pip3 常见用法总结

换源

第一件事当然是换源 ~

pip 国内的一些镜像

阿里云 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
中国科技大学 https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/
豆瓣(douban) http://pypi.douban.com/simple/
清华大学 https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
中国科学技术大学 http://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/

修改源方法：

临时使用：
可以在使用pip的时候在后面加上-i参数，指定pip源

eg: pip install scrapy -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

永久修改：

LInux系统
修改 ~/.pip/pip.conf (没有就创建一个)， 内容如下：

[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

Windows:
win+R 打开用户目录%HOMEPATH%，在此目录下创建 pip 文件夹，在 pip 目录下创建 pip.ini 文件, 内容如下：

[global]

timeout = 6000

index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

trusted-host = pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

conda 换源

添加清华的镜像源

conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/msys2/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
conda config --set show_channel_urls yes

conda - -help // 找到配置文件.condarc 的路径 ，将上述显示的配置信息中 - defaults 所在行删除保存即可

查看源：

conda config --show channels

换回默认源

conda config --remove-key channels

用法总览

pip3 --help

Usage:   
  pip <command> [options]

Commands:
  install                     Install packages.
  download                    Download packages.
  uninstall                   Uninstall packages.
  freeze                      Output installed packages in requirements format.
  list                        List installed packages.
  show                        Show information about installed packages.
  check                       Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.
  search                      Search PyPI for packages.
  wheel                       Build wheels from your requirements.
  hash                        Compute hashes of package archives.
  completion                  A helper command used for command completion.
  help                        Show help for commands.

General Options:
  -h, --help                  Show help.
  --isolated                  Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user
                              configuration.
  -v, --verbose               Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
  -V, --version               Show version and exit.
  -q, --quiet                 Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times
                              (corresponding to WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).
  --log <path>                Path to a verbose appending log.
  --proxy <proxy>             Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
  --retries <retries>         Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
  --timeout <sec>             Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
  --exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe,
                              (b)ackup, (a)bort.
  --trusted-host <hostname>   Mark this host as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any HTTPS.
  --cert <path>               Path to alternate CA bundle.
  --client-cert <path>        Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and
                              the certificate in PEM format.
  --cache-dir <dir>           Store the cache data in <dir>.
  --no-cache-dir              Disable the cache.
  --disable-pip-version-check
                              Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is
                              available for download. Implied with --no-index.

一、安装 & 移除

安装指定包的最新版

pip3 install pkg_name

安装制定包的指定版本

pip3 install pkg_name==version

$ pip3 install django==2.0.5

移除指定包

pip3 uninstall pkg_name

在 PyPI 上模糊查找相关包

pip3 search pkg_name

二、查看相关

查看所有已安装的包

pip3 list

形如：
amqp (1.4.9)
anyjson (0.3.3)
asn1crypto (0.24.0)

查看指定包的相关信息

pip3 show pkg_name

$ pip3 show django
Name: Django
Version: 2.1.4
Summary: A high-level Python Web framework that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design.
Home-page: https://www.djangoproject.com/
Author: Django Software Foundation
Author-email: foundation@djangoproject.com
License: BSD
Location: /home/ezreal/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages
Requires: pytz

三、更新相关

更新 pip

在 Anaconda prompt 环境下

conda upgrade pip

普通环境

python -m pip install --upgrade pip

更新包

检查哪些包需要更新

pip list --outdated

更新指定包

pip install --upgrade pkg_name

四、freeze 的使用

列出所有已安装包

pip3 freeze

形如：
vine==1.1.4
virtualenv==16.1.0
youtube-dl==2018.9.10

生成 requirements.txt 文件

• 将当前 Python 环境下所有类库导出生成为 requirements.txt

pip3 freeze > requirements.txt

• 将特定项目使用的类库导出生成为 requirements.txt（其中.为当前文件夹下的项目，可改成你项目的路径）

# 需要安装第三方库
pip3 install pipreqs

# .表示当前目录
pipreqs . --encoding=utf8

• 安装 requirements.txt 依赖

pip3 install -r requirements.txt

五、遇到的异常及解决

PermissionError: [WinError 5] 拒绝访问

解决：加上--user参数

pip install --user --upgrade tensorflow-gpu

REFERENCES

[1] PIP 更换国内安装源：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/yuzaipiaofei/article/details/80891108