【案例】Oracle tar使用clone克隆方式安装数据库 完成数据库快速迁移
时间:2016-10-17 15:04 来源:Oracle研究中心 作者:网络 点击:
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天萃荷净
应DBA需求，将生产数据库10.2.0.4.10迁移至新服务器，通过linux tar使用clone克隆方式安装迁移数据库在配置DG环境的时候，我们需要在备库主机上安装数据库软件，如果源库安装了很多PATCH，那么我们备库使用普通安装的方式+手动打PATCH，那样将消耗大量的时间，使用clone方式安装，那就简单很多，一个小时内就可以安装一套单机数据库软件。
有些我们也有可能搭建一个测试环境，要求跟正式环境一样的版本(包括小版本)，这里我们也有可能会使用到clone的方式来安装数据库。
clone安装数据库的方式有很多，如何手动tar后再perl来手动安装，还有就是使用gc来clone安装，特别是使用gc的方式，相当的简单与直观，点点鼠标就可以完成。
下面介绍的使用tar这种手动安装方式，
1、在源库上tar整个数据库软件
[root@rhel4 db_1]# set -o vi
[root@rhel4 db_1]# tar cvf /soft/10_2_0_4.tar /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
2、传磅10_2_0_4.tar这个包到目标主机任意位置，要求使用binary的方式传输。
3、目标主机安装前准备工作
3.1 创建用户，可以和源库不一样
[root@test ~]# groupadd -g 211 dba
[root@test ~]# groupadd -g 210 oinstall
[root@test ~]# useradd -u 211 -g dba -G oinstall oracle10g
echo "oracle"|passwd oracle10g --stdin[root@test ~]# echo "oracle"|passwd oracle10g --stdin
Changing password for user oracle10g.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
3.2 修改内核参数
[root@test ~]# echo "kernel.shmmni = 4096
> kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
> fs.file-max = 65536
> net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
> net.core.rmem_default = 262144
> net.core.rmem_max = 262144
> net.core.wmem_default = 262144
> net.core.wmem_max = 262144
> net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 262144 262144 262144
> net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 262144 262144 262144">>/etc/sysctl.conf
[root@test ~]#
3.3 修改ulimit
[root@test ~]# echo "oracle10g soft memlock 5242880
> oracle10g hard memlock 524280
> oracle10g soft nproc 2047
> oracle10g hard nproc 16384
> oracle10g soft nofile 65536
> oracle10g hard nofile 65536">> /etc/security/limits.conf
[root@test ~]# echo "session required pam_limits.so">>/etc/pam.d/login
4、目标主机解压文件
[root@test soft]# set -o vi
[root@test soft]# tar xvf 10_2_0_4.tar -C /
5、修改oracle用户的bash_profile文件
[oracle10g@test ~]$ cat .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATH
unset USERNAME
export PATH
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl10g
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin:$PATH
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/lib32:$CRS_HOME/lib32:$ORA_CRS_HOME/lib32
export DISPLAY=192.168.111.1:0.0
set -o vi
stty erase ^h
[oracle10g@test ~]$
[oracle10g@test ~]$ . ./.bash_profile
6、开始安装
6.1、修改config.c
[oracle10g@test ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib
[oracle10g@test lib]$ mv config.
config.c config.o
[oracle10g@test lib]$ mv config.o config.o.back
/* SS_DBA_GRP defines the UNIX group ID for adminstrative access. */
/* Refer to the Installation and User's Guide for further information. */
/*如果这里两台主机的oracle所属组不一样的时候请记住，修改一下这个地方*/
#define SS_DBA_GRP "dba"
#define SS_OPER_GRP "dba"
char *ss_dba_grp[] = {SS_DBA_GRP, SS_OPER_GRP};
6.2 编译相当的文件
[oracle10g@test lib]$ make -f ins_rdbms.mk config.o
/usr/bin/gcc -O3 -trigraphs -fPIC -I/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/demo -I/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/public -I/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/plsql/public -I/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/public -DLINUX -DORAX86_64 -D_GNU_SOURCE -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE=1 -DSLTS_ENABLE -DSLMXMX_ENABLE -D_REENTRANT -DNS_THREADS -DLONG_IS_64 -fno-strict-aliasing -DSS_64BIT_SERVER -c -o config.o config.c
[oracle10g@test lib]$ make -f ins_rdbms.mk ioracle
chmod 755 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin
- Linking Oracle
rm -f /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/oracle
gcc -o /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/oracle -L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/ -L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ -L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/stubs/ -Wl,-E `test -f /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/sskgpsmti.o && echo /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/sskgpsmti.o` /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/opimai.o /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/ssoraed.o /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/ttcsoi.o /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/defopt.o -Wl,--whole-archive -lperfsrv10 -Wl,--no-whole-archive /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/nautab.o /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/naeet.o /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/naect.o /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/naedhs.o /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/config.o -lserver10 -lodm10 -lnnet10 -lskgxp10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10 -lhasgen10 -lcore10 -lskgxn2 -locr10 -locrb10 -locrutl10 -lhasgen10 -lcore10 -lskgxn2 -lclient10 -lvsn10 -lcommon10 -lgeneric10 -lknlopt `if /usr/bin/ar tv /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/libknlopt.a | grep xsyeolap.o > /dev/null 2>&1 ; then echo "-loraolap10" ; fi` -lslax10 -lpls10 -lplp10 -lserver10 -lclient10 -lvsn10 -lcommon10 -lgeneric10 `if [ -f /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/libavserver10.a ] ; then echo "-lavserver10" ; else echo "-lavstub10"; fi` `if [ -f /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/libavclient10.a ] ; then echo "-lavclient10" ; fi` -lknlopt -lslax10 -lpls10 -lplp10 -ljox10 -lserver10 -lclsra10 -ldbcfg10 -locijdbcst10 -lwwg `cat /uOracle о 01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10 -ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lnro10 `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10 -ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lmm -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10 `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10 -ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lnro10 `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10 -ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10 `if /usr/bin/ar tv /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/libknlopt.a | grep "kxmnsd.o" > /dev/null 2>&1 ; then echo " " ; else echo "-lordsdo10"; fi` -lctxc10 -lctx10 -lzx10 -lgx10 -lctx10 -lzx10 -lgx10 -lordimt10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10 -lsnls10 -lunls10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10 -laio `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/sysliblist` -Wl,-rpath,/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib -lm `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/sysliblist` -ldl -lm -L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib//libcore10.a(lcd.o)(.text+0xb71): In function `lcdprm':
: warning: the `gets' function is dangerous and should not be used.
mv -f /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/oracleO
mv /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/oracle /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle
chmod 6751 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle
6.3 、创建/etc/oraInst.loc
这个文件也可以不用创建，后面会自动创建
[root@test db_1]# cat /etc/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
6.4、开始安装
[oracle10g@test lib]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/clone/bin
[oracle10g@test bin]$ perl clone.pl ORACLE_HOME="$ORACLE_HOME" ORACLE_HOME_NAME="Oracle10g2204"
./runInstaller -silent -clone -waitForCompletion "ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1" "ORACLE_HOME_NAME=Oracle10g2204" -noConfig -nowait
You do not have sufficient permissions to access the inventory '/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory'. Installation cannot continue. Make sure that you have read/write permissions to the inventory directory and restart the installer.: Permission denied
[oracle10g@test bin]$ perl clone.pl ORACLE_HOME="$ORACLE_HOME" ORACLE_HOME_NAME="Oracle10g2204"
[root@test app]# chown oracle10g:oinstall oracle
[oracle10g@test bin]$ perl clone.pl ORACLE_HOME="$ORACLE_HOME" ORACLE_HOME_NAME="Oracle10g2204"
./runInstaller -silent -clone -waitForCompletion "ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1" "ORACLE_HOME_NAME=Oracle10g2204" -noConfig -nowait
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
No pre-requisite checks found in oraparam.ini, no system pre-requisite checks will be executed.
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2013-04-16_07-28-13PM. Please wait ...Oracle Universal Installer, Version 10.2.0.4.0 Production
Copyright (C) 1999, 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved.
You can find a log of this install session at:
/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/cloneActions2013-04-16_07-28-13PM.log
....................................................................................................
这里没有输出了。
[root@test OraInstall2013-04-16_07-28-13PM]# strace -p 10395
Process 10395 attached - interrupt to quit
wait4(10396,
[oracle10g@test bin]$ perl clone.pl ORACLE_HOME="$ORACLE_HOME" ORACLE_HOME_NAME="Oracle10g2204"
./runInstaller -silent -clone -waitForCompletion "ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1" "ORACLE_HOME_NAME=Oracle10g2204" -noConfig -nowait
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
No pre-requisite checks found in oraparam.ini, no system pre-requisite checks will be executed.
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2013-04-16_08-02-12PM. Please wait ...Oracle Universal Installer, Version 10.2.0.4.0 Production
Copyright (C) 1999, 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved.
You can find a log of this install session at:
/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/cloneActions2013-04-16_08-02-12PM.log
.................................................................................................... 100% Done.
Installation in progress (Tuesday, April 16, 2013 8:02:23 PM CST)
.......................................................................... 74% Done.
Install successful
Linking in progress (Tuesday, April 16, 2013 8:02:30 PM CST)
Link successful
Setup in progress (Tuesday, April 16, 2013 8:04:12 PM CST)
Setup successful
End of install phases.(Tuesday, April 16, 2013 8:04:14 PM CST)
WARNING:
The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user.
#!/bin/sh
#Root script to run
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
1. Open a terminal window
2. Log in as "root"
3. Run the scripts
The cloning of Oracle10g2204 was successful.
Please check '/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/cloneActions2013-04-16_08-02-12PM.log' for more details.
6.5、执行root.sh文件
[root@test ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh
Running Oracle10 root.sh script...
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle10g
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
[root@test ~]#
到此，安装成功，下面的工作就是配置监听，搭建DG或者创建相应的数据库了。
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