c7语言大小字母转换,语言学C7-2.ppt

语言学C7-2

2002.11.5 Chapter 7-2 Socialinguistics Chapter 7 (2) Language and Society (Sociolinguistics) Main Points in the Lecture 1. Social factors: 1) class; 2) gender; 3) age; 4) ethnic identity; 5) education background; 6) occupation; and 7) religious belief. 2. Language Variation: Dialect; Accent; Sociolect; Idiolect; Pidgin and Creole. 3. Social variation: Frozen; Formal; Informal; Casual and Intimate. 4. Register: 1) MODE (语式) 2) FIELD (语场) 3) TENOR (语旨) 7.2.1 How does language relate to society? Sociolinguistics is the field that studies the relation between language and society, between the uses of language and the social structures in which the users of language live. It is a field of study that assumes that human society is made up of many related patterns and behaviors, some of which are linguistic. 7.2.2 A situationally and socially variationist perspective (情景与社会变异者视角) Two ways of the study of the relationships between language and society: Macro-sociolinguistics ( a bird’s-eye view) Micro-sociolinguistics ( the point of view of an individual member within it) We may expand the scope of our observation by introducing some social factors that are believed to influence our language behavior in a social context. Among these social factors, some major ones include: 1) class; 2) gender; 3) age; 4) ethnic (种族的) identity; 5) education background; 6) occupation; and 7) religious belief. We are going to focus on some factors and show their impact upon one's language use. 7.2.3 What should we know more about sociolinguistics? It is a very rare situation when a language is in isolation, especially today. There are many contacts in which language is used, such as: Military Conquest, Border areas, Trade, Bilingualism, Cultural Conquest, Television, Internet/Web, Books and Technology of other kinds. 1. Varieties related to the user According to the research, we can divide language varieties into the following types: Regional Dialect (方言) : a regional