探究方法之本质
objc_msgSend
通过clang编译OC代码,发现发送方法时,底层调用的是objc_msgSend。
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
SLPerson *p = [SLPerson alloc];
[p say1];
[p say2];
}
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
/* @autoreleasepool */ { __AtAutoreleasePool __autoreleasepool;
SLPerson *p = ((SLPerson *(*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)objc_getClass("SLPerson"), sel_registerName("alloc"));
((void (*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)p, sel_registerName("say1"));
((void (*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)p, sel_registerName("say2"));
}
return 0;
}
使用 objc_msgSend发送消息,发现输出结果一致。
#import <objc/message.h>
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
SLPerson *p = [SLPerson alloc];
[p say1];
((void (*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)p, sel_registerName("say1"));
}
return 0;
}
2023-02-09 09:55:36.285667+0800 KCObjcBuild[2383:45181] SLPerson say : -[SLPerson say1]
2023-02-09 09:55:36.286161+0800 KCObjcBuild[2383:45181] SLPerson say : -[SLPerson say1]
objc_msgSendSuper
@interface SLStudent : SLPerson
- (void)say2;
@end
@implementation SLStudent
-(instancetype)init {
if (self = [super init]) {
NSLog(@"%@", [self class]);
NSLog(@"%@", [super class]);
}
return self;
}
- (void)say2{
NSLog(@"SLStudent say : %s",__func__);
}
@end
2023-02-09 10:24:32.988014+0800 KCObjcBuild[2833:64367] SLStudent
2023-02-09 10:24:32.988575+0800 KCObjcBuild[2833:64367] SLStudent
发现[self class]与[super class]的结果一样,clang编译如下
static instancetype _I_SLStudent_init(SLStudent * self, SEL _cmd) {
if (self = ((SLStudent *(*)(__rw_objc_super *, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSendSuper)((__rw_objc_super){(id)self, (id)class_getSuperclass(objc_getClass("SLStudent"))}, sel_registerName("init"))) {
NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_c3_5q_w6bbd4cggh7211sd87hxr0000gn_T_main_6fb708_mi_1, ((Class (*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)self, sel_registerName("class")));
NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_c3_5q_w6bbd4cggh7211sd87hxr0000gn_T_main_6fb708_mi_2, ((Class (*)(__rw_objc_super *, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSendSuper)((__rw_objc_super){(id)self, (id)class_getSuperclass(objc_getClass("SLStudent"))}, sel_registerName("class")));
}
return self;
}
[super class]使用objc_msgSendSuper来发送消息,但是消息的接收者依然是self,所以输出的结果和[self class]一样。
用objc_msgSendSuper来调用say1,结果一致
@interface SLPerson : NSObject
- (void)say1;
@end
@implementation SLPerson
- (void)say1{
NSLog(@"SLPerson say : %s",__func__);
}
@end
@interface SLStudent : SLPerson
- (void)say2;
@end
@implementation SLStudent
- (void)say2{
NSLog(@"SLStudent say : %s",__func__);
}
@end
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
SLPerson *p = [SLPerson alloc];
SLStudent * s = [[SLStudent alloc]init];
[p say1];
struct objc_super slsuper;
slsuper.receiver = s;//消息接收着是SLStudent实例
slsuper.super_class = [SLPerson class];//指定父类
((Class (*)(struct objc_super *, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSendSuper)(&slsuper, sel_registerName("say1"));
}
return 0;
}
objc_super
objc_super定义如下
/// Specifies the superclass of an instance.
struct objc_super {
/// Specifies an instance of a class.
__unsafe_unretained _Nonnull id receiver;
/// Specifies the particular superclass of the instance to message.
#if !defined(__cplusplus) && !__OBJC2__
/* For compatibility with old objc-runtime.h header */
__unsafe_unretained _Nonnull Class class;
#else
__unsafe_unretained _Nonnull Class super_class;
#endif
/* super_class is the first class to search */
};
#endif
objc_msgSend 快速查找流程分析
objc_msgSend汇编源码
在objc4源码搜索objc_msgSend,是用汇编实现的。
ENTRY _objc_msgSend
UNWIND _objc_msgSend, NoFrame
cmp p0, #0 // nil check and tagged pointer check
#if SUPPORT_TAGGED_POINTERS
b.le LNilOrTagged // (MSB tagged pointer looks negative)
#else
b.eq LReturnZero
#endif
ldr p13, [x0] // p13 = isa
GetClassFromIsa_p16 p13, 1, x0 // p16 = class
LGetIsaDone:
// calls imp or objc_msgSend_uncached
CacheLookup NORMAL, _objc_msgSend, __objc_msgSend_uncached
#if SUPPORT_TAGGED_POINTERS
LNilOrTagged:
b.eq LReturnZero // nil check
GetTaggedClass
b LGetIsaDone
// SUPPORT_TAGGED_POINTERS
#endif
LReturnZero:
// x0 is already zero
mov x1, #0
movi d0, #0
movi d1, #0
movi d2, #0
movi d3, #0
ret
END_ENTRY _objc_msgSend
主要步骤如下:
- 判断objc_msgSend第一个参数receiver是不是空
- 如果满足SUPPORT_TAGGED_POINTERS,跳转到
LNilOrTagged
如果不满足小对象,
receiver也不为空,则赋值isa到p13,进入慢速查找流程CacheLookup
CacheLookup 汇编源码
//!!!!!!!!!重点!!!!!!!!!!!!
.macro CacheLookup
//
// Restart protocol:
//
// As soon as we're past the LLookupStart$1 label we may have loaded
// an invalid cache pointer or mask.
//
// When task_restartable_ranges_synchronize() is called,
// (or when a signal hits us) before we're past LLookupEnd$1,
// then our PC will be reset to LLookupRecover$1 which forcefully
// jumps to the cache-miss codepath which have the following
// requirements:
//
// GETIMP:
// The cache-miss is just returning NULL (setting x0 to 0)
//
// NORMAL and LOOKUP:
// - x0 contains the receiver
// - x1 contains the selector
// - x16 contains the isa
// - other registers are set as per calling conventions
//
LLookupStart$1:
//---- p1 = SEL, p16 = isa --- #define CACHE (2 * __SIZEOF_POINTER__),其中 __SIZEOF_POINTER__表示pointer的大小 ,即 2*8 = 16
//---- p11 = mask|buckets -- 从x16(即isa)中平移16字节,取出cache 存入p11寄存器 -- isa距离cache 正好16字节:isa(8字节)-superClass(8字节)-cache(mask高16位 + buckets低48位)
ldr p11, [x16, #CACHE]
//---- 64位真机
#if CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_HIGH_16
//--- p11(cache) & 0x0000ffffffffffff ,mask高16位抹零,得到buckets 存入p10寄存器-- 即去掉mask,留下buckets
and p10, p11, #0x0000ffffffffffff // p10 = buckets
//--- p11(cache)右移48位,得到mask(即p11 存储mask),mask & p1(msgSend的第二个参数 cmd-sel) ,得到sel-imp的下标index(即搜索下标) 存入p12(cache insert写入时的哈希下标计算是 通过 sel & mask,读取时也需要通过这种方式)
and p12, p1, p11, LSR #48 // x12 = _cmd & mask
//--- 非64位真机
#elif CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_LOW_4
and p10, p11, #~0xf // p10 = buckets
and p11, p11, #0xf // p11 = maskShift
mov p12, #0xffff
lsr p11, p12, p11 // p11 = mask = 0xffff >> p11
and p12, p1, p11 // x12 = _cmd & mask
#else
#error Unsupported cache mask storage for ARM64.
#endif
//--- p12是下标 p10是buckets数组首地址,下标 * 1<<4(即16) 得到实际内存的偏移量,通过buckets的首地址偏移,获取bucket存入p12寄存器
//--- LSL #(1+PTRSHIFT)-- 实际含义就是得到一个bucket占用的内存大小 -- 相当于mask = occupied -1-- _cmd & mask -- 取余数
add p12, p10, p12, LSL #(1+PTRSHIFT)
// p12 = buckets + ((_cmd & mask) << (1+PTRSHIFT)) -- PTRSHIFT是3
//--- 从x12(即p12)中取出 bucket 分别将imp和sel 存入 p17(存储imp) 和 p9(存储sel)
ldp p17, p9, [x12] // {imp, sel} = *bucket
//--- 比较 sel 与 p1(传入的参数cmd)
1: cmp p9, p1 // if (bucket->sel != _cmd)
//--- 如果不相等,即没有找到,请跳转至 2f
b.ne 2f // scan more
//--- 如果相等 即cacheHit 缓存命中,直接返回imp
CacheHit $0 // call or return imp
2: // not hit: p12 = not-hit bucket
//--- 如果一直都找不到, 因为是normal ,跳转至__objc_msgSend_uncached
CheckMiss $0 // miss if bucket->sel == 0
//--- 判断p12(下标对应的bucket) 是否 等于 p10(buckets数组第一个元素,),如果等于,则跳转至第3步
cmp p12, p10 // wrap if bucket == buckets
//--- 定位到最后一个元素(即第一个bucket)
b.eq 3f
//--- 从x12(即p12 buckets首地址)- 实际需要平移的内存大小BUCKET_SIZE,得到得到第二个bucket元素,imp-sel分别存入p17-p9,即向前查找
ldp p17, p9, [x12, #-BUCKET_SIZE]! // {imp, sel} = *--bucket
//--- 跳转至第1步,继续对比 sel 与 cmd
b 1b // loop
3: // wrap: p12 = first bucket, w11 = mask
#if CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_HIGH_16
//--- 人为设置到最后一个元素
//--- p11(mask)右移44位 相当于mask左移4位,直接定位到buckets的最后一个元素,缓存查找顺序是向前查找
add p12, p12, p11, LSR #(48 - (1+PTRSHIFT))
// p12 = buckets + (mask << 1+PTRSHIFT)
#elif CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_LOW_4
add p12, p12, p11, LSL #(1+PTRSHIFT)
// p12 = buckets + (mask << 1+PTRSHIFT)
#else
#error Unsupported cache mask storage for ARM64.
#endif
// Clone scanning loop to miss instead of hang when cache is corrupt.
// The slow path may detect any corruption and halt later.
//--- 再查找一遍缓存()
//--- 拿到x12(即p12)bucket中的 imp-sel 分别存入 p17-p9
ldp p17, p9, [x12] // {imp, sel} = *bucket
//--- 比较 sel 与 p1(传入的参数cmd)
1: cmp p9, p1 // if (bucket->sel != _cmd)
//--- 如果不相等,即走到第二步
b.ne 2f // scan more
//--- 如果相等 即命中,直接返回imp
CacheHit $0 // call or return imp
2: // not hit: p12 = not-hit bucket
//--- 如果一直找不到,则CheckMiss
CheckMiss $0 // miss if bucket->sel == 0
//--- 判断p12(下标对应的bucket) 是否 等于 p10(buckets数组第一个元素)-- 表示前面已经没有了,但是还是没有找到
cmp p12, p10 // wrap if bucket == buckets
b.eq 3f //如果等于,跳转至第3步
//--- 从x12(即p12 buckets首地址)- 实际需要平移的内存大小BUCKET_SIZE,得到得到第二个bucket元素,imp-sel分别存入p17-p9,即向前查找
ldp p17, p9, [x12, #-BUCKET_SIZE]! // {imp, sel} = *--bucket
//--- 跳转至第1步,继续对比 sel 与 cmd
b 1b // loop
LLookupEnd$1:
LLookupRecover$1:
3: // double wrap
//--- 跳转至JumpMiss 因为是normal ,跳转至__objc_msgSend_uncached
JumpMiss $0
.endmacro
//以下是最后跳转的汇编函数
.macro CacheHit
.if $0 == NORMAL
TailCallCachedImp x17, x12, x1, x16 // authenticate and call imp
.elseif $0 == GETIMP
mov p0, p17
cbz p0, 9f // don't ptrauth a nil imp
AuthAndResignAsIMP x0, x12, x1, x16 // authenticate imp and re-sign as IMP
9: ret // return IMP
.elseif $0 == LOOKUP
// No nil check for ptrauth: the caller would crash anyway when they
// jump to a nil IMP. We don't care if that jump also fails ptrauth.
AuthAndResignAsIMP x17, x12, x1, x16 // authenticate imp and re-sign as IMP
ret // return imp via x17
.else
.abort oops
.endif
.endmacro
.macro CheckMiss
// miss if bucket->sel == 0
.if $0 == GETIMP
//--- 如果为GETIMP ,则跳转至 LGetImpMiss
cbz p9, LGetImpMiss
.elseif $0 == NORMAL
//--- 如果为NORMAL ,则跳转至 __objc_msgSend_uncached
cbz p9, __objc_msgSend_uncached
.elseif $0 == LOOKUP
//--- 如果为LOOKUP ,则跳转至 __objc_msgLookup_uncached
cbz p9, __objc_msgLookup_uncached
.else
.abort oops
.endif
.endmacro
.macro JumpMiss
.if $0 == GETIMP
b LGetImpMiss
.elseif $0 == NORMAL
b __objc_msgSend_uncached
.elseif $0 == LOOKUP
b __objc_msgLookup_uncached
.else
.abort oops
.endif
.endmacro
主要步骤如下:
- 类首地址平移16字节得到cache(isa收地址8字节,superClass8字节)。
- 通过cache获取buckets、mask,计算哈希下标 (sel & mask)。
- 由哈希下标和buckets数组收地址,得到哈希下标对应bucket。
- 根据bucket获取sel-imp。
- 第一次递归循环,比较bucket中的sel和objc_magSend参数的sel,相等则说明缓存命中,返回imp。如果没比较完,继续进行递归循环。如果一直没找到,则跳转CheckMiss,进入慢速查找。
流程如下图(图片转发自Style_月月,感谢感谢🙏)