Selenium+PhantomJS 报错原因+解决方案+优化方案

本文介绍了在使用Selenium+PhantomJS时遇到的报错问题,提供了解决方案——降低Selenium版本,并推荐转向Selenium+Chrome或Selenium+Firefox。还分享了Chrome的参数配置、模拟移动设备、禁止图片加载、设置User-Agent及添加代理的方法,以及如何利用Selenium添加浏览器扩展。

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使用selenium+PhantomJS动态抓取网页时,出现如下报错信息:

UserWarning: Selenium support for PhantomJS has been deprecated, please use headless versions of Chrome or Firefox instead
  warnings.warn('Selenium support for PhantomJS has been deprecated, please use headless '

这个提示的意思就是:

selenium最新版本已经放弃PhantomJS,建议使用火狐或者谷歌无界面浏览器。

解决方案

降低Selenium版本

通过pip show selenium显示,默认安装版本为3.8.1。 
将其卸载pip uninstall selenium,重新安装并指定版本号 pip install selenium==2.48.0。 
再次运行,就不会提示这个信息了。

优化方案

使用Selenium+Chrome 或者 Selenium+Firefox 这里聊聊Selenium+Chrome的使用以及参数配置的情况

不带参数配置直接使用Selenium+Chrome比较简单:

from selenium import webdriver

# 启动浏览器
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
# 模拟请求
driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')

带参数配置:

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

# 实例化一个启动参数对象
chrome_options = Options()
# 无界面运行(无窗口)
chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
# 启动浏览器
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
# 请求百度首页
driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')

                
v2.45.0 ======= * Supports native events for Firefox versions 31 (current ESR), and 24 (immediately previous ESR). Native event support has been discontinued for versions of Firefox later than 33. * Removed automatic installation of SafariDriver extention for .NET. From this point forward, users are expected to manually install the SafariDriver extension into their Safari installation in order to drive the browser. This is due to Apple's changes in architecture for Safari extensions. * Added initial implementation of .NET bindings OperaDriver. The .NET bindings will now support the Chromium-based Opera driver without requiring the use of the Java remote WebDriver server. This driver will work with Opera 26 and above, and requires the download of the Opera driver executable. Code cleanup and refactoring will take place under a separate commit. Note that there is still no support in the .NET bindings for the Presto-based Opera without using the remote server, nor is there likely to be. * Added option to not delete anonymous Firefox profile in .NET. This change adds an option to the .NET FirefoxProfile class so that the driver will not delete the anonymous profile created by the driver. Since the driver cannot and should not use an existing profile in situ because of the multiple instance automation case, this change means that modifications applied to the anonymous profile can be retained and used in future anonymous profiles. The implication is that the user can now make modifications to a profile, and retain those profile modifications (e.g., cookies) into other future profiles, simulating persistent changes over multiple browser launches. Fixes issue #7374. * Introduced type safe option in InternetExplorerOptions to set the capability to disable check of mime type of the doucment when setting cookies. When setting cookies, there is a check in the IE driver to validate that the page in the browser is, in fact, an HTML page. Despite the fact that omitting this check can cause unrecoverable crashes in the driver, there is demand for a mechanism to disable this check for older, legacy versions of Internet Explorer. Fixes issue #1227. v2.44.0 ======= * Supports native events for Firefox versions 33 (current), 32 (immediately previous release), 31 (current ESR), and 24 (immediately previous ESR). * Rolled back improper spec compliance for finding elements. * Fixed WebDriverBackedSelenium compatibility with IE5. Fixes issue #7938. v2.43.1 ======= * Point-release to correct version resources in .NET bindings assemblies. No functional changes. v2.43.0 ======= * Supports native events for Firefox versions 32 (current), 31 (immediately previous release and current ESR), and 24 (immediately previous ESR). * Integrated the Microsoft Internet Explorer driver implementation into the .NET bindings. By setting the Implementation property of the .NET bindings' InternetExplorerDriverService class, the user can now force the driver to use the Microsoft implementation. Note that the default is to use the existing open-source implementation based on the Automation Atoms. Over time as the Microsoft implementation matures, this will be switched to use the Microsoft implementation, first by default, then exclusively. To use the Microsoft implementation, the user must have the August 2014 updates to Internet Explorer installed through Windows Update, and must install the IE Web Driver Tool for Internet Explorer 11 download from Microsoft (http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=44069). * Added safe check for window.localStorage in .NET WebDriverBackedSelenium implementation. Patch provided by Timofey Vasenin. * Implemented pluggable element locator factories for .NET PageFactory. This change allows the user to specify a custom IElementLocatorFactory for locating elements when used with the PageFactory. This gives much more control over the algorithm used to locate elements, and allows the incorporation of things like retries or handling of specific exceptions. * Issue #7367: Set Json.NET to ignore dates when parsing response values. * Issue #7419: Added support for SwitchTo().ParentFrame() in .NET bindings. This brings the .NET bindings into parity with other languages. * Belatedly removed long-obsolete .NET tests for AndroidDriver.
<think>好的,我现在需要帮助用户解决代码中第六行的报错问题。首先,用户提到了第六行报错,但没有给出具体的错误信息或代码片段,这让我需要先推测可能的常见错误类型。 根据用户提供的四个引用,可能涉及的问题包括库版本不兼容、依赖安装问题、环境配置错误或框架特定的Bug。例如,引用[1]提到ECharts 5.x版本引入方式的变化导致错误,引用[2]提到Flink的特定版本存在Bug,引用[3]涉及pip安装问题,引用[4]关于SeleniumPhantomJS的兼容性问题。 首先,我需要用户提供更多上下文,比如错误信息、使用的库及版本,以及代码片段。但由于用户没有给出,只能基于常见情况进行假设。 假设第六行涉及库的初始化,比如类似ECharts的init未定义错误,可能是因为版本升级导致API变化。解决方案可能包括检查库版本,调整导入方式,或安装兼容版本。 另一种可能是环境问题,比如未正确安装依赖,或者路径错误。例如,pip安装失败(引用[3])可能导致模块缺失,进而引发错误。此时需要检查安装状态,使用镜像源或升级pip。 如果涉及框架Bug,如引用[2]中的Flink问题,可能需要升级到修复版本。或者像PhantomJS已弃用,需改用无头浏览器(引用[4]),这可能涉及代码调整。 此外,代码语法错误,如变量未声明、括号不匹配,或函数参数错误,也可能导致第六行报错。需要用户检查语法是否正确。 综合来看,可能的解决步骤包括: 1. 查看具体错误信息,确定错误类型。 2. 检查使用的库版本是否兼容,必要时降级或升级。 3. 确保依赖正确安装,环境配置无误。 4. 查阅官方文档或社区,确认是否有已知问题及解决方案。 5. 检查代码语法和逻辑,排除拼写错误或结构问题。 由于信息有限,建议用户提供更详细的错误描述,以便更精准地解决问题。</think>### 第六行报错原因分析及解决方案 #### 常见原因推测(基于引用信息) 1. **依赖版本不兼容** - 如引用[^1]中提到的ECharts 5.x版本与旧版API冲突,若第6行涉及类似库的初始化(如`init()`函数未定义),可能是因版本升级导致API变更。 - **解决方案**:检查使用的库版本,对照官方文档调整语法。例如: ```python # ECharts 5.x正确引入方式 from pyecharts.charts import Line line = Line().init_chart() # 而非旧版line = echarts.init() ``` 2. **依赖未正确安装或缺失** - 如引用[^3]中提到的`pip`安装失败或卡顿问题,可能导致模块无法导入。 - **解决方案**: - 重新安装依赖:`pip install --upgrade 库名` - 使用国内镜像源:`pip install 库名 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple` 3. **框架/工具已知Bug** - 如引用[^2]中Flink的版本Bug,若第6行涉及特定框架调用,可能是版本问题。 - **解决方案**:升级到修复版本(如Flink 1.6.1)或查阅官方Issues确认兼容性。 4. **代码逻辑或语法错误** - 变量未定义、函数参数错误、符号缺失等基础语法问题。 - **示例**: ```python # 错误:未定义变量x直接使用 y = x + 1 # NameError: name 'x' is not defined ``` --- #### 分步排查指南 1. **查看完整报错信息** - 定位错误类型(如`TypeError`, `ImportError`, `NameError`)。 2. **检查依赖版本与文档** - 运行`pip show 库名`确认版本,对比官方文档的API要求。 3. **简化代码测试** - 注释其他代码,仅保留第6行相关逻辑,验证最小可复现问题。 4. **环境隔离验证** - 使用虚拟环境(如`venv`)排除全局依赖污染: ```bash python -m venv myenv source myenv/bin/activate # Linux/macOS myenv\Scripts\activate # Windows pip install 所需依赖 ``` --- ### 相关问题 1. 如何避免Python依赖版本冲突? 2. 常见的`ImportError`有哪些解决方法? 3. 如何快速定位代码中的语法错误? --- 若提供具体错误信息或代码片段,可进一步精准分析!
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