Case用法-优快云博客

本文详细介绍了SQL中CASE表达式的使用方法，包括基本语法、如何用于SELECT和GROUP BY语句中，以及如何结合ORDER BY子句进行排序。通过具体实例展示了CASE表达式在不同场景下的应用。

SELECT <myColumnSpec> = 
CASE 
WHEN <A> THEN <somethingA> 
WHEN <B> THEN <somethingB> 
ELSE <somethingE> 
END  
 
在上面的代码中需要用具体的参数代替尖括号中的内容。下面是一个简单的例子： 
 
USE pubs 
GO 
SELECT 
    Title, 
    'Price Range' = 
    CASE 
        WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Unpriced' 
        WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Bargain' 
        WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN 'Average' 
        ELSE 'Gift to impress relatives' 
    END 
FROM titles 
ORDER BY price 
GO  
 
这是 CASE 的典型用法，但是使用 CASE 其实可以做更多的事情。比方说下面的 GROUP BY 子句中的 CASE： 
 
SELECT 'Number of Titles', Count(*) 
FROM titles 
GROUP BY 
    CASE 
        WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Unpriced' 
        WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Bargain' 
        WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN 'Average' 
        ELSE 'Gift to impress relatives' 
    END 
GO  
 
你甚至还可以组合这些选项，添加一个 ORDER BY 子句，如下所示： 
 
USE pubs 
GO 
SELECT 
    CASE 
        WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Unpriced' 
        WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Bargain' 
        WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN 'Average' 
        ELSE 'Gift to impress relatives' 
    END AS Range, 
    Title 
FROM titles 
GROUP BY 
    CASE 
        WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Unpriced' 
        WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Bargain' 
        WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN 'Average' 
        ELSE 'Gift to impress relatives' 
    END, 
    Title 
ORDER BY 
    CASE 
        WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Unpriced' 
        WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Bargain' 
        WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN 'Average' 
        ELSE 'Gift to impress relatives' 
    END, 
    Title 
GO  
 
注意，为了在 GROUP BY 块中使用 CASE，查询语句需要在 GROUP BY 块中重复 SELECT 块中的 CASE 块。