html5水池,分享用canvas实现水流和水池动画的代码

转载于 2021-06-19 15:32:23 发布 · 1.1k 阅读

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本文介绍了如何利用HTML5的canvas标签和oCanvas框架创建水流和水池动画。通过介绍canvas基础、oCanvas框架以及精灵动画的概念，然后详细讲解了如何绘制和更新水池及水流的动画效果，包括水池的初始化、更新和绘制，以及水流的前进、绘制和方向调整。通过示例代码展示了如何实现随机上升气泡和管道水流动画效果。

利用Html 5的canvas标签绘制水流和水池动画

在利用HTML 5的canvas进行动画绘制之前，首先先介绍一下基本知识，包括canvas(如果对canvas比较熟悉的可以直接跳过该节)、oCanvas框架、精灵动画。在了解了以上的基本知识后，就可以开始利用canvas做动画了。

canvas标签简介

在这部分，东西比较多，比较杂，各个网站上都可以找到相关的简介，在此我就不造轮子了，菜鸟上的教程就挺不错的，另外推荐一个相当好的博文玩转html 5 canvas画图,这篇文章介绍的非常详细，推荐好好看看。

canvas框架oCanvas简介

canvas标签功能非常强大，既可以处理图片，又可以进行像素级的处理，完全可以取代浏览器端的flash，但是由于canvas发展还未完善，API还不是太全，元素的事件处理功能等还没有提供接口，在实现一些复杂功能时，尚需耗费许多精力，于是出现了许多第三方的基于canvas 的框架，这些框架相比于原生的canvas标签，有了更多简单易用的API，大大提高了我们编码的效率，在这里我选用的是oCanvas框架，相关的使用文档和demo都可以去上面的链接中查看。

精灵动画简介

精灵动画一般由一组自定义的属性值和3个子函数组成(init、advance、draw)。

三个函数的作用分别如下：

init：初始化精灵动画的属性值

advance：再画下一帧之前首先更新下一帧的状态值

draw：将advance函数中更新的状态值绘制到画布中

以上三个函数的执行顺序是：init->advance->draw->advance->draw->…..一直循环下去。下面我以一个随机产生上升气泡的例子说明一下上面的执行过程。var constructor_bubble = function (settings, core) {

return oCanvas.extend({

core: core,

shapeType: "rectangular",//下面定义了上面我们提到的三个函数：init(),advance(),draw()//在init中，我们map对象组、一个空的数组和一个代表高度的属性值

init: function () {

this.map=[

{r:2,speed:3},

{r:3,speed:3},

{r:4,speed:3},

{r:5,speed:3},

{r:6,speed:3},

{r:7,speed:3},

{r:8,speed:3},

{r:9,speed:3},

{r:10,speed:3}

]; this.points=[]; this.height=this.container.height_now;

},//下面是advance函数，在函数中我们利用if逻辑判断是否添加新的气泡以及进行气泡的位置更新，points数组利用队列的先进先出来存储气泡的

advance: function () {

this.height=this.container.height_now; if(Math.random()>0.95){ var new_point={

x:this.start.x+this.offset*2*(Math.random()-0.5),

y:this.start.y-this.map[0].r,

r:this.map[0].r

}; this.points.push(new_point);

} if(this.points.length>0){ for(var i=0;ithis.height-this.points[i].r-33){ this.points.shift();

}

},//draw函数中，利用canvas的圆弧绘制指令，将points数组中存储的气泡依次画出

draw: function () {

var canvas = this.core.canvas;

canvas.lineJoin = 'round';

canvas.lineWidth = this.GDwidth;

canvas.strokeStyle = "#fff"; if(this.points.length>0){ for(var i=0;i

canvas.beginPath();

canvas.arc(this.points[i].x,this.points[i].y,5,0,2*Math.PI);

canvas.stroke();

canvas.closePath();

}

}, settings);

};

oCanvas.registerDisplayObject("bubble", constructor_bubble, "init");//下面是在应用中定义和添加上面定义的精灵动画，其中：start数组代表了气泡的产生点，container代表了气泡的存在区域var pp1=canvas.display.bubble({

start:{x:425,y:566},

container:SC02,

width:50,

offset:1,

speed:5

}).add();

水流和水池动画实现

下面详细介绍一下，项目中如何实现水流动画和水池动画的详细步骤：

水池动画的绘制var constructor_show = function (settings, core) {

return oCanvas.extend({

core: core,

shapeType: "rectangular",//上面四行都是oCanvas框架的结构语法/*下面init()、advance()、draw()分别是上节中说的动画精灵三元素，第一个用来初始化，第二个用来

更新操作，第三个用来绘制图像/动画在管道对象中，定义了一些属性，包括：x、y、height、width、start、

height_now、full、speed、fill、trail_flag、[trail]。其中x、y分别代表水池参考点相对画布左

上角的位置，height、width是水池的宽高属性，start表征了动画是否开始，height_now代表了水池中水

位的高度，full表征了水池是否填满，speed水池上涨的速度，fill水的颜色，trail_flag表征了该水池

是否是一个标准的矩形，如果不是的话，配合trail属性，指定水池的轮廓*/

init: function () {

//默认动画关闭，水池full为0，当前高度为0

this.start=0; this.full=0; this.height_now=0;

advance: function () {

//如果水池未满并且是开启状态，水位未满就更新当前高度，否则将full置为1

if(this.start==1&&this.full!=1){ if (this.height_now < this.Height) { this.height_now += this.speed;

} else { this.full = 1;

}

draw: function () {

var canvas = this.core.canvas, //先获得水池的位置

origin = this.getOrigin(),

x = this.abs_x - origin.x,

y = this.abs_y - origin.y; //开始绘制

canvas.beginPath();

canvas.strokeStyle = "#000"; if (this.trail_flag == 1) { //如果是不规则图形，描出轮廓

canvas.moveTo(this.trail[0].x_t, this.trail[0].y_t); for (var i = 1; i < this.trail.length; i++) {

canvas.lineTo(this.trail[i].x_t, this.trail[i].y_t);

}

canvas.lineTo(this.trail[0].x_t, this.trail[0].y_t);

canvas.clip();

} if (this.fill !== "") { //设置颜色，绘制矩形水池

canvas.fillStyle = this.fill;

canvas.fillRect(x, y + this.Height - this.height_now, this.Width, this.height_now);

}

canvas.closePath();

}

}, settings);

};//将上面的动画精灵注册进oCanvas的display图形库中oCanvas.registerDisplayObject("SC_show", constructor_show, "init");

管道水流动画的绘制

在管道水流模型中，定义了以下的属性：

destination: 当前水流最前端的位置

cells: 管道路径数组

deta: 方向斜边长

deta_x: 方向x边长

deta_y: 方向y边长

flag_x: 余弦值

flag_y:正弦值

cellIndex: 当前绘制边的index

Speed: 水流速度

GDwidth:水流宽度

LineHeight:水流长度

x_now: 当前绘制点x坐标

y_now: 当前绘制点y坐标

firstX: 管道第一个点坐标x

firstY: 管道第一个点坐标y

beginHeight: 第一段水流的起点位置

endHeight: 上一段管道遗留未画完的水线

legacyHeight: 最前端点在上一个管道留下的长度

paused: 是否开始

fill:水流颜色

full:是否填满

init函数//init函数主要完成初始化工作init: function () {

this.x_now = this.cells[0].x_cell;

this.y_now = this.cells[0].y_cell;

this.firstX = this.x_now;

this.firstY = this.y_now;

this.endHeight = 0;

this.beginHeight = 0;

this.paused=0;

this.full=0;

this.cellIndex = 0;

this.destination.x_d = this.cells[0].x_cell;

this.destination.y_d = this.cells[0].y_cell;

this.legacyHeight = -1;

this.LineHeight=10;

this.Speed=2*this.LineHeight/20;

}

advance函数//advance函数主要实现每次动画的刷新步进操作

advance: function () {

if(this.paused==1){

if (this.cellIndex < this.cells.length - 1) {

this.deta_x = this.cells[this.cellIndex + 1].x_cell - this.cells[this.cellIndex].x_cell;

this.deta_y = this.cells[this.cellIndex + 1].y_cell - this.cells[this.cellIndex].y_cell;

this.deta = Math.sqrt(this.deta_x * this.deta_x + this.deta_y * this.deta_y);

this.flag_x = this.deta_x / this.deta;

this.flag_y = this.deta_y / this.deta;

if (this.legacyHeight >= 0) {

this.cellIndex++;

if (this.cellIndex < this.cells.length - 1) {

this.deta_x = this.cells[this.cellIndex + 1].x_cell - this.cells[this.cellIndex].x_cell;

this.deta_y = this.cells[this.cellIndex + 1].y_cell - this.cells[this.cellIndex].y_cell;

this.deta = Math.sqrt(this.deta_x * this.deta_x + this.deta_y * this.deta_y);

this.flag_x = this.deta_x / this.deta;

this.flag_y = this.deta_y / this.deta;

this.destination.x_d = this.cells[this.cellIndex].x_cell + this.flag_x * this.legacyHeight;

this.destination.y_d = this.cells[this.cellIndex].y_cell + this.flag_y * this.legacyHeight;

if (Math.abs(this.destination.x_d - this.cells[this.cellIndex + 1].x_cell) > this.Speed * Math.abs(this.flag_x) || Math.abs(this.destination.y_d - this.cells[this.cellIndex + 1].y_cell) > this.Speed * Math.abs(this.flag_y)) {

this.legacyHeight = -1;

this.destination.x_d += this.flag_x * this.Speed;

this.destination.y_d += this.flag_y * this.Speed;

}

else {

if (this.flag_x == 0) {

this.legacyHeight = this.Speed - Math.abs(this.destination.y_d - this.cells[this.cellIndex + 1].y_cell) / Math.abs(this.flag_y);

}

else {

this.legacyHeight = this.Speed - Math.abs(this.destination.x_d - this.cells[this.cellIndex + 1].x_cell) / Math.abs(this.flag_x);

}

else {

this.destination.x_d += this.flag_x * this.Speed;

this.destination.y_d += this.flag_y * this.Speed;

if (Math.abs(this.destination.x_d - this.cells[this.cellIndex + 1].x_cell) >= this.Speed * Math.abs(this.flag_x) && Math.abs(this.destination.y_d - this.cells[this.cellIndex + 1].y_cell) >= this.Speed * Math.abs(this.flag_y)) {

this.legacyHeight = -1;

}

else {

if (this.flag_x == 0) {

this.legacyHeight = this.Speed - Math.abs(this.destination.y_d - this.cells[this.cellIndex + 1].y_cell) / Math.abs(this.flag_y);

}

else {

this.legacyHeight = this.Speed - Math.abs(this.destination.x_d - this.cells[this.cellIndex + 1].x_cell) / Math.abs(this.flag_x);

}

}else{

this.full=1;

}

this.deta_x = this.cells[1].x_cell - this.cells[0].x_cell;

this.deta_y = this.cells[1].y_cell - this.cells[0].y_cell;

this.deta = Math.sqrt(this.deta_x * this.deta_x + this.deta_y * this.deta_y);

this.flag_x = this.deta_x / this.deta;

this.flag_y = this.deta_y / this.deta;

if (this.paused == 1) {

if (Math.abs(this.firstX - this.cells[0].x_cell) >= this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_x) && Math.abs(this.firstY - this.cells[0].y_cell) >= this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_y)) {

this.firstX = this.cells[0].x_cell;

this.firstY = this.cells[0].y_cell;

this.beginHeight = 0;

}

else {

if (this.beginHeight < this.LineHeight) {

if (this.beginHeight + this.Speed >= this.LineHeight) {

this.beginHeight = this.LineHeight;

}

else {

this.beginHeight += this.Speed;

}

this.firstX = this.cells[0].x_cell;

this.firstY = this.cells[0].y_cell;

}

else if (this.beginHeight == this.LineHeight) {

this.firstX += this.flag_x * this.Speed;

this.firstY += this.flag_y * this.Speed;

}

draw函数//draw函数在每次advance之后执行，将每次的步进更新重新绘制到画布上

draw: function () {

var canvas = this.core.canvas; this.x_now = this.firstX; this.y_now = this.firstY; this.deta_x = this.cells[1].x_cell - this.cells[0].x_cell; this.deta_y = this.cells[1].y_cell - this.cells[0].y_cell; this.deta = Math.sqrt(this.deta_x * this.deta_x + this.deta_y * this.deta_y); var myEnd = false; this.flag_x = this.deta_x / this.deta; this.flag_y = this.deta_y / this.deta;

canvas.beginPath();

canvas.lineJoin = 'round';

canvas.lineCap="round"; this.endHeight = 0;

canvas.lineWidth = this.GDwidth / 4;

canvas.strokeStyle = this.fill; if (this.beginHeight > 0) {

canvas.moveTo(this.x_now, this.y_now);

canvas.lineTo(this.x_now + this.flag_x * this.beginHeight, this.y_now + this.flag_y * this.beginHeight);

} this.x_now += this.flag_x * (this.beginHeight + this.LineHeight); this.y_now += this.flag_y * (this.beginHeight + this.LineHeight); for (var i = 1; i <= this.cellIndex; i++) {

myEnd = false; this.deta_x = this.cells[i].x_cell - this.cells[i - 1].x_cell; this.deta_y = this.cells[i].y_cell - this.cells[i - 1].y_cell; this.deta = Math.sqrt(this.deta_x * this.deta_x + this.deta_y * this.deta_y); this.flag_x = this.deta_x / this.deta; this.flag_y = this.deta_y / this.deta; if (this.endHeight > 0) {

canvas.moveTo(this.cells[i - 1].x_cell, this.cells[i - 1].y_cell);

canvas.lineTo(this.cells[i - 1].x_cell + this.flag_x * (this.endHeight ), this.cells[i - 1].y_cell + this.flag_y * this.endHeight); this.x_now = this.cells[i - 1].x_cell + this.flag_x * (this.LineHeight + this.endHeight); this.y_now = this.cells[i - 1].y_cell + this.flag_y * (this.LineHeight + this.endHeight);

} if (this.endHeight < 0) { this.endHeight = Math.abs(this.endHeight); this.x_now = this.cells[i - 1].x_cell + this.flag_x * (this.endHeight); this.y_now = this.cells[i - 1].y_cell + this.flag_y * (this.endHeight);

} if (this.endHeight == 0 && i != 1) { this.x_now = this.cells[i - 1].x_cell; this.y_now = this.cells[i - 1].y_cell;

} while (Math.abs(this.x_now - this.cells[i].x_cell) >= this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_x) && Math.abs(this.y_now - this.cells[i].y_cell) >= this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_y)) {

canvas.moveTo(this.x_now, this.y_now);

canvas.lineTo(this.x_now + this.flag_x * this.LineHeight, this.y_now + this.flag_y * this.LineHeight); this.x_now += this.flag_x * this.LineHeight; this.y_now += this.flag_y * this.LineHeight; if (Math.abs(this.x_now - this.cells[i].x_cell) <= this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_x) && Math.abs(this.y_now - this.cells[i].y_cell) <= this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_y)) { if (this.flag_x == 0) { this.endHeight = Math.abs(this.y_now - this.cells[i].y_cell) / Math.abs(this.flag_y) - this.LineHeight;

} else { this.endHeight = Math.abs(this.x_now - this.cells[i].x_cell) / Math.abs(this.flag_x) - this.LineHeight;

} //this.endHeight = (Math.abs(this.y_now - this.cells[i].y_cell) + Math.abs(this.x_now - this.cells[i].x_cell) - this.LineHeight * (Math.abs(this.flag_y) + Math.abs(this.flag_x)))/2;

myEnd = true; break;

} else { this.x_now += this.flag_x * this.LineHeight; this.y_now += this.flag_y * this.LineHeight;

}

} if (myEnd == false && Math.abs(this.x_now - this.cells[i].x_cell) <= this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_x) && Math.abs(this.y_now - this.cells[i].y_cell) <= this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_y)) {

canvas.moveTo(this.x_now, this.y_now);

canvas.lineTo(this.cells[i].x_cell, this.cells[i].y_cell); //this.endHeight = this.LineHeight - Math.abs(this.x_now - this.cells[i].x_cell)*flag.x_flag - Math.abs(this.y_now - this.cells[i].y_cell)*flag.y_flag;

if (this.flag_x == 0) { this.endHeight = this.LineHeight - Math.abs(this.y_now - this.cells[i].y_cell) / Math.abs(this.flag_y);

} else { this.endHeight = this.LineHeight - Math.abs(this.x_now - this.cells[i].x_cell) / Math.abs(this.flag_x);

} //this.endHeight = ( this.LineHeight * (Math.abs(this.flag_y) + Math.abs(this.flag_x)) - Math.abs(this.y_now - this.cells[i].y_cell) + Math.abs(this.x_now - this.cells[i].x_cell)) / 2;

}

} if (this.cellIndex < this.cells.length - 1) {

myEnd = false; this.deta_x = this.cells[this.cellIndex+1].x_cell-this.destination.x_d; this.deta_y = this.cells[this.cellIndex+1].y_cell-this.destination.y_d; this.deta = Math.sqrt(this.deta_x * this.deta_x + this.deta_y * this.deta_y); if (this.deta > 0) { this.flag_x = this.deta_x / this.deta; this.flag_y = this.deta_y / this.deta; if (this.endHeight > 0) {

canvas.moveTo(this.cells[this.cellIndex].x_cell, this.cells[this.cellIndex].y_cell);

canvas.lineTo(this.cells[this.cellIndex].x_cell + this.flag_x * (this.endHeight ), this.cells[this.cellIndex].y_cell + this.flag_y * this.endHeight); this.x_now = this.cells[this.cellIndex].x_cell + this.flag_x * ( this.endHeight); this.y_now = this.cells[this.cellIndex].y_cell + this.flag_y * ( this.endHeight); if(Math.abs(this.destination.x_d-this.x_now)>this.LineHeight*Math.abs(this.flag_x)||Math.abs(this.destination.y_d-this.y_now)>this.LineHeight*Math.abs(this.flag_y)){ this.x_now+=this.LineHeight*this.flag_x; this.y_now+=this.LineHeight*this.flag_y;

} else{ this.x_now=this.destination.x_d; this.y_now=this.destination.y_d;

} if (this.endHeight < 0) { this.endHeight = Math.abs(this.endHeight); this.x_now = this.cells[this.cellIndex].x_cell + this.flag_x * (this.endHeight); this.y_now = this.cells[this.cellIndex].y_cell + this.flag_y * (this.endHeight);

} if (this.endHeight == 0 && this.cellIndex > 0) { this.x_now = this.cells[this.cellIndex].x_cell; this.y_now = this.cells[this.cellIndex].y_cell;

} if (this.cellIndex == 0) { this.x_now = this.firstX; this.y_now = this.firstY; if (this.beginHeight > 0) {

canvas.moveTo(this.x_now, this.y_now);

canvas.lineTo(this.x_now + this.flag_x * this.beginHeight, this.y_now + this.flag_y * this.beginHeight);

} this.x_now += this.flag_x * (this.beginHeight + this.LineHeight); this.y_now += this.flag_y * (this.beginHeight + this.LineHeight);

} while ((Math.abs(this.x_now - this.destination.x_d) >= this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_x) && Math.abs(this.y_now - this.destination.y_d) >this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_y))||(Math.abs(this.x_now - this.destination.x_d) > this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_x) && Math.abs(this.y_now - this.destination.y_d) >=this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_y))) {

canvas.moveTo(this.x_now, this.y_now);

canvas.lineTo(this.x_now + this.flag_x * this.LineHeight, this.y_now + this.flag_y * this.LineHeight); this.x_now += this.flag_x * this.LineHeight; this.y_now += this.flag_y * this.LineHeight; if (Math.abs(this.x_now - this.destination.x_d)<= this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_x)&&Math.abs(this.y_now - this.destination.y_d) <= this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_y)) {

myEnd = true; break;

} else { this.x_now += this.flag_x * this.LineHeight; this.y_now += this.flag_y * this.LineHeight;

}

} if (myEnd == false && Math.abs(this.x_now - this.destination.x_d) < this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_x) || Math.abs(this.y_now - this.destination.y_d) < this.LineHeight * Math.abs(this.flag_y)) {

canvas.moveTo(this.x_now, this.y_now);

canvas.lineTo(this.destination.x_d, this.destination.y_d);

}

canvas.stroke();

canvas.closePath();

}

取水泵房的实例

下面代码在定义了一个水池对象，并赋予了相应的属性值，最后将定义的对象添加到ｃａｎｖａｓ画布中。var SC01 = canvas.display.SC_show({ x: 326, y: 200,

Width: 181,

Height: 438,

height_now: 0,

trail_flag: 0,