linux读xml文件内容,linux下使用libxml2库读写XML文件

一、安装libxml2库

在linux对XML文件进行增、删、改、查，需要使用库libxml2

我下载的文件是libxml2-2.6.30.tar.gz，将它放到到自己的Linux环境中，解压文件：

tar -xzvf libxml2-2.6.30.tar.gz

进入解压后的文件，依次输入命令安装：

./configure

make

make install

如果想检查安装效果可以输入命令：

make tests

卸载已安装的库可以输入命令

make uninstall

安装后的库，会被安放在两个地方：

*.h文件会被放到地址 /usr/local/include/libxml2/libxml

*.so文件会被放到地址 /usr/local/lib

二、源码一(a.cpp)

a.cpp建立了一个XML文档，根节点List，下面有2个Person，每个Person下有若干属性和若干Achievement作为子结点

#include

#include

#include

int main()

{

//建立XML文档和根结点

xmlDocPtr doc = xmlNewDoc(BAD_CAST"1.0");

xmlNodePtr root = xmlNewNode(NULL, BAD_CAST"List");

//将根节点绑定到XML文档

xmlDocSetRootElement(doc, root);

//建立Person结点，为其安装四个属性

xmlNodePtr nodeTsybius = xmlNewNode(NULL, BAD_CAST"Person");

xmlNewProp(nodeTsybius, BAD_CAST"Id", BAD_CAST"1001");

xmlNewProp(nodeTsybius, BAD_CAST"Name", BAD_CAST"Tsybius");

xmlNewProp(nodeTsybius, BAD_CAST"Sex", BAD_CAST"Male");

xmlNewProp(nodeTsybius, BAD_CAST"Age", BAD_CAST"23");

xmlAddChild(root, nodeTsybius);

//在Person结点下安放子结点，并为子节点添加内容

xmlNewTextChild(nodeTsybius, NULL, BAD_CAST"Achievement", BAD_CAST"ABC Rank 2");

xmlNewTextChild(nodeTsybius, NULL, BAD_CAST"Achievement", BAD_CAST"DEF Rank 4");

xmlNodePtr nodeGalatea = xmlNewNode(NULL, BAD_CAST"Person");

xmlNewProp(nodeGalatea, BAD_CAST"Id", BAD_CAST"1002");

xmlNewProp(nodeGalatea, BAD_CAST"Name", BAD_CAST"Galatea");

xmlNewProp(nodeGalatea, BAD_CAST"Sex", BAD_CAST"Female");

xmlNewProp(nodeGalatea, BAD_CAST"Age", BAD_CAST"21");

xmlAddChild(root, nodeGalatea);

xmlNewTextChild(nodeGalatea, NULL, BAD_CAST"Achievement", BAD_CAST"ABC Rank 1");

xmlNewTextChild(nodeGalatea, NULL, BAD_CAST"Achievement", BAD_CAST"XYZ Rank 2");

xmlNewTextChild(nodeGalatea, NULL, BAD_CAST"Achievement", BAD_CAST"MNOP Rank 5");

//保存XML文档

int nRel = xmlSaveFile("List.xml", doc);

if(nRel != -1)

{

printf("List.xml: Created Successfully!\n");

}

//释放资源

xmlFreeDoc(doc);

xmlCleanupParser();

return 0;

}

三、源码二(b.cpp)

b.cpp对a.cpp中建立的XML文档进行修改

#include

#include

#include

#include

#define spc(level) PrintSpace(level)

//输出缩进用的空格(4个)

void PrintSpace(int level)

{

for(int counter = 0; counter < level; counter++)

{

printf(" ");

}

}

//主函数

int main()

{

//打开XML文件

xmlDocPtr doc = xmlParseFile("List.xml");

if(doc == NULL)

{

printf("Error: Can not open List.xml\n");

exit(1);

}

//找到首结点

xmlNodePtr root = xmlDocGetRootElement(doc);

if(root == NULL)

{

printf("Error: Can not find the root!\n");

exit(1);

}

xmlNodePtr person; //Person结点指针

xmlNodePtr achivm; //Achievement结点指针

//遍历一个Person结点

spc(0); printf("Name: %s\n", root -> name);

person = root -> children;

//逐个找出属性

spc(1); printf("Node: %s\n", person -> name);

spc(2); printf("Id: %s\n", xmlGetProp(person, BAD_CAST "Id"));

spc(2); printf("Name: %s\n", xmlGetProp(person, BAD_CAST "Name"));

spc(2); printf("Sex: %s\n", xmlGetProp(person, BAD_CAST "Sex"));

spc(2); printf("Age: %s\n", xmlGetProp(person, BAD_CAST "Age"));

//用循环遍历子节点，打印内容

for(achivm = person -> children; achivm; achivm = achivm -> next)

{

spc(3);

printf("Node: %s\t", achivm -> name);

printf("Content: %s\t", (char*)xmlNodeGetContent(achivm));

printf("End\n");

}

spc(1); printf("End\n");

//一个Person结点遍历结束

//转到下一个Person结点

person = person -> next;

//查看某属性是否与某字符串相等

if(xmlStrcmp(xmlGetProp(person, BAD_CAST "Name"), (const xmlChar*)"Galate"))

{

spc(1); printf(">> The next person is Galatea!\n");

}

else

{

spc(1); printf(">> The next person is not Galatea!\n");

}

//查看某结点是否有某属性

if(xmlHasProp(person, BAD_CAST "Height"))

{

spc(1); printf(">> The node person has attribute: Height!\n");

}

else

{

spc(1); printf(">> The next person does not have attribute: Height!\n");

}

//修改属性(Attribute)

xmlSetProp(person, (const xmlChar*)"Age", (const xmlChar*)"22");

spc(1); printf(">> Change Galatea's age from 21 to 22!\n");

//修改子结点中的内容(Content)

xmlNodeSetContent(person -> children, (const xmlChar*) "NEW Rank 1");

spc(1); printf(">> Change Galatea's 1st achievement to NEW Rank 1\n");

//打印修改后的person结点

spc(1); printf("Node: %s\n", person -> name);

spc(2); printf("Id: %s\n", xmlGetProp(person, BAD_CAST "Id"));

spc(2); printf("Name: %s\n", xmlGetProp(person, BAD_CAST "Name"));

spc(2); printf("Sex: %s\n", xmlGetProp(person, BAD_CAST "Sex"));

spc(2); printf("Age: %s\n", xmlGetProp(person, BAD_CAST "Age"));

for(achivm = person -> children; achivm; achivm = achivm -> next)

{

spc(3);

printf("Node: %s\t", achivm -> name);

printf("Content: %s\t", (char*)xmlNodeGetContent(achivm));

printf("End\n");

}

spc(1); printf("End\n");

spc(0); printf("End\n");

xmlFree(achivm);

xmlFree(person);

xmlFree(root);

xmlFree(doc);

xmlCleanupParser();

return 0;

}

四、编译

在a.cpp和b.cpp同一个目录下建立一个文件compile.sh，内容如下：

#!/bin/sh

echo compiling...

g++ a.cpp -I/usr/local/include/libxml2 -L/usr/local/lib -lxml2 -o a

g++ b.cpp -I/usr/local/include/libxml2 -L/usr/local/lib -lxml2 -o b

echo run a...

./a

cat List.xml

echo run b...

./b

exit 0

在命令行中输入下面命令编译a.cpp和b.cpp

/bin/sh compile.sh

五、运行结果

END

来源：oschina

链接：https://my.oschina.net/u/1425762/blog/309665