HTML form enctype 属性试验

最新推荐文章于 2025-08-20 11:37:09 发布

weixin_34417814

最新推荐文章于 2025-08-20 11:37:09 发布

阅读量104

点赞数

文章标签： php javascript xhtml ViewUI

本文详细介绍了HTML表单中的enctype属性的作用及其不同值的应用场景，特别是当表单包含文件上传时如何正确设置enctype。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

HTML form enctype

http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#h-17.13.1%E2%80%8D

enctype= content-type [CI]
This attribute specifies the content type used to submit the form to the server (when the value of method is "post"). The default value for this attribute is "application/x-www-form-urlencoded". The value "multipart/form-data" should be used in combination with the INPUT element,type="file".

enctype 如果不写，默认为 application/x-www-form-urlencoded，如果提交内容包括 file input元素，则类型应该是 multipart/form-data。

enctype含义？

且看下面描述，浏览器处理表单过程的第三步，将表单数据集合编码，编码是根据enctype指定的content-type值。编码格式是HTTP协议的一部分，客户端和服务器都遵守。

Step three: Encode the form data set

The form data set is then encoded according to the content type specified by the enctype attribute of the FORM element.

但是 enctype是否就这两种类型？

看规范描述，只要求UA支持这两种类型，其他的content-type类型没有定义。

17.13.4 Form content types

The enctype attribute of the FORM element specifies the content type used to encode the form data set for submission to the server. User agents must support the content types listed below. Behavior for other content types is unspecified.

。。。

application/x-www-form-urlencoded

This is the default content type. Forms submitted with this content type must be encoded as follows:

。。。。

multipart/form-data

。。。

enctype用法试验

首先，只有使用POST方法的时候enctype才生效，GET方法默认使用 application/x-www-form-urlencoded 编码方法。

If the method is "get" and the action is an HTTP URI, the user agent takes the value of action, appends a`?'to it, then appends the form data set, encoded using the "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" content type. The user agent then traverses the link to this URI. In this scenario, form data are restricted to ASCII codes.
If the method is "post" and the action is an HTTP URI, the user agent conducts an HTTP "post" transaction using the value of the action attribute and a message created according to the content type specified by the enctype attribute.

构造一个含有file控件的form，还包括一个input框，变化enctype为以下值，查看请求报文都是按照 application/x-www-form-urlencoded 编码的：

1、不书写 enctype 属性

2、书写enctype但是值为空：

3、书写enctype值为未定义值：

4、书写enctype为

代码：

<html>
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    <script src="./jquery.js"></script>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="./test.css" />
</head>
<body>
    <style>
    </style>
    <form id="fileupload" name="fileupload" method="post" action="/index.php" enctype="sss">
        <input type="file" name="testfile"></br>
        <input type="text" name="textinput" value="textinputvalue"></br>
        <input type="submit" value="upload"></br>
    </form>
    <script>

    </script>
</body>
</html>

抓包：

POST http://wwwtestcom/index.php HTTP/1.1
Host: wwwtestcom
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:32.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/32.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-cn,zh;q=0.8,en-us;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
DNT: 0
Referer: http://wwwtestcom/fileupload.php
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 56

testfile=%E5%91%A8%E6%8A%A5.txt&textinput=textinputvalue

修改enctype为 multipart/form-data

抓包：

POST http://wwwtestcom/index.php HTTP/1.1
Host: wwwtestcom
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:32.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/32.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-cn,zh;q=0.8,en-us;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
DNT: 0
Referer: http://wwwtestcom/fileupload.php
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------734115918637
Content-Length: 299

-----------------------------734115918637
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="testfile"; filename="test.txt"
Content-Type: text/plain

-----------------------------734115918637
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="textinput"

textinputvalue
-----------------------------734115918637--

另外，演示下file控件可以选择多个文件的情况：

代码：

<html>
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    <script src="./jquery.js"></script>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="./test.css" />
</head>
<body>
    <style>
    </style>
    <form id="fileupload" name="fileupload" method="post" action="/index.php" enctype="multipart/form-data">
        <input type="file" name="testfile" multiple="multiple"></br>
        <input type="text" name="textinput" value="textinputvalue"></br>
        <input type="submit" value="upload"></br>
    </form>
    <script>

    </script>
</body>
</html>

选择两个文件，抓包 -- 可以看到报文体中，有两个 testfile 的PART，每个PART对应一个文件：

POST http://wwwtestcom/index.php HTTP/1.1
Host: wwwtestcom
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:32.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/32.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-cn,zh;q=0.8,en-us;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
DNT: 0
Referer: http://wwwtestcom/fileupload.php
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------25276621921226
Content-Length: 451

-----------------------------25276621921226
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="testfile"; filename="test.txt"
Content-Type: text/plain

-----------------------------25276621921226
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="testfile"; filename="test1.txt"
Content-Type: text/plain

-----------------------------25276621921226
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="textinput"

textinputvalue
-----------------------------25276621921226--