消息的快速查找

探究方法之本质

objc_msgSend

通过clang编译OC代码,发现发送方法时,底层调用的是objc_msgSend

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        SLPerson *p  = [SLPerson alloc];
        [p say1];
        [p say2];
    }
    return 0;
}
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    /* @autoreleasepool */ { __AtAutoreleasePool __autoreleasepool; 
        SLPerson *p = ((SLPerson *(*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)objc_getClass("SLPerson"), sel_registerName("alloc"));
        ((void (*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)p, sel_registerName("say1"));
        ((void (*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)p, sel_registerName("say2"));
    }
    return 0;
}

使用 objc_msgSend发送消息,发现输出结果一致。

#import <objc/message.h>
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        SLPerson *p  = [SLPerson alloc];
        [p say1];
        ((void (*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)p, sel_registerName("say1"));        
    }
    return 0;
}
2023-02-09 09:55:36.285667+0800 KCObjcBuild[2383:45181] SLPerson say : -[SLPerson say1]
2023-02-09 09:55:36.286161+0800 KCObjcBuild[2383:45181] SLPerson say : -[SLPerson say1]

objc_msgSendSuper

@interface SLStudent : SLPerson
- (void)say2;
@end
@implementation SLStudent
-(instancetype)init {
    if (self = [super init]) {
        NSLog(@"%@", [self class]);
        NSLog(@"%@", [super class]);
    }
    return self;
}
- (void)say2{
    NSLog(@"SLStudent say : %s",__func__);
}
@end
2023-02-09 10:24:32.988014+0800 KCObjcBuild[2833:64367] SLStudent
2023-02-09 10:24:32.988575+0800 KCObjcBuild[2833:64367] SLStudent

发现[self class]与[super class]的结果一样,clang编译如下

static instancetype _I_SLStudent_init(SLStudent * self, SEL _cmd) {
    if (self = ((SLStudent *(*)(__rw_objc_super *, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSendSuper)((__rw_objc_super){(id)self, (id)class_getSuperclass(objc_getClass("SLStudent"))}, sel_registerName("init"))) {
        NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_c3_5q_w6bbd4cggh7211sd87hxr0000gn_T_main_6fb708_mi_1, ((Class (*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)self, sel_registerName("class")));
        NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_c3_5q_w6bbd4cggh7211sd87hxr0000gn_T_main_6fb708_mi_2, ((Class (*)(__rw_objc_super *, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSendSuper)((__rw_objc_super){(id)self, (id)class_getSuperclass(objc_getClass("SLStudent"))}, sel_registerName("class")));
    }
    return self;
}

[super class]使用objc_msgSendSuper来发送消息,但是消息的接收者依然是self,所以输出的结果和[self class]一样。

objc_msgSendSuper来调用say1,结果一致

@interface SLPerson : NSObject
- (void)say1;
@end
@implementation SLPerson
- (void)say1{
    NSLog(@"SLPerson say : %s",__func__);
}
@end

@interface SLStudent : SLPerson
- (void)say2;
@end
@implementation SLStudent
- (void)say2{
    NSLog(@"SLStudent say : %s",__func__);
}
@end

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        SLPerson *p  = [SLPerson alloc];
        SLStudent * s = [[SLStudent alloc]init];
        [p say1];

        struct objc_super slsuper;
        slsuper.receiver = s;//消息接收着是SLStudent实例
        slsuper.super_class = [SLPerson class];//指定父类
        ((Class (*)(struct objc_super *, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSendSuper)(&slsuper, sel_registerName("say1"));
    }
    return 0;
}

objc_super

objc_super定义如下

/// Specifies the superclass of an instance. 
struct objc_super {
    /// Specifies an instance of a class.
    __unsafe_unretained _Nonnull id receiver;

    /// Specifies the particular superclass of the instance to message. 
#if !defined(__cplusplus)  &&  !__OBJC2__
    /* For compatibility with old objc-runtime.h header */
    __unsafe_unretained _Nonnull Class class;
#else
    __unsafe_unretained _Nonnull Class super_class;
#endif
    /* super_class is the first class to search */
};
#endif

objc_msgSend 快速查找流程分析

objc_msgSend汇编源码

在objc4源码搜索objc_msgSend,是用汇编实现的。

ENTRY _objc_msgSend
	UNWIND _objc_msgSend, NoFrame

	cmp	p0, #0			// nil check and tagged pointer check
#if SUPPORT_TAGGED_POINTERS
	b.le	LNilOrTagged		//  (MSB tagged pointer looks negative)
#else
	b.eq	LReturnZero
#endif
	ldr	p13, [x0]		// p13 = isa
	GetClassFromIsa_p16 p13, 1, x0	// p16 = class
LGetIsaDone:
	// calls imp or objc_msgSend_uncached
	CacheLookup NORMAL, _objc_msgSend, __objc_msgSend_uncached

#if SUPPORT_TAGGED_POINTERS
LNilOrTagged:
	b.eq	LReturnZero		// nil check
	GetTaggedClass
	b	LGetIsaDone
// SUPPORT_TAGGED_POINTERS
#endif

LReturnZero:
	// x0 is already zero
	mov	x1, #0
	movi	d0, #0
	movi	d1, #0
	movi	d2, #0
	movi	d3, #0
	ret

	END_ENTRY _objc_msgSend

主要步骤如下:

  1. 判断objc_msgSend第一个参数receiver是不是空
  2. 如果满足SUPPORT_TAGGED_POINTERS,跳转到LNilOrTagged
  3. 如果不满足小对象,receiver也不为空,则赋值isa到p13,进入慢速查找流程CacheLookup

CacheLookup 汇编源码

//!!!!!!!!!重点!!!!!!!!!!!!
.macro CacheLookup 
    //
    // Restart protocol:
    //
    //   As soon as we're past the LLookupStart$1 label we may have loaded
    //   an invalid cache pointer or mask.
    //
    //   When task_restartable_ranges_synchronize() is called,
    //   (or when a signal hits us) before we're past LLookupEnd$1,
    //   then our PC will be reset to LLookupRecover$1 which forcefully
    //   jumps to the cache-miss codepath which have the following
    //   requirements:
    //
    //   GETIMP:
    //     The cache-miss is just returning NULL (setting x0 to 0)
    //
    //   NORMAL and LOOKUP:
    //   - x0 contains the receiver
    //   - x1 contains the selector
    //   - x16 contains the isa
    //   - other registers are set as per calling conventions
    //
LLookupStart$1:

//---- p1 = SEL, p16 = isa --- #define CACHE (2 * __SIZEOF_POINTER__),其中 __SIZEOF_POINTER__表示pointer的大小 ,即 2*8 = 16
//---- p11 = mask|buckets -- 从x16(即isa)中平移16字节,取出cache 存入p11寄存器 -- isa距离cache 正好16字节:isa(8字节)-superClass(8字节)-cache(mask高16位 + buckets低48位)
    ldr p11, [x16, #CACHE]              
//---- 64位真机
#if CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_HIGH_16 
//--- p11(cache) & 0x0000ffffffffffff ,mask高16位抹零,得到buckets 存入p10寄存器-- 即去掉mask,留下buckets
    and p10, p11, #0x0000ffffffffffff   // p10 = buckets 
    
//--- p11(cache)右移48位,得到mask(即p11 存储mask),mask & p1(msgSend的第二个参数 cmd-sel) ,得到sel-imp的下标index(即搜索下标) 存入p12(cache insert写入时的哈希下标计算是 通过 sel & mask,读取时也需要通过这种方式)
    and p12, p1, p11, LSR #48       // x12 = _cmd & mask 

//--- 非64位真机
#elif CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_LOW_4 
    and p10, p11, #~0xf         // p10 = buckets
    and p11, p11, #0xf          // p11 = maskShift
    mov p12, #0xffff
    lsr p11, p12, p11               // p11 = mask = 0xffff >> p11
    and p12, p1, p11                // x12 = _cmd & mask
#else
#error Unsupported cache mask storage for ARM64.
#endif

//--- p12是下标 p10是buckets数组首地址,下标 * 1<<4(即16) 得到实际内存的偏移量,通过buckets的首地址偏移,获取bucket存入p12寄存器
//--- LSL #(1+PTRSHIFT)-- 实际含义就是得到一个bucket占用的内存大小 -- 相当于mask = occupied -1-- _cmd & mask -- 取余数
    add p12, p10, p12, LSL #(1+PTRSHIFT)   
                     // p12 = buckets + ((_cmd & mask) << (1+PTRSHIFT)) -- PTRSHIFT是3
                     
//--- 从x12(即p12)中取出 bucket 分别将imp和sel 存入 p17(存储imp) 和 p9(存储sel)
    ldp p17, p9, [x12]      // {imp, sel} = *bucket 
    
//--- 比较 sel 与 p1(传入的参数cmd)
1:  cmp p9, p1          // if (bucket->sel != _cmd) 
//--- 如果不相等,即没有找到,请跳转至 2f
    b.ne    2f          //     scan more 
//--- 如果相等 即cacheHit 缓存命中,直接返回imp
    CacheHit $0         // call or return imp 
    
2:  // not hit: p12 = not-hit bucket
//--- 如果一直都找不到, 因为是normal ,跳转至__objc_msgSend_uncached
    CheckMiss $0            // miss if bucket->sel == 0 
//--- 判断p12(下标对应的bucket) 是否 等于 p10(buckets数组第一个元素,),如果等于,则跳转至第3步
    cmp p12, p10        // wrap if bucket == buckets 
//--- 定位到最后一个元素(即第一个bucket)
    b.eq    3f 
//--- 从x12(即p12 buckets首地址)- 实际需要平移的内存大小BUCKET_SIZE,得到得到第二个bucket元素,imp-sel分别存入p17-p9,即向前查找
    ldp p17, p9, [x12, #-BUCKET_SIZE]!  // {imp, sel} = *--bucket 
//--- 跳转至第1步,继续对比 sel 与 cmd
    b   1b          // loop 

3:  // wrap: p12 = first bucket, w11 = mask
#if CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_HIGH_16
//--- 人为设置到最后一个元素
//--- p11(mask)右移44位 相当于mask左移4位,直接定位到buckets的最后一个元素,缓存查找顺序是向前查找
    add p12, p12, p11, LSR #(48 - (1+PTRSHIFT)) 
                    // p12 = buckets + (mask << 1+PTRSHIFT) 
#elif CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_LOW_4
    add p12, p12, p11, LSL #(1+PTRSHIFT)
                    // p12 = buckets + (mask << 1+PTRSHIFT)
#else
#error Unsupported cache mask storage for ARM64.
#endif

    // Clone scanning loop to miss instead of hang when cache is corrupt.
    // The slow path may detect any corruption and halt later.
//--- 再查找一遍缓存()
//--- 拿到x12(即p12)bucket中的 imp-sel 分别存入 p17-p9
    ldp p17, p9, [x12]      // {imp, sel} = *bucket 
    
//--- 比较 sel 与 p1(传入的参数cmd)
1:  cmp p9, p1          // if (bucket->sel != _cmd) 
//--- 如果不相等,即走到第二步
    b.ne    2f          //     scan more 
//--- 如果相等 即命中,直接返回imp
    CacheHit $0         // call or return imp  
    
2:  // not hit: p12 = not-hit bucket
//--- 如果一直找不到,则CheckMiss
    CheckMiss $0            // miss if bucket->sel == 0 
//--- 判断p12(下标对应的bucket) 是否 等于 p10(buckets数组第一个元素)-- 表示前面已经没有了,但是还是没有找到
    cmp p12, p10        // wrap if bucket == buckets 
    b.eq    3f //如果等于,跳转至第3步
//--- 从x12(即p12 buckets首地址)- 实际需要平移的内存大小BUCKET_SIZE,得到得到第二个bucket元素,imp-sel分别存入p17-p9,即向前查找
    ldp p17, p9, [x12, #-BUCKET_SIZE]!  // {imp, sel} = *--bucket 
//--- 跳转至第1步,继续对比 sel 与 cmd
    b   1b          // loop 

LLookupEnd$1:
LLookupRecover$1:
3:  // double wrap
//--- 跳转至JumpMiss 因为是normal ,跳转至__objc_msgSend_uncached

    JumpMiss $0 
.endmacro

//以下是最后跳转的汇编函数
.macro CacheHit
.if $0 == NORMAL
    TailCallCachedImp x17, x12, x1, x16 // authenticate and call imp
.elseif $0 == GETIMP
    mov p0, p17
    cbz p0, 9f          // don't ptrauth a nil imp
    AuthAndResignAsIMP x0, x12, x1, x16 // authenticate imp and re-sign as IMP
9:  ret             // return IMP
.elseif $0 == LOOKUP
    // No nil check for ptrauth: the caller would crash anyway when they
    // jump to a nil IMP. We don't care if that jump also fails ptrauth.
    AuthAndResignAsIMP x17, x12, x1, x16    // authenticate imp and re-sign as IMP
    ret             // return imp via x17
.else
.abort oops
.endif
.endmacro

.macro CheckMiss
    // miss if bucket->sel == 0
.if $0 == GETIMP 
//--- 如果为GETIMP ,则跳转至 LGetImpMiss
    cbz p9, LGetImpMiss
.elseif $0 == NORMAL 
//--- 如果为NORMAL ,则跳转至 __objc_msgSend_uncached
    cbz p9, __objc_msgSend_uncached
.elseif $0 == LOOKUP 
//--- 如果为LOOKUP ,则跳转至 __objc_msgLookup_uncached
    cbz p9, __objc_msgLookup_uncached
.else
.abort oops
.endif
.endmacro

.macro JumpMiss
.if $0 == GETIMP
    b   LGetImpMiss
.elseif $0 == NORMAL
    b   __objc_msgSend_uncached
.elseif $0 == LOOKUP
    b   __objc_msgLookup_uncached
.else
.abort oops
.endif
.endmacro

 主要步骤如下:

  1. 类首地址平移16字节得到cache(isa收地址8字节,superClass8字节)。
  2. 通过cache获取buckets、mask,计算哈希下标 (sel & mask)。
  3. 由哈希下标和buckets数组收地址,得到哈希下标对应bucket
  4. 根据bucket获取sel-imp
  5. 第一次递归循环,比较bucket中的sel和objc_magSend参数的sel,相等则说明缓存命中,返回imp。如果没比较完,继续进行递归循环。如果一直没找到,则跳转CheckMiss,进入慢速查找

流程如下图(图片转发自Style_月月,感谢感谢🙏)

 

评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值