HttpClient 和 HttpURLConnection

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-11 01:07:36 发布

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#网络请求 #HttpClient #HttpURLConnection

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本文介绍了Android中两种常见的网络访问方式——HttpClient和HttpURLConnection。虽然HttpClient在早期版本中常用，但自Android 2.3后，HttpURLConnection成为推荐选择。在Android 6.0后，HttpClient被移除，需额外引入。文章通过实例展示了HttpClient的GET和POST请求，以及HttpURLConnection的POST请求实现。

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HttpClient 和 HttpURLConnection

1、Android网络访问简介

1、HttpClient

1.1、使用HttpClient实践GET请求

1.2、使用HttpClient实践POSt请求

2、HttpURLConnection

HttpClient 和 HttpURLConnection

1、Android网络访问简介

在android移动端访问网络资源会接触到两个类HttpClient 和 HttpURLConnection

在android2.2和之前的版本会使用HttpClient，但是在android2.3之后一般使用HttpURLConnection，HttpClient是Apache的一个开源库。

从Android6.0这个版本Android SDK删除了HttpClient的类库，如果开发者想使用这个类库可以在build.gradle中添加一下代码来引入该类库：

android {
    ...
    useLibrary 'org.apache.http.legacy'
}

注意在android中使用网络请求的时候不要忘记在清单文件中申请权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

1、HttpClient

下面是我们使用HttpClient的例子，AndroidHttpClient实际上继承HttpClient，我们这里使用AndroidHttpClient来实践。

public final class AndroidHttpClient implements HttpClient；

1.1、使用HttpClient实践GET请求

private AndroidHttpClient createHttpClient() {
    AndroidHttpClient androidHttpClient = AndroidHttpClient.newInstance("");
    HttpParams httpParams = androidHttpClient.getParams();
    HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(httpParams, 15000);//设置连接超时
    HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(httpParams, 15000);//设置请求超时
    HttpConnectionParams.setTcpNoDelay(httpParams, true);
    HttpProtocolParams.setVersion(httpParams, HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1);
    HttpProtocolParams.setContentCharset(httpParams, HTTP.UTF_8);
    HttpProtocolParams.setUseExpectContinue(httpParams, true);
    return androidHttpClient;
}

private String converStreamToString(InputStream is) throws IOException {
    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
    String line = null;
    while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
        sb.append(line + "\n");
    }
    String respose = sb.toString();
    return respose;
}

private void httpGet(String url) {
    HttpGet mHttpGet = new HttpGet(url);
    mHttpGet.addHeader("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
    try {
        AndroidHttpClient httpClient = createHttpClient();
        HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(mHttpGet);
        HttpEntity httpEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();
        int code = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
        if (httpEntity != null) {
            InputStream is = httpEntity.getContent();
            String response = converStreamToString(is);
            Log.i("#请求结果#", "code:" + code + "\n response:" + response);
            is.close();
        }
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

private void doGet() {
    new Thread(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            httpGet("http://api.k780.com/?app=weather.history&weaid=1&date=2015-07-20&appkey=10003&sign=b59bc3ef6191eb9f747dd4e83c99f2a4&format=json");
        }
    }).start();

}

1.2、使用HttpClient实践POSt请求

private void httpPost(String url) {
    HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
    httpPost.addHeader("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
    try {
        HttpClient httpClient = createHttpClient();
        List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<>();
        params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("weaid", "1"));
        params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("date", "2015-07-20"));
        params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("appkey", "10003"));
        params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("sign", "b59bc3ef6191eb9f747dd4e83c99f2a4"));
        params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("format", "json"));
        httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params));
        HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
        HttpEntity httpEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();
        int code = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
        if (httpEntity != null) {
            InputStream is = httpEntity.getContent();
            String response = converStreamToString(is);
            Log.i("#请求结果#", "code:" + code + "\n response:" + response);
            is.close();
        }
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

private void doPost() {
    new Thread(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            //http://api.k780.com/?app=weather.history&weaid=1&date=2015-07-20&appkey=10003&sign=b59bc3ef6191eb9f747dd4e83c99f2a4&format=json
            httpPost("http://api.k780.com/?app=weather.history");
        }
    }).start();

}

2、HttpURLConnection

首先封装一个管理类UrlConnectionMananger

public class UrlConnectionMananger {

    public static HttpURLConnection getHttpURLConnection(String urlStr) {
        HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = null;
        try {

            URL url = new URL(urlStr);
            httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(30000);//设置连接超时
            httpURLConnection.setReadTimeout(30000);//设置读取超时
            httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");//设置请求方式
            httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");//设置头
            httpURLConnection.setDoInput(true);//接收输入流
            httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);//通过url进行输出
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        return httpURLConnection;
    }


    public static void postParams(OutputStream outputStream, List<NameValuePair> paramsList) throws IOException {

        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
        for (NameValuePair nameValuePair : paramsList) {
            if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(builder)) {
                builder.append("&");
            }
            builder.append(URLEncoder.encode(nameValuePair.getName(),"UTF-8"));
            builder.append("=");
            builder.append(URLEncoder.encode(nameValuePair.getValue(),"UTF-8"));
        }
        BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream,"UTF-8"));
        Log.i("#######",builder.toString());
        writer.write(builder.toString());
        writer.flush();
        writer.close();
    }

然后在Activity中使用，这里使用HttpURLConnection做POST请求

private void useHttpPost(String url) {
    InputStream inputStream = null;
    HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = UrlConnectionMananger.getHttpURLConnection(url);
    try {
        List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<>();
        params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("weaid", "1"));
        params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("date", "2015-07-20"));
        params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("appkey", "10003"));
        params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("sign", "b59bc3ef6191eb9f747dd4e83c99f2a4"));
        params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("format", "json"));

        UrlConnectionMananger.postParams(httpURLConnection.getOutputStream(),params);
        httpURLConnection.connect();
        inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
        int code = httpURLConnection.getResponseCode();
        String response = converStreamToString(inputStream);
        Log.i("#请求结果#", "code:" + code + "\n response:" + response);
        inputStream.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

private void doHttpConnectionPost() {
    new Thread(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            useHttpPost("http://api.k780.com/?app=weather.history");
        }
    }).start();
}

调用doHttpConnectionPost()测试

请求结果打印部分如下，上面的get和post请求用的同一个url，都是支持的

code: 200
response: {
        "success": "1",
        "result": [{
                    "weaid": "1",
                    "week": "星期一",
                    "cityno": "beijing",
                    "citynm": "北京",
                    "cityid": "101010100",
                    "uptime": "2015-07-20 00:50:00",
                    "temperature": "22℃",
                    "humidity": "97%",
                    "aqi": "101",
                    "weather": "晴",
                    "weather_icon": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/d/0.gif",
                    "wind": "东北风",
                    "winp": "1级",
                    "temp": "22",
                    "weatid": "1",
                    "windid": "13",
                    "winpid": "201",
                    "weather_iconid": "0"
                }, {
                    "weaid": "1",
                    "week": "星期一",
                    "cityno": "beijing",
                    "citynm": "北京",
                    "cityid": "101010100",
                    "uptime": "2015-07-20 01:50:00",
                    "temperature": "22℃",
                    "humidity": "99%",
                    "aqi": "102",
                    "weather": "晴",
                    "weather_icon": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/d/0.gif",
                    "wind": "东北风",
                    "winp": "1级",
                    "temp": "22",
                    "weatid": "1",
                    "windid": "13",
                    "winpid": "201",
                    "weather_iconid": "0"
                }]

上面使用HttpURLConnection实践了POST请求，GET请求也是一样，只需修改

httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("GET");即可

public static HttpURLConnection getHttpURLConnection(String urlStr) {
    HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = null;
    try {

        URL url = new URL(urlStr);
        httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(30000);//设置连接超时
        httpURLConnection.setReadTimeout(30000);//设置读取超时
        httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("GET");//设置请求方式
        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");//设置头
        httpURLConnection.setDoInput(true);//接收输入流
        httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);//通过url进行输出
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    return httpURLConnection;
}