使用python3+selenium爬取知乎文章

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-09 23:47:04 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-03-09 23:47:04 发布

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分类专栏： selenium python 文章标签： python selenium 爬虫

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本文介绍了一个使用Python编写的知乎专栏爬虫实例，通过Selenium和PyQuery抓取指定用户的专栏文章列表，包括文章标题、链接、作者等信息，并将数据存储到MongoDB中。该爬虫展示了页面加载等待、数据解析及存储的完整流程。

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import re
import time
import pymongo
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq


MONGO_URL = 'localhost'
MONGO_DB = 'zhihu'
MONGO_COLLECTION = 'mujj_posts'
MAX_PAGE = 1


chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
#browser = webdriver.Chrome()

wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10)
client = pymongo.MongoClient(MONGO_URL)
db = client[MONGO_DB]

def index_page(page):
    """
    抓取索引页
    :param page: 页码
    :return:
    """
    print('正在爬取第', page, '页')
    try:
        url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/people/WanPlusSW/posts?page=' + str(page)
        browser.get(url)
        wait.until(
            EC.text_to_be_present_in_element((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.Pagination .PaginationButton--current'))

        )
        wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'Profile-mainColumn .List .List-item')))
        browser.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight)")
        time.sleep(3)
        get_posts()
    except TimeoutException:
        index_page()

def get_posts():
    """
    提取文章数据
    :return:
    """
    html = browser.page_source
    doc = pq(html)
    items = doc('#Profile-posts .List-item').items()
    for item in items:
        urlstr = item.find('.ContentItem.ArticleItem').attr('data-zop')
        pattern = re.compile('"itemId":(.*?),')
        urlid = re.findall(pattern, urlstr)
        commentstr = item.find('.ContentItem-actions .ContentItem-action.Button--plain').text()
        pattern = re.compile('(\d+)')
        commentnum = re.findall(pattern, commentstr)
        if len(commentnum) == 0:
            commentnum.append('0')
        mujj_posts = {
            'title': item.find('.ContentItem-title').text(),
            'url': 'https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/' + urlid[0],
            'authorname': item.find('.ContentItem-meta .AuthorInfo-content .UserLink-link').text(),
            'authorurl': 'https:' + str(item.find('.ContentItem-meta .AuthorInfo-content .UserLink-link').attr('href')),
            'like': int(item.find('.ContentItem-actions .LikeButton').text()),
            'commentnum': int(commentnum[0])
        }
        print(mujj_posts)
        save_to_mongo(mujj_posts)


def save_to_mongo(result):
    """
    保存至MongoDB
    :param result:
    :return:
    """
    try:
        if db[MONGO_COLLECTION].insert(result):
            print('存储到MongoDB成功')
    except Exception:
        print('存储到MongoDB失败')

def main():
    """
    遍历每一页
    :return:
    """
    for i in range(1, MAX_PAGE + 1):
        index_page(i)
    browser.close()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()