北京大学计算机学院 罗匡,理想大学寻觅:一个现象学考察

摘要

现象学作为20世纪西方重要的哲学流派对人文社会科学产生了广泛深远的影响,但直到20世纪末叶才真正影响中国教育学界,而对高等教育学界的影响则极其微弱。进入新世纪以来,随着中国高等教育大众化的快速推进,高等教育意义发生了根本性的转换,个体生命的价值开始凸显并成为高等教育活动中最具影响力的主题。传统研究范式在揭示高等教育宏大命题上的意义是不容怀疑的,但在揭示个体微观世界方面却捉襟见肘,而现象学研究范式则找到了用武之地。现象学关注生活世界,为人们祛除科学主义迷障提供了武器。从现象学视域看,高等教育的使命无外乎实现人的自我解放,高等教育研究目的无外乎对理想大学的追寻,从而为大学里生活的人们找到自我解放之途,摆脱管理主义的种种束缚。现象学的本质直观方法为高等教育研究转型提供了方法论指导,可促使高等教育研究尽快地进入人们的内心世界,走向真正的生活世界。

Phenomenology as an important philosophical school has generated a broad and deep influence on humanities and social sciences.It was until the end of the 20~(th)century that it influenced Chinese academics in education while exterted very little impact on higher education studies.After turning into new century,along with the rapid higher education massification,the meaning of higher education changed,and the value of individual lives has been increasingly becoming an influential issue.Unquestionably,traditional research paradigms are useful and valuable for discussing the grand topics,but they are poor at disclosing a micro world of individuals.However phenomenology can deal with this very well.Phenomenology focuses on life world and offers tools to deal with the obstacles from Scientism.From the perspective of Phenomenology,the mission of higher education is no more than to realize self-emancipation of individuals,and the purpose of higher education research is to look for the ideal university for people who live in the university,find a good way of self-emancipation,and get rid of the constrains from managerialism.Essential Intuition of Phenomenology can provide an effective guide for the transition of higher education research on the methodology wise and lead the research entering the people's inner world as soon as possible,and bring it toward the real life world.