Ozean

当纹理大于三维图形表面=>一个像素被映射到多个纹理当纹理小于三维图形表面=>多个像素被映射到一个纹理=> 发生模糊或者错位=>smooth，过滤模式mip-mapanti-aliasing图像（纹理）在缩小时因为采样率不够=>混叠，直线：断线，纹理复杂：纹理杂乱如果用于贴图的纹理大小64x32，生成32x16，16x8，8x4，4x2，2x1，1x1。步骤：低通滤波减轻混叠，缩小常用：box filtering计算缩小比率d根据d值确定哪一个mip做贴图

types of imagesraster images: GIF, JPEG, PNG, (PS)resolutionvector images: CGM, (PS, PDF)Rater imagesmonochromatic images/bit mapsgray scalememory: 8 bits = 1 byte24 bit color imagescolor for each bit: 3 bytes8-bit color images8-bit color im

Rendering Equationradiosity assumptionscontinuousdiscreteRadiosity MatrixFrom Factors## 标题

Recursive raytracingsend a ray from eye center through each pixel centerdraw the object that intersect the ray closest to the image plane:no intersection: background colorlight sourceintersection with an object that in front of the light source: illu

sphere Mappingcenter (xs,ys,zs)(x_s, y_s, z_s)(xs​,ys​,zs​) of the sphereCylinder MappingBox Mapping(xbox,max−xbox,min)≥(ybox,max−ybox,min)≥(zbox,max−zbox,min)(x_{box,max}-x_{box,min}) \ge (y_{box,max}-y_{box,min}) \ge (z_{box,max}-z_{box,min})(xbox,m

Rasterization of linesBresenham’s algorithmΔx=x2−x1≥0\Delta x = x_{2} - x_{1} \ge 0Δx=x2​−x1​≥0Δy=y2−y1≥0\Delta y = y_{2} - y_{1} \ge 0Δy=y2​−y1​≥0E:=ΔyΔx−12E := \frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x} - \frac{1}{2}E:=ΔxΔy​−21​E≤0:E \le 0:E≤0:x:=x+1x:=x+1x:=x+1E

Additive color mixingGrassman’s lawamong four colors there is a linear dependencythree-dimensional spacevector space: color spacelength of vector: luminancedirection: chromaticitythree linear independent basis vectors: primariestristimulus-system

light sourcesdirected/parallel light sourceposition is point at infinity (x,y,z,0)^Tpoint light sourcefinite position (x,y,z,1)^Tspotposition, direction, opening angleambient lighttype of reflectionspecular(mirror-like)diffusemixedreflectio