka/
#      上线测试需要使用以下配置
      defaultZone: http://eureka-server:${server.port}/eureka/

2.microservice-gateway-zuul（Zuul API 网关）

文件9-2 application.yml

spring:
  application:
    name: gateway-zuul # 指定应用名称

#  cloud:
 #   inetutils:
 #     preferred-networks:
   #   - 10.0   # 设置注册到Eureka中心的优选服务地址

server:
  port: 8050

eureka:
#  instance:
 #     prefer-ip-address: true  #优选通过IP地址找到对应的服务名称

  client:
    #配置eureka注册中心地址
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
#      上线测试需要使用以下配置
 #     defaultZone: http://eureka-server:8761/eureka/

#设置Hystrix熔断器判定超时时间
#hystrix:
#  command:
#    default:
#      execution:
#        isolation:
#          thread:
#            timeoutInMilliseconds: 60000
zuul:
  ignoredServices: '*'
  routes:
    user-service:
      path: /user-service/**
      serviceId: user-service
    order-service:
       path: /order-service/**
       serviceId: order-service

3.microservice-orderservice（订单管理微服务）

文件9-3 application.yml ·

#DB Configuration
spring:
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/microservice_mallmanagement
#    与Docker整合时可使用以下配置（也可以使用具体的ip+端口）
#    url: jdbc:mysql://mysql:3306/microservice_mallmanagement
    username: root
    password: 123456
  application:
      name: order-service # 指定应用名称

#  cloud:
#    inetutils:
#     preferred-networks:
#      - 10.0   # 设置注册到Eureka中心的优选服务地址

server:
  port: 7900 # 指定该Eureka实例的端口号
eureka:
#  instance:
#        prefer-ip-address: true  #优选通过IP地址找到对应的服务名称

  client:
    service-url:
     defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/  #配置eureka注册中心地址
#      上线测试需要使用以下配置
#      defaultZone: http://eureka-server:8761/eureka/

文件9-4OrderController.java

package com.itheima.controller;
import com.itheima.mapper.OrderMapper;
import com.itheima.po.Order;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/order")
public class OrderController {
	@Autowired
	private OrderMapper orderMapper;

	@GetMapping(path="/findOrders/{userid}")
	@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "findOrderfallback") //断路器
	public List<Order> findOrder(@PathVariable("userid") Integer userid) {
		List<Order> orders=  this.orderMapper.selectOrder(userid);
		return  orders;
	}
	//针对上面断路器发现的问题编写回调方法（参数和返回值要一样）
	public List<Order> findOrderfallback(Integer userid) {
		List<Order> orders =new ArrayList<>();
		return orders;
	}
}

4.microservice-userservice（用户管理微服务）

文件9-5 application.yml ·

#DB Configuration
spring:
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/microservice_mallmanagement
#    与Docker整合时可使用以下配置（也可以使用具体的ip+端口）
#    url: jdbc:mysql://mysql:3306/microservice_mallmanagement
    username: root
    password: 123456
  application:
      name: user-service # 指定应用名称
#  cloud:
#      inetutils:
#        preferred-networks:
#        - 10.0   # 设置注册到Eureka中心的优选服务地址
server:
  port: 8030 # 指定该Eureka实例的端口号
eureka:
#  instance:
#          prefer-ip-address: true  #优选通过IP地址找到对应的服务名称
  client:
    service-url:
       defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/  #配置eureka注册中心地址
#      上线测试需要使用以下配置
#      defaultZone: http://eureka-server:8761/eureka/
#客户端动态访问常量配置
ORDERSERVICEURL: http://order-service/

文件9-6 UserController.java

package com.itheima.controller;

import com.itheima.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.itheima.po.Order;
import com.itheima.po.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.ParameterizedTypeReference;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
	@Autowired
	private RestTemplate restTemplate;
	@Autowired
	private UserMapper userMapper;
	@Value("${ORDERSERVICEURL}")
	private String ORDERSERVICEURL;

	@GetMapping(path="/findOrders/{username}")
	public List<Order> getOrderByUsername(@PathVariable("username")
												String username) {
		User user = this.userMapper.selectUser(username);
		//使用Ribbon后，可以使用http://order-service/而不用使用ip+端口
		ResponseEntity<List<Order>> rateResponse =
			      restTemplate.exchange(ORDERSERVICEURL
					+"/order/findOrders/"+user.getId(),
					HttpMethod.GET, null, 
					new ParameterizedTypeReference<List<Order>>(){});
		List<Order> orders = rateResponse.getBody();
		return orders;
	}
}

微服务项目的启动和测试

文件9-7 microservice_mallmanagement.sql

CREATE DATABASE microservice_mallmanagement;
USE microservice_mallmanagement;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tb_order;
CREATE TABLE tb_order (
id int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
createtime datetime DEFAULT NULL,
number varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
userid int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=UTF8;
INSERT INTO tb_order VALUES (‘1’, ‘2017-10-09 10:15:44’, ‘201709181459001’, ‘1’);
INSERT INTO tb_order VALUES (‘2’, ‘2017-10-24 18:22:12’, ‘201709181459008’, ‘1’);

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tb_user;
CREATE TABLE tb_user (
id int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
address varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
username varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=UTF8;
INSERT INTO tb_user VALUES (‘1’, ‘beijing’, ‘shitou’);

(1)测试接口方法


（2）测试API网关服务

9.2接口可视化工具-Swagger-UI

Swagger-UI使用方法

1.下载Swagger-UI项目

https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui

2.引入Swagger-UI

3.加入Swagger依赖

		<dependency>
			<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
			<artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
			<version>2.2.2</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
			<artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
			<version>2.2.2</version>
		</dependency>

4.编写配置类

package com.itheima.config;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.util.StopWatch;
import springfox.documentation.service.ApiInfo;
import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType;
import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.Docket;
import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2;
import java.util.Date;
import static springfox.documentation.builders.PathSelectors.regex;
@Configuration
@EnableSwagger2
public class SwaggerConfiguration {
	//定义API接口映射路径	
    public static final String DEFAULT_INCLUDE_PATTERN = "/user/.*";
    private final Logger log = 
    		LoggerFactory.getLogger(SwaggerConfiguration.class);
    @Bean
    public Docket swaggerSpringfoxDocket() {
      log.debug("Starting Swagger");
      StopWatch watch = new StopWatch();
      watch.start();
      //用于生成对应API接口文档的描述信息，可省略
      ApiInfo apiInfo = new ApiInfo("用户管理API接口测试文档","description",
        		"termsOfServiceUrl","contact","version","","");
      Docket docket = new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2)
        .apiInfo(apiInfo)
        .genericModelSubstitutes(ResponseEntity.class)
        .forCodeGeneration(true)
        .genericModelSubstitutes(ResponseEntity.class)
        .directModelSubstitute(java.time.LocalDate.class, String.class)
        .directModelSubstitute(java.time.ZonedDateTime.class, Date.class)
        .directModelSubstitute(java.time.LocalDateTime.class, Date.class)
        .select()                
        .paths(regex(DEFAULT_INCLUDE_PATTERN))//匹配路径生成对应接口文档 
        .build();
      watch.stop();
      log.debug("Started Swagger in {} ms", watch.getTotalTimeMillis());
      return docket;
    }
}

9.2 Swagger-UI使用测试

1.整合测试

2.接口测试

订单管理API接口测试文档

用户管理API接口测试文档

接口测试结果

本章小结

本章主要讲解了微服务项目的整合以及接口测试。通过本章的学习，读者可以对微服务项目的使用有进一步的认识，熟悉Spring Boot 和Spring Cloud相关组件的整合开发，同时还可以掌握接口测试工具Swagger-UI的简单使用。