mysql编码问题

MAC安装MySQL后不能显示中文，参考了网上给的解决办法，有的没有成功，还导致无法启动mysql server.折腾一番终于解决了，记录下来。 
首先打开终端，登陆：

mysql -uroot -p 或
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
   
   
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输入密码后，查看数据库编码：

SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';
   
   
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显示如下：

+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+




   
   
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此时若想暂时修改输入这两行代码

1. set character_set_database=utf8; 
2. set character_set_server=utf8; 

CTRL＋D退出mysql，打开系统偏好设置，关闭mysql服务。 
然后查看mysql安装位置：

which mysql
   
   
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默认安装在/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql，进入mysql配置文件目录：

cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files
   
   
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复制任意.cnf文件到etc目录下，新复制的文件名为my.cnf：

sudo cp my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
   
   
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打开my.cnf,一次做如下修改：

1. 在[client]字段下加上default-character-set=utf8
2. 在[mysqld]字段下加上character-set-server=utf8
3. 在[mysql]字段下加上default-character-set=utf8 
   重启mysql服务，重新查看数据库编码SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';，显示如下：

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';
+--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                                                  |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                                                   |
| character_set_connection | utf8                                                   |
| character_set_database   | utf8                                                   |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                                                 |
| character_set_results    | utf8                                                   |
| character_set_server     | utf8                                                   |
| character_set_system     | utf8                                                   |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/local/mysql-5.5.47-osx10.8-x86_64/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
   
   
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至此，修改成功

如果修改后登录mysql出现下面错误：

ypdeMacBook-Pro:support-files yp$ mysql -uroot -p
mysql: [ERROR] unknown variable 'sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES'
   
   
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删除/etc/my.cnf中的：

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES



若不如此操作还可以在workbench建表语句中加入ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;例如CREATE TABLE `category` (
  `cid` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
  `cname` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,	#分类名称
  PRIMARY KEY (`cid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;另外在c3p0.xml配置文件中需要加入characterEncoding=utf8
   
   
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                                         在Mysql workbench中创建表时手动选择默认编码可一次性解决字段乱码问题