docker及docker-compose 常用命令总结及其解析

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诸葛老刘

已于 2024-07-03 14:56:24 修改

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分类专栏： docker进阶文章标签： docker 常用命令 1024程序员节

于 2019-05-03 22:29:36 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/weixin_39791387/article/details/89792267

文章目录

0 强烈推荐的docker学习网站
1. 启动docker服务
2. 拉取镜像:
2. 使用docker运行镜像
- 一个小问题：

0 强烈推荐的docker学习网站

docker 从入门到实战

1. 启动docker服务

[root@laoliu src]# service docker start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start docker.service
[root@laoliu src]#

表示docker服务已经启动

2. 拉取镜像:

[root@laoliu ~]# docker login https://hub.someweb.com
# 默认拉取镜像的命令格式
[root@laoliu ~]# docker pull hello-world
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/hello-world ... 
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/hello-world
1b930d010525: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:92695bc579f31df7a63da6922075d0666e565ceccad16b59c3374d2cf4e8e50e
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/hello-world:latest

# 从 国内站c.163.com 拉取nginx镜像, 当然, 使用第一种方式也OK
[root@laoliu ~]# docker pull hub.c.163.com/library/nginx
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository hub.c.163.com/library/nginx ... 
latest: Pulling from hub.c.163.com/library/nginx
5de4b4d551f8: Pull complete 
d4b36a5e9443: Pull complete 
0af1f0713557: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:f84932f738583e0169f94af9b2d5201be2dbacc1578de73b09a6dfaaa07801d6
Status: Downloaded newer image for hub.c.163.com/library/nginx:latest
[root@laoliu ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                    TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        4 months ago        1.84 kB
hub.c.163.com/library/nginx   latest              46102226f2fd        2 years ago         109 MB
[root@laoliu ~]#

2. 使用docker运行镜像

镜像运行起来之后,就是容器,此时可以向容器内部传输文件或重写某些文件, 但是:若容器被停止, 容器内部的文件及修改文件都将全部失效, 所以此种方式可用于测试容器的某些特性, 持久性的解决方案如下:
- 1. 编写Dockerfile (推荐), 在Dockerfile内使用相关命令给出解决方式
- 2. 使用docker commit 命令持久更新镜像

# 在docker下使用ubuntu运行echo命令并输出, 这条命令也做了pull的事情, 
[root@laoliu src]# docker run ubuntu echo hello world
Unable to find image 'ubuntu:latest' locally
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/ubuntu ... 
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/ubuntu
898c46f3b1a1: Pull complete 
63366dfa0a50: Pull complete 
041d4cd74a92: Pull complete 
6e1bee0f8701: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:017eef0b616011647b269b5c65826e2e2ebddbe5d1f8c1e56b3599fb14fabec8
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/ubuntu:latest
hello world

# docker 下运行nginx
[root@laoliu src]# docker run nginx
Unable to find image 'nginx:latest' locally
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/nginx ... 
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/nginx
27833a3ba0a5: Pull complete 
ea005e36e544: Pull complete 
d172c7f0578d: Pull com