算法练习10 Generate Parentheses 字符串匹配

本文详细解析了LeetCode上括号生成题目的解决方案,通过递归+深度优先搜索(DFS)的方法,生成所有可能的正确匹配括号序列。文章深入探讨了算法思路,解释了如何避免生成不匹配的序列,并提供了完整的C++代码实现。

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题目要求:

给定n对括号(),要求出所有能正确匹配的可能的括号序列。

题目链接:https://leetcode.com/problems/generate-parentheses/

思路:

因为序列只有两种符号,所以考虑用二叉树解决,每个二叉树结点代表一个符号。当还有括号剩余就继续往下生成结点,当剩余的( 的数量等于 )的数量时候,下一个生成的结点就不能是 ),否则括号不匹配。如此,就不会生成不匹配的序列。当所有的符号都生成完后,就把该序列(字符串)存进数组中。

我采用递归+DFS实现算法。

class Solution {
public:
    vector<string> generateParenthesis(int n) {
        vector<string> result;
        dfsCreate(result, "", n, n);
        return result;
    }
    void dfsCreate(vector<string> &par, string pstr, int pren, int posn) {
        if(pren == 0 && posn == 0) {
            par.push_back(pstr);
            return;
        }
        if (pren > 0 ) {
            dfsCreate(par, pstr + "(", pren-1, posn);
        }
        if (posn > 0 && pren < posn) {
            dfsCreate(par, pstr + ")", pren, posn-1);
        }
    }
};

 

#include <cassert> /// for assert #include <iostream> /// for I/O operation #include <vector> /// for vector container /** @brief Backtracking algorithms @namespace backtracking / namespace backtracking { /* @brief generate_parentheses class */ class generate_parentheses { private: std::vectorstd::string res; ///< Contains all possible valid patterns void makeStrings(std::string str, int n, int closed, int open); public: std::vectorstd::string generate(int n); }; /** @brief function that adds parenthesis to the string. @param str string build during backtracking @param n number of pairs of parentheses @param closed number of closed parentheses @param open number of open parentheses */ void generate_parentheses::makeStrings(std::string str, int n, int closed, int open) { if (closed > open) // We can never have more closed than open return; if ((str.length() == 2 * n) && (closed != open)) { // closed and open must be the same return; } if (str.length() == 2 * n) { res.push_back(str); return; } makeStrings(str + ')', n, closed + 1, open); makeStrings(str + '(', n, closed, open + 1); } /** @brief wrapper interface @param n number of pairs of parentheses @return all well-formed pattern of parentheses */ std::vectorstd::string generate_parentheses::generate(int n) { backtracking::generate_parentheses::res.clear(); std::string str = “(”; generate_parentheses::makeStrings(str, n, 0, 1); return res; } } // namespace backtracking /** @brief Self-test implementations @returns void */ static void test() { int n = 0; std::vectorstd::string patterns; backtracking::generate_parentheses p; n = 1; patterns = {{“()”}}; assert(p.generate(n) == patterns); n = 3; patterns = {{“()()()”}, {“()(())”}, {“(())()”}, {“(()())”}, {“((()))”}}; assert(p.generate(n) == patterns); n = 4; patterns = {{“()()()()”}, {“()()(())”}, {“()(())()”}, {“()(()())”}, {“()((()))”}, {“(())()()”}, {“(())(())”}, {“(()())()”}, {“(()()())”}, {“(()(()))”}, {“((()))()”}, {“((())())”}, {“((()()))”}, {“(((())))”}}; assert(p.generate(n) == patterns); std::cout << “All tests passed\n”; } /** @brief Main function @returns 0 on exit */ int main() { test(); // run self-test implementations return 0; } 在这段代码的基础上为C++初学者出几个练习题?
最新发布
03-08
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