vagrant 移除盒子环境还存在_说说如何搭建微服务开发虚拟机环境？-优快云博客

因为微服务项目一般涉及的工程较多，所以在开发环境会把这些工程部署到虚拟机中，方便测试。

首先给出微服务开发虚拟机环境相关软件清单：

Vagrant 2.2.10
VirtualBox 6.1.16
Windows PowerShell(windows 10 自带)

我们的目标是在 windows 10 下，构建出 Vagrant 管控的、底层基于 VirtualBox 虚拟机技术的 CentOS 环境。

因为会用到底层虚拟化技术，所以我们需要首先在任务管理器的"性能"页签下，确认是否已启用虚拟化技术，如果没有需要在主板 Bios 中开启。

1、Vagrant

Vagrant 是一个虚拟机管理工具，通过它，我们可以快速实现虚拟机镜像分发和使用。

Vagrant 官网地址：https://www.vagrantup.com/

vagrant /ˈveɪɡrənt/

One who wanders from place to place without a permanent home or a means of livelihood.

(1)下载与安装

从 Vagrant 的下载页找到对应操作系统版本的 msi 安装程序。

下载之后，双击 msi 即可进行安装。

安装过程中，我们可以选择 Vagrant 的安装路径：

其它没有什么特别的注意点，就是 Copying new files 过程会稍微久一些：

(2)验证

Vagrant 安装成功后，在命令行输入 vagrant version，就可以看到如下输出：

也可以使用 vagrant -v命令来查看版本号。

2、VirtualBox

VirtualBox 是一款功能强大的虚拟机软件，由于安装过程较简单，所以这里就不赘述咯。

因为镜像文件占用很大的存储空间，所以最好放在非系统盘中。

在 VirtualBox 中点击管理 -》全局设定

进入“常规”设置选项卡，在此可配置虚拟电脑位置：

3、安装 Vagrant Box

Vagrant中有两个重要概念：Box和Machine。Box指的是虚拟机应用镜像文件，比如 CentOS 应用。Machine指的是处于运行状态的虚拟机。

这里用到的 CentOS 来源于 app.vagrantup.com/boxes/searc…

安装 box： vagrant box add [box_name] file:///[box_path]

形如：vagrant box add --force --name centos7 C:甥敳獲86135Documentsdeniro-softMSA-CentOS7.box

注意：box 所在的 URI 必须是ascii 码，所以 box 所在的文件夹不能出现中文名。

如果需要覆盖已存在的 box，可以在之前的命令中加入 --force。

Vagrant2.x 的vagrant box add 命令说明摘录如下：

Usage: vagrant box add [options] Options:    -c, --clean                      Clean any temporary download files    -f, --force                      Overwrite an existing box if it exists        --insecure                   Do not validate SSL certificates        --cacert FILE                CA certificate for SSL download        --capath DIR                 CA certificate directory for SSL download        --cert FILE                  A client SSL cert, if needed        --location-trusted           Trust 'Location' header from HTTP redirects and use the same credentials for subsequent urls as for the initial one        --provider PROVIDER          Provider the box should satisfy        --box-version VERSION        Constrain version of the added boxThe box descriptor can be the name of a box on HashiCorp's Vagrant Cloud,or a URL, or a local .box file, or a local .json file containingthe catalog metadata.The options below only apply if you're adding a box file directly,and not using a Vagrant server or a box structured like 'user/box':        --checksum CHECKSUM          Checksum for the box        --checksum-type TYPE         Checksum type (md5, sha1, sha256)        --name BOX                   Name of the box        --[no-]color                 Enable or disable color output        --machine-readable           Enable machine readable output    -v, --version                    Display Vagrant version        --debug                      Enable debug output        --timestamp                  Enable timestamps on log output        --debug-timestamp            Enable debug output with timestamps        --no-tty                     Enable non-interactive output-h, --help                       Print this help

使用 vagrant box remove ，可以删除指定名称的 box。

4、初始化 Vagrant Box

打开 PowerShell(win10 自带，直接在搜索框中可以找到)

Windows PowerShell 是一种命令行外壳程序和脚本环境。

通过该命令 vagrant box list我们可以查看刚才安装的 CentOS Box：

切换到需要安装虚拟机的路径，然后运行 vagrant init ，执行初始化 Box 操作。

命令执行成功后，会在当前路径下生成 Vagrantfile 配置文件。

5、vagrantfile 配置

在 vagrantfile 中，我们一般会配置以下这些参数。

(1)配置 box 名称

config.vm.box = "centos7"

(2)配置私有网络

私有网络的意思是：只有当前主机才可以访问这个虚拟机。语法示例为：config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

(3)配置共享文件夹

Vagrant 提供了将本机目录挂载到虚拟机目录的功能，默认是将Vagrant 配置文件所在目录挂载到虚拟机 /vagrant 目录下。语法示例为：config.vm.synced_folder "C:/VM/Vagrant/data", "/host_data"。注意：本机目录(示例中的 C:/VM/Vagrant/data)必须预先创建好。

配置好后，就会在 vagrant up 命令启动后，看到输出日志：

通过 vagrant ssh 登录 CentOS 系统后，通过 cd / 进入根目录，就会看到主机所共享出来的目录：

(4)配置虚拟机内存与 CPU 数

vb.memory = "2048"vb.cpus = 2

完整 vagrantfile 内容如下：

# -*- mode: ruby -*-# vi: set ft=ruby :# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what# you're doing.Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|  # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.  # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at  # https://docs.vagrantup.com.  # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for  # boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.  config.vm.box = "centos7"  #config.vm.boot_timeout = 600  # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then  # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs  # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.  # config.vm.box_check_update = false  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port  # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,  # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.  # NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port  # within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access  # via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"  # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine  # using a specific IP.  config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"  # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.  # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on  # your network.  # config.vm.network "public_network"  # config.vm.network "public_network",use_dhcp_assigned_default_route: true  # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is  # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is  # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third  # argument is a set of non-required options.  config.vm.synced_folder "C:/VM/Vagrant/data", "/vagrant_data"  # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various  # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.  # Example for VirtualBox:  #   config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|  #   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine     vb.gui = true  #  #   # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:  #   vb.memory = "1024"   end  #  # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more  # information on available options.  config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|    vb.memory = "2048"    vb.cpus = 2  end  # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as  # Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the  # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.  # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <