python类方法调用装饰_Python：装饰一个在继承时要覆盖的类方法-优快云博客

Let's say I have some base class:

class Task:

def run(self):

#override this!

Now, I want others to subclass Task and override the run() method:

class MyTask(Task):

def run(self):

#successful override!

However, the problem is that there is logic that must take place before and after the run() method of every class that subclasses Task.

It seems like one way I could do this would be to define another method in the base class which then calls the run() method. However, I wanted to ask, is there a way to achieve this with decorators? What would be the most pythonic way of doing this?

解决方案

As suggested in the comments, letting the subclasses override a hook instead of run itself would probably be best:

class Task(object):

def run(self):

# before

self.do_run()

# after

class MyTask(Task):

def do_run(self):

...

task = MyTask()

task.run()

However, this is one way you could do it with a class decorator:

def decorate_run(cls):

run = getattr(cls, 'run')

def new_run(self):

print('before')

run(self)

print('after')

setattr(cls, 'run', new_run)

return cls

class Task(object): pass

@decorate_run

class MyTask(Task):

def run(self):

pass

task = MyTask()

task.run()

# prints:

# before

# after

Another way would be to use a metaclass. The advantage of using a metaclass would be that subclasses wouldn't have to be decorated. Task could be made an instance of the metaclass, and then all subclasses of Task would inherit the metaclass automatically.

class MetaTask(type):

def __init__(cls, name, bases, clsdict):

if 'run' in clsdict:

def new_run(self):

print('before')

clsdict['run'](self)

print('after')

setattr(cls, 'run', new_run)

class Task(object, metaclass=MetaTask):

# For Python2: remove metaclass=MetaTask above and uncomment below:

# __metaclass__ = MetaTask

pass