【Selenium】4定位元素

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本文介绍了使用Selenium进行Web自动化测试时的多种元素定位方法，包括ID、name、linkText等，并提供了相应的Java代码示例。

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①id（idToFind）:HTML的ID属性查找：唯一

Html：<input id="kw" class="s_ipt" autocomplete="off" maxlength="255" value="" name="wd"/>

WebElement kw = driver.findElement(By.id("kw"));
System.out.println(kw);
kw.sendKeys("baoyu");

②name（nameToFind）:HTML的name属性查找：不唯一

Html：<a class="lb" onclick="return false;" name="tj_login" href="https://passport.baidu.com/v2/?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2F">登录</a>

Java:

WebElement tj_login = driver.findElement(By.name("tj_login"));

login.click();

③linkText（linkTextToFind）:按链接的文本进行查找

WebElement login = driver.findElement(By.linkText("登录"));

login.click();

④PartiallinkText（partiallinkTextToFind）:按链接的文本模糊进行查找

WebElement login = driver.findElement(By.linkText("登录"));

login.click();

⑤className（classNameToFind）:按class属性进行查找（有不可见元素失败）

HTML:<a class="senior-search-link" href="//tieba.baidu.com/f/search/adv">高级搜索</a>

Java:
WebElement login = driver.findElement(By.className("lb"));

⑥TagName（TagNameToFind）:按名称进行查找，返回第一个匹配项（有不可见元素失败）

HTML:<a class="senior-search-link" href="//tieba.baidu.com/f/search/adv">高级搜索</a>

Java:

WebElement tagname = driver.findElement(By.tagName("a"));

List<WebElement> tagnames = driver.findElements(By.tagName("a"));

⑦XPath（xPathToFind）:

WebElement tagname = driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@id='u1']/a[7]"));

⑧CSS

WebElement tagname = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("html<body<div<input[type='button']"));

⑨jQuery

import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2017/7/23.
 */
public class JQueryTest {
    WebDriver driver;
    JavascriptExecutor js;

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @Test
    public void JQueryTest() {
        driver = new FirefoxDriver();
        driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/");
        js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
        injectjQueryIfNeeded();
    }

    private void injectjQueryIfNeeded() {
        if (!jQueryLoaded()) {
                injectjQuery();
        }
    }

    private void injectjQuery() {
        js.executeScript("var headID="
        +"document.getElementsByTagName(\"head\")[0];"
        +"var newScript=document.createElement('script');"
        +"newScript.type='text/javascript';"
        +"newScript.src="
        +"'http://ajax.gooleapis.com/ajax/"
        +"libs/jquery/1.7.2/jquery.min.js';"
        +"headID.appendChild(newScript);");
    }

    private boolean jQueryLoaded() {
        Boolean loaded;
        try {
            loaded = (Boolean) js.executeScript("return" + "JQuery()!=null");
        } catch (WebDriverException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        loaded = false;
        return loaded;
    }

}

⑩表格定位方法

<table width="400" border="1" id="table">
<tr>
<td align="left">消费项目....</td>
<td align="right">一月</th>
<td align="right">二月</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">衣服</td>
<td align="right">1000元</th>
<td align="right">500元</th>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td align="left">化妆品</td>
    <td align="right">3000元</th>
    <td align="right">500元</th>
    </tr>
<tr>
    <td align="left">食物</td>
    <td align="right">3000元</th>
    <td align="right">650.00元</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td align="left">总计</td>
        <td align="right">7000元</th>
        <td align="right">1150元</th>
        </tr>
        </table>

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterTest;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2017/7/24.
 */
public class TableTest {
    WebDriver driver;
    @BeforeTest
    public void before(){
        System.setProperty("webdriver.firefox.bin", "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe");
        driver = new FirefoxDriver();
        driver.get("http://localhost:3000/");
    }
    @AfterTest
    public void quit(){
        driver.quit();
    }
    @Test
    public void tableTest() throws InterruptedException {
        WebElement table = driver.findElement(By.id("table"));
        List<WebElement> tr = table.findElements(By.tagName("tr"));
        Assert.assertEquals(5,tr.size());
        for (WebElement t:tr){
            List<WebElement> td = t.findElements(By.tagName("td"));
            for (WebElement d:td) {
                System.out.print(d.getText()+"\t");

            }
            System.out.println("");
        }
    }
}