用实例给新手讲解RSA加密算法

本文提供了一个Java实现的RSA加密与解密的完整示例,包括密钥生成、公钥加密、私钥解密等多个操作步骤,并通过具体的数据加密过程展示了RSA的工作原理。

http://www.cfca.com.cn/20150811/101230806.html

 

package com.rong.financeserver.utils;

import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.security.Key;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class RSAUtils {
    public static final String KEY_ALGORITHM = "RSA";
    public static final String ECB_PKCS1_PADDING = "RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding";//加密填充方式

    /**
     * 获取公钥的key
     */
    private static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "RSAPublicKey";

    /**
     * 获取私钥的key
     */
    private static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "RSAPrivateKey";

    /**
     * RSA最大加密明文大小
     */
    private static final int MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK = 117;

    /**
     * RSA最大解密密文大小
     */
    private static final int MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK = 256;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            String info = "待加密数据9876543210";
            System.out.println("info: " + info);
            Map<String, Object> keyMap = initKey();

            System.out.println("PUBLIC_KEY: " + getPublicKey(keyMap));
            System.out.println("PRIVATE_KEY:  " + getPrivateKey(keyMap));
            byte[] infoByte = info.getBytes();

            //公钥加密
            byte[] encryptByte = encryptByPublicKey(infoByte, getPublicKey(keyMap));
            System.out.println("公钥加密: " + Utils.bytesToHex(encryptByte));
            //私钥解密
            byte[] decryptByte = decryptByPrivateKey(encryptByte, getPrivateKey(keyMap));
            System.out.println("私钥解密: " + new String(decryptByte));

            //---------------------------------------------------------------------------

            //私钥加密
            byte[] encryptByte1 = encryptByPrivateKey(infoByte, getPrivateKey(keyMap));
            System.out.println("私钥加密: " + Utils.bytesToHex(encryptByte1));
            //公钥解密
            byte[] decryptByte1 = decryptByPublicKey(encryptByte1, getPublicKey(keyMap));
            System.out.println("公钥解密: " + new String(decryptByte1));

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 初始化密钥
     *
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static Map<String, Object> initKey() throws Exception {
        KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
        keyPairGen.initialize(1024);

        KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();

        // 公钥
        RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();
        System.out.println("公钥  Modulus: " + publicKey.getModulus().toString(10));
        System.out.println("公钥  Exponent: " + publicKey.getPublicExponent().toString(10));

        // 私钥
        RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();
        System.out.println("私钥  Modulus: " + privateKey.getModulus().toString(10));
        System.out.println("私钥  Exponent: " + privateKey.getPrivateExponent().toString(10));

        Map<String, Object> keyMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(2);

        keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey);
        keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey);
        return keyMap;
    }

    /**
     * 取得私钥
     *
     * @param keyMap
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String getPrivateKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)
            throws Exception {
        Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY);
        return Utils.bytesToHex(key.getEncoded());
    }

    /**
     * 取得公钥
     *
     * @param keyMap
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String getPublicKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)
            throws Exception {
        Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY);
        return Utils.bytesToHex(key.getEncoded());
    }

    /**
     * 解密<br>
     * 用私钥解密
     *
     * @param data
     * @param key
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String key) throws Exception {
        // 对密钥解密
        byte[] keyBytes = Utils.hexStr2Bytes(key);

        // 取得私钥
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
        Key privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);

        // 对数据解密
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);

        return cipher.doFinal(data);
    }

    /**
     * 解密<br>
     * 用公钥解密
     *
     * @param data
     * @param key
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static byte[] decryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String key) throws Exception {
        // 对密钥解密
        byte[] keyBytes = Utils.hexStr2Bytes(key);

        // 取得公钥
        X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
        Key publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);

        // 对数据解密
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey);

        return cipher.doFinal(data);
    }

    /**
     * 加密<br>
     * 用公钥加密
     *
     * @param data
     * @param key
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static byte[] encryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String key)
            throws Exception {

        // 对公钥解密
        byte[] keyBytes = Utils.hexStr2Bytes(key);

        // 取得公钥
        X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
        Key publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);

        // 对数据加密
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);

        return cipher.doFinal(data);
    }

    /**
     * 加密<br>
     * 用私钥加密
     *
     * @param data
     * @param key
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static byte[] encryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String key)
            throws Exception {
        // 对密钥解密
        byte[] keyBytes = Utils.hexStr2Bytes(key);

        // 取得私钥
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
        Key privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);

        // 对数据加密
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey);

        return cipher.doFinal(data);
    }

/** */
    /**
     * <P>
     * 私钥解密
     * </p>
     *
     * @param encryptedData 已加密数据
     * @param privateKey    私钥(BASE64编码)
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKeySort(byte[] encryptedData, String privateKey)
            throws Exception {
        byte[] keyBytes = (new BASE64Decoder()).decodeBuffer(privateKey);
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
        Key privateK = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateK);
        int inputLen = encryptedData.length;
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        int offSet = 0;
        byte[] cache;
        int i = 0;
        // 对数据分段解密
        while (inputLen - offSet > 0) {
            if (inputLen - offSet > MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK) {
                cache = cipher.doFinal(encryptedData, offSet, MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK);
            } else {
                cache = cipher.doFinal(encryptedData, offSet, inputLen - offSet);
            }
            out.write(cache, 0, cache.length);
            i++;
            offSet = i * MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK;
        }
        byte[] decryptedData = out.toByteArray();
        out.close();
        return decryptedData;
    }
/** */
    /**
     * <p>
     * 公钥解密
     * </p>
     *
     * @param
     * @param publicKey 公钥(BASE64编码)
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static byte[] decryptByPublicKeySort(byte[] encryptedData1, String publicKey)
            throws Exception {
        byte[] encryptedData = encryptedData1;
        byte[] keyBytes = publicKey.trim().getBytes();
        X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
        Key publicK = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ECB_PKCS1_PADDING);
        //
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicK);
        int inputLen = encryptedData.length;
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        int offSet = 0;
        byte[] cache;
        int i = 0;
        byte[] temp = new byte[MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK];
        // cache = cipher.doFinal(encryptedData);
        // 对数据分段解密
        while (inputLen - offSet > 0) {
            if (inputLen - offSet > MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK) {
                System.arraycopy(encryptedData, offSet, temp, 0, MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK);
//                cache = cipher.doFinal(encryptedData, offSet, MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK);
                cache = cipher.doFinal(temp);
            } else {
                byte[] temp1 = new byte[inputLen - offSet];
                System.arraycopy(encryptedData, offSet, temp1, 0, inputLen - offSet);
//                cache = cipher.doFinal(encryptedData, offSet, inputLen - offSet);
                cache = cipher.doFinal(temp1);
            }
            out.write(cache, 0, cache.length);
            i++;
            offSet = i * MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK;
        }
        byte[] decryptedData = out.toByteArray();
        out.close();
        return decryptedData;
    }

    /** */
    /**
     * <p>
     * 公钥加密
     * </p>
     *
     * @param data      源数据
     * @param publicKey 公钥(BASE64编码)
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static byte[] encryptByPublicKeySort(byte[] data, String publicKey)
            throws Exception {
        byte[] keyBytes = Utils.hexStr2Bytes(publicKey);
        X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
        Key publicK = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);
        // 对数据加密
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicK);
        int inputLen = data.length;
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        int offSet = 0;
        byte[] cache;
        int i = 0;
        // 对数据分段加密
        while (inputLen - offSet > 0) {
            if (inputLen - offSet > MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK) {
                cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offSet, MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK);
            } else {
                cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offSet, inputLen - offSet);
            }
            out.write(cache, 0, cache.length);
            i++;
            offSet = i * MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK;
        }
        byte[] encryptedData = out.toByteArray();
        out.close();
        return encryptedData;
    }

    /** */
    /**
     * <p>
     * 私钥加密
     * </p>
     *
     * @param data       源数据
     * @param privateKey 私钥(BASE64编码)
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static byte[] encryptByPrivateKeySort(byte[] data, String privateKey)
            throws Exception {
        byte[] keyBytes = Utils.hexStr2Bytes(privateKey);
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
        Key privateK = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateK);
        int inputLen = data.length;
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        int offSet = 0;
        byte[] cache;
        int i = 0;
        // 对数据分段加密
        while (inputLen - offSet > 0) {
            if (inputLen - offSet > MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK) {
                cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offSet, MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK);
            } else {
                cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offSet, inputLen - offSet);
            }
            out.write(cache, 0, cache.length);
            i++;
            offSet = i * MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK;
        }
        byte[] encryptedData = out.toByteArray();
        out.close();
        return encryptedData;
    }


}

 

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/547217475/blog/1559371

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