【java.util.concurrent】CyclicBarrier解析

最新推荐文章于 2025-08-11 20:54:36 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-08-11 20:54:36 发布

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文章标签： java

原文链接：https://my.oschina.net/eager/blog/729986

本文通过赛马示例详细解析了 Java 并发工具 CyclicBarrier 的使用方法及原理。CyclicBarrier 类似于 CountDownLatch，但能重复使用，适用于需要同步多个线程并使其在某个点汇合的任务。

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一、概念

有点类似CountDownLatch类，只是CountDownLatch只触发一次事件，而CyclicBarrier可以多次重用。如果你希望多线程并行执行任务，需等待所有线程均已完成现步骤之后再进入下一步骤，直至最后所有任务完成。

二、代码示例

本人觉得《Thinking in Java》中的赛马例子非常好，能够一目了然。所以，在此就借用该书例子，如下：

class Horse implements Runnable {
	private static int counter = 0;
	private final int id = counter++;
	private int strides = 0;
	private static Random rand = new Random(47);
	private static CyclicBarrier barrier;

	public Horse(CyclicBarrier b) {
		barrier = b;
	}

	public synchronized int getStrides() {
		return strides;
	}

	public void run() {
		try {
			while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
				synchronized (this) {
					strides += rand.nextInt(3); // Produces 0, 1 or 2
				}
				barrier.await();
			}
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			// A legitimate way to exit
		} catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
			// This one we want to know about
			throw new RuntimeException(e);
		}
	}

	public String toString() {
		return "Horse " + id + " ";
	}

	public String tracks() {
		StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
		for (int i = 0; i < getStrides(); i++)
			s.append("*");
		s.append(id);
		return s.toString();
	}
}

public class HorseRace {
	static final int FINISH_LINE = 75;
	private List<Horse> horses = new ArrayList<Horse>();
	private ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
	private CyclicBarrier barrier;

	public HorseRace(int nHorses, final int pause) {
		barrier = new CyclicBarrier(nHorses, new Runnable() {
			public void run() {
				StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
				for (int i = 0; i < FINISH_LINE; i++)
					s.append("="); // The fence on the racetrack
				System.out.println(s);
				for (Horse horse : horses)
					System.out.println(horse.tracks());
				for (Horse horse : horses)
					if (horse.getStrides() >= FINISH_LINE) {
						System.out.println(horse + "won!");
						exec.shutdownNow();
						return;
					}
				try {
					TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(pause);
				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					print("barrier-action sleep interrupted");
				}
			}
		});
		for (int i = 0; i < nHorses; i++) {
			Horse horse = new Horse(barrier);
			horses.add(horse);
			exec.execute(horse);
		}
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		int nHorses = 7;
		int pause = 200;
		if (args.length > 0) { // Optional argument
			int n = new Integer(args[0]);
			nHorses = n > 0 ? n : nHorses;
		}
		if (args.length > 1) { // Optional argument
			int p = new Integer(args[1]);
			pause = p > -1 ? p : pause;
		}
		new HorseRace(nHorses, pause);
	}
}

最初结果展示：