#include <windows.h>
// 菜单项 ID（自定义）
#define IDM_FILE_NEW 1001
#define IDM_FILE_OPEN 1002
#define IDM_FILE_SAVE 1003
#define IDM_FILE_EXIT 1004
#define IDM_HELP_ABOUT 1005
#define ID_VIEW_BIG 1006
#define ID_VIEW_SMALL 1007
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
HINSTANCE g_hInstance;
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) {
g_hInstance = hInstance;
TCHAR CLASS_NAME[] = L"MyWindowClass";
WNDCLASS wc = { 0 };
wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wc.hInstance = hInstance;
wc.lpszClassName = CLASS_NAME;
wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_BTNFACE + 1);
if (!RegisterClass(&wc)) {
MessageBox(NULL, L"注册窗口类失败！", L"错误", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
return 0;
}
HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(
CLASS_NAME,
L"我的应用程序",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, 400, 300,
NULL,
NULL, // ✅ 绑定菜单资源
hInstance,
NULL
);
if (!hWnd) {
MessageBox(NULL, L"创建窗口失败！", L"错误", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
return 0;
}
{
// 菜单项 ID（自定义）
#define IDM_FILE_NEW 1001
#define IDM_FILE_OPEN 1002
#define IDM_FILE_SAVE 1003
#define IDM_FILE_EXIT 1004
#define IDM_HELP_ABOUT 1005
// ✅ 使用 CreateMenu 和 AppendMenu 动态创建菜单
HMENU hMainMenu = CreateMenu(); // 创建主菜单（整个菜单栏）
HMENU hFileMenu = CreateMenu(); // 创建“文件”下拉菜单
HMENU hHelpMenu = CreateMenu(); // 创建“帮助”下拉菜单
// 向“文件”菜单添加项
AppendMenu(hFileMenu, MF_STRING, IDM_FILE_NEW, L"新建(&N)");
AppendMenu(hFileMenu, MF_STRING, IDM_FILE_OPEN, L"打开(&O)");
AppendMenu(hFileMenu, MF_STRING, IDM_FILE_SAVE, L"保存(&S)");
AppendMenu(hFileMenu, MF_SEPARATOR, 0, NULL); // 分隔符
AppendMenu(hFileMenu, MF_STRING, IDM_FILE_EXIT, L"退出(&X)");
// 向“帮助”菜单添加项
AppendMenu(hHelpMenu, MF_STRING, IDM_HELP_ABOUT, L"关于(&A)");
// 将下拉菜单附加到主菜单栏
AppendMenu(hMainMenu, MF_POPUP, (UINT_PTR)hFileMenu, L"文件(&F)");
AppendMenu(hMainMenu, MF_POPUP, (UINT_PTR)hHelpMenu, L"帮助(&H)");
//HMENU hMenuPopup = CreateMenu(); // 弹出菜单句柄
//AppendMenu(hMenuPopup, MF_STRING, ID_VIEW_BIG, TEXT("大图标"));
//AppendMenu(hMenuPopup, MF_STRING, ID_VIEW_SMALL, TEXT("小图标"));
//AppendMenu(hMainMenu, MF_STRING | MF_POPUP | MF_RIGHTJUSTIFY, (UINT_PTR)hMenuPopup, TEXT("视图"));
// 将主菜单绑定到窗口
SetMenu(hWnd, hMainMenu);
}
ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(hWnd);
MSG msg;
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) {
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
return (int)msg.wParam;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
HMENU hMenu;
WORD arrMenuTemplate[] = {
// MENUITEMTEMPLATEHEADER 结构
0, 0,
// 多个 MENUITEMTEMPLATE 结构
MF_STRING | MF_POPUP, L'编', L'辑', 0,
MF_STRING, 40030, L'剪', L'切', L'(', L'&', L'T', L')', L'\t', L'C', L't', L'r',
L'l', L'+', L'X', 0,
MF_STRING, 40031, L'复', L'制', L'(', L'&', L'C', L')', L'\t', L'C', L't', L'r',
L'l', L'+', L'C', 0,
MF_STRING, 40032, L'粘', L'贴', L'(', L'&', L'P', L')', L'\t', L'C', L't', L'r',
L'l', L'+', L'V', 0,
MF_SEPARATOR, 0, 0,
MF_STRING, 40033, L'红', L'色', L'(', L'&', L'R', L')', 0,
MF_STRING, 40034, L'绿', L'色', L'(', L'&', L'G', L')', 0,
MF_STRING | MF_HILITE, 40035, L'蓝', L'色', L'(', L'&', L'B', L')', 0,
// 第 2 个弹出菜单，最后一个子菜单项需要 MF_HILITE 标志
MF_STRING | MF_POPUP, L'视', L'图', 0,
MF_STRING, 40036, L'大', L'图', L'标', L'(', L'&', L'D', L')', 0,
MF_STRING | MF_HILITE, 40037, L'小', L'图', L'标', L'(', L'&', L'S', L')', 0,
// 第 3 个弹出菜单，开始和结束都需要 MF_HILITE 标志，说明这是最后一个弹出菜单
MF_STRING | MF_POPUP | MF_HELP | MF_HILITE, L'帮', L'助', 0,
MF_STRING | MF_HILITE, 40038, L'关', L'于', L'H', L'e', L'l', L'l', L'o', L'W',
L'i', L'n', L'd', L'o', L'w', L's', L'(', L'&', L'A', L')', 0
};
switch (message) {
case WM_CREATE:
{
HMENU hMenu = GetMenu(hWnd); // 前面讲过，GetMenu 函数用于获取一个窗口的菜单句柄
HMENU hMenuPopup = CreateMenu(); // 弹出菜单句柄
AppendMenu(hMenuPopup, MF_STRING, ID_VIEW_BIG, TEXT("大图标"));
AppendMenu(hMenuPopup, MF_STRING, ID_VIEW_SMALL, TEXT("小图标"));
AppendMenu(hMenu, MF_STRING | MF_POPUP| MF_RIGHTJUSTIFY, (UINT_PTR)hMenuPopup, TEXT("视图"));
DrawMenuBar(hWnd);
return 0;
}
break;
case WM_CHAR:
// 从内存中动态加载菜单资源(菜单模板)
hMenu = LoadMenuIndirect(arrMenuTemplate);
SetMenu(hWnd, hMenu);
return 0;
case WM_COMMAND:
{
WORD wmId = LOWORD(wParam);
switch (wmId) {
case 40030:
MessageBox(hWnd, TEXT("按下了剪切"), TEXT("提示"), MB_OK);
break;
case 40036:
MessageBox(hWnd, TEXT("按下了大图标"), TEXT("提示"), MB_OK);
break;
case 40038:
MessageBox(hWnd, TEXT("按下了关于 HelloWindows"), TEXT("提示"), MB_OK);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
break;
}
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}
我放在WM_CREATE中依然没有什么用
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博客主要介绍了AppendMenu的用法，为信息技术领域中相关开发人员提供了关于该功能使用的信息。
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