oracle 修改nls_characterset,修改props$.NLS_CHARACTERSET导致ORA-00900异常恢复

今天一朋友和我说他的数据库不能open,open过程提示ORA-00900错误,通过分析alert日志和props$表,发现他们修改了一个无效的NLS_CHARACTERSET值，导致数据库无法正常启动(准确的说，因为数据库里面该值无效，当数据库open的过程中，检测到控制文件指定的编码和该值不一致，然后修改控制文件的编码，修改之后，数据库一到mount状态执行任何语句都报ORA-00900错误),通过一些工具修改NLS_CHARACTERSET为正确值该故障解决

重现ORA-00900故障

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production

PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production

CORE 11.2.0.3.0 Production

TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production

NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production

SQL> select value$ from props$ where name='NLS_CHARACTERSET';

VALUE$

-------------------------------------------------------

ZHS16GBK

SQL> update props$ set value$='AL16UTF16' where name='NLS_CHARACTERSET';

1 row updated.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/tmp/ora11g.ctl';

Database altered.

SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 175775744 bytes

Fixed Size 1343668 bytes

Variable Size 117444428 bytes

Database Buffers 50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers 6656000 bytes

Database mounted.

ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced

ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1

ORA-00900: invalid SQL statement

Process ID: 5277

Session ID: 125 Serial number: 5

SQL> startup nomount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 175775744 bytes

Fixed Size 1343668 bytes

Variable Size 117444428 bytes

Database Buffers 50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers 6656000 bytes

SQL> alter database mount;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open;

alter database open

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00900: invalid SQL statement

SQL>select * from dual;

select * from dual

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00900: invalid SQL statement

SQL> shutdown abort

ORACLE instance shut down.

第一次startup(open)过程报错

SMON: enabling tx recovery

Updating character set in controlfile to AL16UTF16

Errors in file /u01/oracle/diag/rdbms/ora11g/ora11g/trace/ora11g_ora_5277.trc:

ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level %s

ORA-00900: invalid SQL statementursive SQL level %s

Errors in file /u01/oracle/diag/rdbms/ora11g/ora11g/trace/ora11g_ora_5277.trc:

ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level %s

ORA-00900: invalid SQL statementursive SQL level %s

Error 604 happened during db open, shutting down database

USER (ospid: 5277): terminating the instance due to error 604

Errors in file /u01/oracle/diag/rdbms/ora11g/ora11g/trace/ora11g_smon_5243.trc:

ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level %s

ORA-00900: invalid SQL statementursive SQL level %s

Instance terminated by USER, pid = 5277

ORA-1092 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE OPEN...

opiodr aborting process unknown ospid (5277) as a result of ORA-1092

Sat May 18 00:44:27 2013

ORA-1092 : opitsk aborting process

这里比较明显的看到有一条(Updating character set in controlfile to AL16UTF16),正是由于这个操作，更新控制文件的编码为一个无效的编码，从而导致在后面数据库mount(加载控制文件)之后，就不能再进行其他任何操作

解决思路

使用odu找出来block位置，或者在同版本库中查询

使用dul或者bbed修改props$的NLS_CHARACTERSET值

重建控制文件(noresetlogs方式)

处理过程

SQL> shutdown abort

ORACLE instance shut down.

odu找出来block位置

dul或者bbed修改block值

重建控制文件(noresetlogs方式)

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 175775744 bytes

Fixed Size 1343668 bytes

Variable Size 117444428 bytes

Database Buffers 50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers 6656000 bytes

Database mounted.

ORA-01113: file 1 needs media recovery

ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/oracle/oradata/ora11g/system01.dbf'

SQL> recover database;

Media recovery complete.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

从oracle 9i开始，修改数据库的编码，直接使用alter database character set internal_use方式进行,而不要使用直接修改props$基表,更不能修改一个实际中不存在的编码值(本文中数据库编码和国家编码搞混淆从而出现该故障)