python编辑邮件格式_python3-邮件发送-不同格式

0x00 邮件格式

要发邮件，总要先了解邮件格式吧，这里指的是邮件的各个部分与python中SMTP所对应的一些必须的格式

0x01 简单发送邮件格式如下：

import smtplib

from email.mime.text import MIMEText

from email.header import Header

mail_host = 'smtp.139.com'

mail_user = 'xxx@139.com'

mail_pass = 'xx'

# 邮件定义区域

msg = MIMEText('我是邮件内容','plain','utf-8') # 邮箱正文内容

msg['Subject'] = '我是标题'

# msg['From'] = mail_user # 发件人

msg['From'] = '发件人自定义'+''

msg['To'] = 'xxx@139.com,xxx@163.com' # 收件人

msg['Cc'] = 'xxx@163.com' # 抄送对象

server = smtplib.SMTP()

server.connect(mail_host)

server.login(mail_user,mail_pass)

server.sendmail(msg['From'],msg['To']+msg['Cc'],msg.as_string())

server.quit()

发送效果如下：

0x02 邮件中发送附件

0x21 发送简单文本内容附件

import smtplib

import pandas as pd

from email.mime.text import MIMEText

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart

from email.header import Header

mail_host = 'smtp.163.com'

mail_user = 'xxx@163.com'

mail_pass = 'xx'

receivers = ['xxx@139.com']

def mailsend():

# 创建一个带有附件的实例

msg = MIMEMultipart()

subject = '标题：邮件附件发送测试'

msg['From'] = "xxx"

msg['To'] = ",".join(receivers)

msg['Subject'] = subject

msg['Cc'] = "抄送对象"

msg.attach(MIMEText('正文：python邮件附件发送测试', 'plain', 'utf-8'))

# 附件1 普通文本

att1 = MIMEText(open(r'xxx.txt', 'rb').read(), _subtype='base64',_charset='utf-8')

att1['Content-Type'] = 'text/plain'

att1['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment;filename="test.txt"'

msg.attach(att1)

server = smtplib.SMTP()

server.connect(mail_host)

server.login(mail_user,mail_pass)

server.sendmail(mail_user,receivers,msg.as_string())

server.quit()

0x22 发送excel附件

import smtplib

from email.mime.text import MIMEText

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart

from email.header import Header

from email import encoders

from email.mime.base import MIMEBase

mail_server = 'smtp.163.com' # input("请输入邮箱服务器地址：")

mail_user = 'xxx@163.com' # input("请输入你的邮箱：")

mail_pass = 'xxx' # input("请输入你的邮箱密码或是授权码")

receivers = ['xxx@139.com']

msg = MIMEMultipart() #创建一个邮件实例

msg['From'] = Header('管理员'% mail_user).encode()

msg['To'] = ','.join(receivers)

msg['Subject'] = Header('邮件附件发送测试','utf-8').encode() #邮件标题

msg.attach(MIMEText(body,'plain','utf-8')) #邮件正文

# with open(attachment,'rb')as f:

# mime = MIMEBase('text','txt',filename=attachment)

# mime.add_header('Content-Disposition','attachment',filename=attachment)

# mime.set_payload(f.read())

# encoders.encode_base64(mime)

# msg.attach(mime)

'''

text_part = MIMEBase('text', 'plain')

part = MIMEBase('application', "bitcoin-paymentrequest")

part = MIMEBase("application","zip")

可以看出，不同的文件类型，其发送时的一些格式都不一样，模板不能全部套用

'''

part = MIMEBase("application","octet-stream")

part.set_payload(open(r"xxx.xls","rb").read())

encoders.encode_base64(part)

part.add_header('Content-Disposition','attachment',filename=attachment)

msg.attach(part)

try:

s = smtplib.SMTP()

s.connect(mail_server)

s.login(mail_user,mail_pass)

s.sendmail(mail_user,receivers,msg.as_string())

s.quit()

except Exception as e:

print('错误类型:',e.__class__.__name__)

print('错误明细:',e)

0x23 邮件发送html附件

import smtplib

from email.mime.text import MIMEText

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart

from email.header import Header

from email.utils import parseaddr,formataddr

import requests

def getHtml(url):

html = requests.get(url).text

return html

def mailSend(body):

mail_server = 'smtp.163.com'

mail_user = 'xx@163.com'

mail_pass = 'xx'

receivers = ['xx@139.com']

msg = MIMEMultipart()

msg['From'] = "好好学习" % mail_user

msg['To'] = ','.join(receivers)

msg['Subject'] = "这是一个发送html附件的邮件~"

msg.attach(MIMEText(body,'html','utf-8'))

# try:

link = smtplib.SMTP()

link.connect(mail_server)

link.login(mail_user,mail_pass)

link.sendmail(mail_user,receivers,msg.as_string())

link.quit()

# except Exception as e:

# print("Error:%s" % e)

if __name__ == '__main__':

url = "https://www.cnblogs.com/foe0/p/11926083.html"

body = getHtml(url)

mailSend(body)

我这里测试发的内容是自定义的一段;直接读取url发送的，渲染出现了问题，这里不做关注，不是本节要点。

body = '''

测试邮件

This is a test'''

0x24 邮件发送图片

发送图片时，不定义body文字正文也可以发送出去，但是在邮件中是看不到图片的，这里的body内容就是一个图像展示方式的定义。

import smtplib

from email.mime.text import MIMEText

from email.mime.image import MIMEImage

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart

from email.header import Header

from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr

# 格式化邮件地址

def sendMail(body, image):

smtp_server = 'smtp.163.com'

from_mail = 'x@163.com'

mail_pass = 'x'

to_mail = ['xx@139.com',]

msg = MIMEMultipart()

# Header对中文进行转码

msg['From'] = '管理员 ' % from_mail

msg['To'] = ','.join(to_mail)

msg['Subject'] = Header('图片', 'utf-8')

msg.attach(MIMEText(body, 'html', 'utf-8'))

with open(image,"rb")as f:

pic = MIMEImage(f.read())

pic.add_header('Content-ID','')

msg.attach(pic)

try:

s = smtplib.SMTP()

s.connect(smtp_server, "25")

s.login(from_mail, mail_pass)

s.sendmail(from_mail, to_mail, msg.as_string()) # as_string()把MIMEText对象变成str

s.quit()

except smtplib.SMTPException as e:

print("Error: %s" % e)

if __name__ == "__main__":

body = '''

下边是一张图片

上边是一张图片

'''

sendMail(body, '2.jpg')

0x03 小结

第一节中邮箱格式的填写也不是一成不变，可以根据需要设定一些内容，但要注意一些格式，本人才疏学浅，不能全部列举出来，如果有报错，别的地方都排查过了，可以考虑这些格式，修改为你认为最为稳妥，不会出错的那一种。

第二节能写的不止这些，不同的文件附件读取方式都不太一样，没必要全部列举完，举一反三。

到这里就告一段落，不得不说，邮件发送还是有点坑的地方，主要是第三方调用时，不明白他的具体判定机制，有时候报错554 垃圾邮件，超过上限(绝对没超)的错误时，要灵活修改，比如说：

把自己加入到收件人或抄送对象中

正文或标题不要出现测试字样，test等等；

还有就是163和QQ邮箱的第三方是另外的授权密码，而非原邮箱密码；

再不能解决的问题只能尝试换个邮箱了，对139我是真没辙了。

以上，若有什么问题欢迎指正。

参考链接：