ORACLE RAC集群 RMAN自动备份controlfile失败之ORA-00245&ORA-27037

    近期oracle数据库巡检中，广州汕头一RAC集群有告警日志显示RMAN自动备份控制文件失败，原因是控制文件自动备份打开并且备份目录在本地，涉及的备份目录只在节点2上有，而在节点1上没有，导致控制文件自动备份失败！
    操作系统：RHEL6.7
    数据库版本：11.2.0.4
    告警日志信息：
    节点1：
Fri Jan 06 20:04:06 2017
Control file backup creation failed:
  failure to open backup target file /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/snapcf_orcl2.f.
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl1/trace/orcl1_ckpt_35202.trc:
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
[oracle@rac01 trace]$ more  /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl1/trace/orcl1_ckpt_35202.trc
Trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl1/trace/orcl1_ckpt_35202.trc
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
System name:    Linux
Node name:      rac01
Release:        4.1.12-37.4.1.el6uek.x86_64
Version:        #2 SMP Tue May 17 07:23:38 PDT 2016
Machine:        x86_64
Instance name: orcl1
Redo thread mounted by this instance: 1
Oracle process number: 21
Unix process pid: 35202, image: oracle@rac01 (CKPT)
*** 2016-09-21 22:04:41.855
*** SESSION ID:(153.1) 2016-09-21 22:04:41.855
*** CLIENT ID:() 2016-09-21 22:04:41.855
*** SERVICE NAME:(SYS$BACKGROUND) 2016-09-21 22:04:41.855
*** MODULE NAME:() 2016-09-21 22:04:41.855
*** ACTION NAME:() 2016-09-21 22:04:41.855
Redo thread 2 internally enabled
Control file enqueue hold time tracking dump at time: 5304

    节点2：
[oracle@rac02 trace]$ 
Fri Jan 06 20:04:06 2017
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl2/trace/orcl2_ora_63100.trc:
ORA-00245: control file backup failed; target is likely on a local file system
[oracle@rac02 trace]$ more  /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl2/trace/orcl2_ora_63100.trc
Trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl2/trace/orcl2_ora_63100.trc
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
System name:    Linux
Node name:      rac02
Release:        4.1.12-37.4.1.el6uek.x86_64
Version:        #2 SMP Tue May 17 07:23:38 PDT 2016
Machine:        x86_64
Instance name: orcl2
Redo thread mounted by this instance: 2
Oracle process number: 67
Unix process pid: 63100, image: oracle@rac02 (TNS V1-V3)
*** 2017-01-06 20:04:06.406
*** SESSION ID:(288.7239) 2017-01-06 20:04:06.406
*** CLIENT ID:() 2017-01-06 20:04:06.406
*** SERVICE NAME:(SYS$USERS) 2017-01-06 20:04:06.406
*** MODULE NAME:(backup archivelog) 2017-01-06 20:04:06.406
*** ACTION NAME:(0000096 STARTED111) 2017-01-06 20:04:06.406
Starting control autobackup
ORA-00245: control file backup failed; target is likely on a local file system
Got error: 245
Autobackup failed with following error
ORA-00245: control file backup failed; target is likely on a local file system
    查看集群控制文件位置（集群控制文件应该在共享存储，如果不在共享存储可能备份控制文件会失败）
[oracle@rac02 trace]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Jan 9 14:10:24 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select * from v$controlfile;
STATUS  NAME                                                                             IS_ BLOCK_SIZE FILE_SIZE_BLKS
-------     --------------------------------------------------------------------------------      --- ---------- --------------
          +DATA01/orcl/controlfile/current.260.923176917                         NO       16384           3384
SQL> quit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@rac02 trace]$
    在1节点尝试备份控制文件
[oracle@rac01 trace]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Jan 9 14:14:57 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1450957652)
RMAN> backup current controlfile;
Starting backup at 2017-01-09 14:15:12
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=462 instance=orcl1 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2017-01-09 14:15:14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2017-01-09 14:15:15
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/i5rpjijh_1_1 tag=TAG20170109T141513 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2017-01-09 14:15:15
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2017-01-09 14:15:15
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03009: failure of Control File and SPFILE Autobackup command on ORA_DISK_1 channel at 01/09/2017 14:15:16
ORA-19504: failed to create file "/u01/backup/data/c-1450957652-20170109-01"
ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 1
    查看rman备份设置（看到的备份设置是备份集群控制文件到本地）
[oracle@rac02 trace]$ rman target /
RMAN> show all;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 7 DAYS;
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/u01/backup/data/%F';
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f'; # default
RMAN> 
    查看节点1的备份目录是否存在（果然，节点2存放的备份，备份目录一定存在，而节点1上没有创建备份目录）：
[oracle@rac01 ~]$ cd /u01/backup/data
-bash: cd: /u01/backup/data: No such file or directory
[oracle@rac01 ~]$
    节点1上创建备份目录并赋予权限：
[root@rac01 u01]# mkdir -p backup/data
[root@rac01 u01]# ls -l
total 36
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root   oinstall  4096 Sep 21 20:00 app
drwxr-xr-x  3 root   root      4096 Jan  9 14:18 backup
drwxrwxr-x  7 oracle oinstall  4096 Sep 21 22:00 database
drwxrwxrwx  2 oracle oinstall  4096 Sep 22 02:52 dump
drwxrwxr-x  7 oracle oinstall  4096 Aug 27  2013 grid
drwxrwxr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 16384 Sep 21 18:53 lost+found
[root@rac01 u01]# chown -R oracle:oinstall backup
[root@rac01 u01]# chmod -R 777 backup
[root@rac01 u01]# ls -l
total 36
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root   oinstall  4096 Sep 21 20:00 app
drwxrwxrwx  3 oracle oinstall  4096 Jan  9 14:18 backup
drwxrwxr-x  7 oracle oinstall  4096 Sep 21 22:00 database
drwxrwxrwx  2 oracle oinstall  4096 Sep 22 02:52 dump
drwxrwxr-x  7 oracle oinstall  4096 Aug 27  2013 grid
drwxrwxr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 16384 Sep 21 18:53 lost+found
[root@rac01 u01]#
    在1节点重新尝试备份控制文件（成功了）：
[oracle@rac01 trace]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Jan 9 14:22:50 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1450957652)
RMAN>  backup current controlfile;
Starting backup at 2017-01-09 14:19:43
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2017-01-09 14:19:44
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2017-01-09 14:19:45
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/i7rpjirv_1_1 tag=TAG20170109T141943 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2017-01-09 14:19:45
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2017-01-09 14:19:45
piece handle=/u01/backup/data/c-1450957652-20170109-02 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2017-01-09 14:19:46

RMAN> list backup of controlfile;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time    
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1501    Full    52.95M     DISK        00:00:01     2017-01-01 20:01:15
        BP Key: 1501   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20170101T200114
        Piece Name: /u01/backup/data/c-1450957652-20170101-00
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 143516927    Ckp time: 2017-01-01 20:01:14


BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time    
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1506    Full    52.95M     DISK        00:00:01     2017-01-02 20:01:11
        BP Key: 1506   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20170102T200110
        Piece Name: /u01/backup/data/c-1450957652-20170102-00
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 144147774    Ckp time: 2017-01-02 20:01:10


BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time    
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1555    Full    52.95M     DISK        00:00:00     2017-01-03 20:20:26
        BP Key: 1555   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20170103T202026
        Piece Name: /u01/backup/data/c-1450957652-20170103-00
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 155236810    Ckp time: 2017-01-03 20:20:26


BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time    
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1566    Full    52.95M     DISK        00:00:01     2017-01-05 20:03:16
        BP Key: 1566   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20170105T200315
        Piece Name: /u01/backup/data/c-1450957652-20170105-00
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 157603651    Ckp time: 2017-01-05 20:03:15


BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time    
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1586    Full    52.95M     DISK        00:00:01     2017-01-07 01:29:12
        BP Key: 1586   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20170107T012911
        Piece Name: /u01/backup/data/c-1450957652-20170107-00
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 161699766    Ckp time: 2017-01-07 01:29:11


BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time    
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1591    Full    52.95M     DISK        00:00:01     2017-01-07 20:01:11
        BP Key: 1591   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20170107T200110
        Piece Name: /u01/backup/data/c-1450957652-20170107-01
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 162284897    Ckp time: 2017-01-07 20:01:10


BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time    
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1596    Full    52.95M     DISK        00:00:01     2017-01-08 20:01:21
        BP Key: 1596   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20170108T200120
        Piece Name: /u01/backup/data/c-1450957652-20170108-00
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 162881404    Ckp time: 2017-01-08 20:01:20


BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time    
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1597    Full    52.92M     DISK        00:00:01     2017-01-09 10:52:12
        BP Key: 1597   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20170109T105211
        Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/i3rpj6mr_1_1
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 163348183    Ckp time: 2017-01-09 10:52:11


BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time    
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1598    Full    52.95M     DISK        00:00:00     2017-01-09 10:52:13
        BP Key: 1598   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20170109T105213
        Piece Name: /u01/backup/data/c-1450957652-20170109-00
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 163348190    Ckp time: 2017-01-09 10:52:13


BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time    
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1599    Full    52.92M     DISK        00:00:01     2017-01-09 14:15:14
        BP Key: 1599   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20170109T141513
        Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/i5rpjijh_1_1
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 163446650    Ckp time: 2017-01-09 14:15:13


BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time    
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1600    Full    52.92M     DISK        00:00:01     2017-01-09 14:19:44
        BP Key: 1600   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20170109T141943
        Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/i7rpjirv_1_1
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 163447041    Ckp time: 2017-01-09 14:19:43


BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time    
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1601    Full    52.95M     DISK        00:00:00     2017-01-09 14:19:45
        BP Key: 1601   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20170109T141945
        Piece Name: /u01/backup/data/c-1450957652-20170109-02
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 163447048    Ckp time: 2017-01-09 14:19:45
RMAN> quit

Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@rac01 trace]$